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ThesisItem Open Access SEASONAL INCIDENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF LEPIDOPTERAN FRUIT-BORER(S) ON GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2001) Kesar, Yogesh K.; Kaul, V.The present investigation on seasonal incidence and management of lepidopteran fruit borers were caried out in the guava orchard at Regional Horticulture Research Station, Udheywalla and Horticulture Research Sub-Station for Rainfed Subtropical Fmits, Raya, Jammu during 2000-2001. The observation of seasonal incidence of borers were recorded from 25th standard week (year 2000) to 3rd standard week (year 2001) on guava cv. L-49. The observations were recorded at weekly interval. The infestation on fruits at Udheywalla under inigated situation was first observed in 27th standard week (5.5%). The infestation increased in subsequent weeks and reached peak in 32nd standard week (20.0%) which started declining in subsequent weeks in rainy season crop. The infestation reappeared in 50th standard week in winter crop and disappeared by 3rd standard week. All the abiotic factors studied had significant positive correlation with borers infestation with only morning relative humidity showing non-significant effect. Multiple correlation analysis revealed that the abiotic factors had influenced borers infestation upto 63.2% (R2 = 0.632). A similar trend was obsen/ed at Raya under rainfed condition except the peak was recorded in 33rd standard week (9.0%) and the infestation continued upto 38th standard week. No infestation was recorded in winter crop at Raya. A comparison of infestation of Udheywalla and Raya revealed that fruit borers infestation was higher at Udheywalla under irrigated conditions. Studies on weight loss in guava fruit due to borers infestation revealed that there was an average of 14.5% loss in weight. The experiment on mean susceptibility of different guava cultivars indicated that Banarsi surkha and Hybrid no. 2 were relatively less susceptible followed by Hybrid no. 1, Apple coloured, L-49 and Allahabad safeda with corresponding values of 1.42, 3.45, 5.69,10.67, 11.34 and 12.66 percent.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF ADDED PHOSPHORUS, ORGANIC MATTER AND MOISTURE REGIMES ON PHOSPHORUS ADSORPTION IN SOILS OF VARIOUS AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF JAMMU REGION(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2007) Arya, Vivak Manohar; Jalali, V.K.Four hundred soil samples (0-22.5cm) collected from cultivable areas representing three agroclimatic zones viz. subtropical, intermediate and temperate zones of Jammu region were studied for P adorption/desorption behavior of these soils. Further relationship between adsorbed P and various soil properties were studied. Besides incubation study was conducted to ascertain the effect of various levels of P, organic matter and moisture regimes on P adsorption. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were tested for adsorption/desorption studies and from these isotherms adsorption maxima (b), bonding energy (K) and maximum buffering capacity (MBC) were calculated. The soils varied in their physical and chemical properties. P adsorption by soils of three agro climatic region of Jammu region, irrespective of the treatments increased with rise in the concentration of added P, the magnitude of its increase, however, varied between soil and concentration. The mean P adsorption by the temperate soil was 523.1 mg kg-1 as compared to 296.6 mg kg-1 in the intermediate zone soils, subtropical zone soils recorded lowest P adsorption of 126.1 mg kg-1. The adsorption isotherm indicated, although the adsorption of P increased with increasing concentration of P, yet the percentage of adsorbed P decreased from 65.3 to 57.0 percent, 83.1 to 21.4 percent and 85.2 to 39.7 percent for different soil in subtropical, intermediate and temperate zone soils respectively. Langmuir adsorption maxima (b), bonding energy (K) and maximum buffering capacity (MBC) of these soils ranged from 101 to 1000 mg kg-1, 12.0 to 56.01 L, kg-1 and 2.62 to'20.0 L kg-1 respectively. P adsorption maxima was positively and significantly correlated with organic carbon, CEC and clay, the coefficient of correlations being 0.892**, 0.900** and 0.935** respectively. Bonding energy was positively correlated with clay, CEC, while maximum buffering capacity had a significant negative corelationship with pH (r = -0.743**) but a significant positive corelationship with clay (r =0.849**). Multiple regression analysis indicated significant influence of clay and organic matter on P adsorption in these soils. The percentage of desorbed P was higher at higher level of added P, while percentage of adsorbed P decreased with the increase in the P level. Highest P desorption was noticed in Smailpur (37.9 mg kg-1) and lowest in Thein (24.8 mg kg-1) both in subtropical zone. The range of desorption in the intermediate zone soils was from 26.1 mg kg-1 to 21.4 mg kg-1. Lowest P desorption was in temperate zone soils. The percentage of desorbed to adsorbed P varied from 16.9 to 11.5 percent, 14.0 to 9.5 percent and 12.9 to 7.9 percent in subtropical. Intermediate and temperate zone soils respectively. In all the soils the bonding energy (K) and adsorption maxima (b) decrease with the addition of farm yard manure but the decrease was more at saturation than at field capacity. The bonding energy decreased from 23.6 to 20.2 L kg-1 with 0 level of FYM at field capacity. At saturation point bonding energy decreased from 16.8 to 14.0 L kg-1 and with addition of FYM (5 t ha-1) decrease was from 23.2 to 19.6 L kg-1 at field capacity and from 16.4 to 13.7 L kg-1 at saturation. The decrease was more at saturation as compared to field capacity. Similar decreasing trend were found with the addition of 50 and 100 ppm P in all the three agro climatic zones of Jammu region. Incubation of soils at saturation and field capacity and addition of FYM @ 5 tonne ha-1 invariably resulted in significantly higher P extraction with 0.5 M NaHCO3 through out the incubation period .The increase at saturation point was from 12.5 to 20.9 kg ha-1 while at field capacity it was from 11.2 to 18.6 kg ha-1.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF SOWING TIME ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF BRASSICA NAPUS L.(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2000) Gupta, Vinod Kumar; Gupta, S.C.Investigation entitled "Effect of sowing time on growth, yield and quality of Brassictt napus L." was conducted at the experimental research farm of SKUAST, Faculty of Agriculture, R.S.Pura, Jammu, during rabi 1998-99. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with four dates of sowing (October 12, October 22, November 1 and November 11) in main plots and three varieties of gobhi sarson (GSL-1, GSL-2 and PGSH-51) in sub plots with three replications. The results revealed that highest seed yield (18.15 q ha-1) was obtained in October 12 sown crop and significant reduction to the extent of 6.22,15.48 and 27.88 per cent was recorded when sowing was delayed to October 22, November 1 and November 11, respectively. The number of primary and secondary branches, siliquae per plant were significantly higher in October 12 sown crop than the later dates of sowing. Among the gobhi sarson varieties PGSH-51 gave significantly higher seed yield (17.09 q ha-1) which was about 11 per cent more in.comparison to GSL-1 (15.22 q ha-1) and GSL-2 (15.40 q ha-1). Primary and secondary branches, siliquae per plant and 1000-seed weight were also significantly higher in PGSH-51 than rest of the varieties. Similarly highest oil yield ha-1 was obtained in October 12 sown crop with variety PGSH-51. Nutrient (NPK) uptake in gobhi sarson varieties was also significantly higher in October 12 sown crop at different dates of sowing and among the varieties, PGSH-51 depicted significant higher nutrient uptake. The October 12 sown crop gave the highest net return of Rs.16284.10 ha-1 vis-a-vis highest benefit cost ratio (Rs.2.78). Among the varieties PGSH-51 gave the highest net return of Rs.14650.44 and highest benefit cost ratio (Rs.2.58).ThesisItem Open Access POPULATION DYNAMICS AND CONTROL OF HOPPERS ON MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA L.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2001) Tandon, Vinod K; Arora, R.K.The present investigation on population dynamics and control of hoppers on mango were carried out in the mango orchard of Regional Horticulture Reasearch Station, Udheywalla, SKUAST, Jammu during the year 2000. The observations on seasonal abundance of hoppers from 1st January to 30th September, 2000 on different mango cultivars viz., Dashehari, Langra, Malda and Amarpalli were recorded at 10 days interval. Generally, in all the four cultivars, it was observed that the hoppers appeared by thr end of February as nymphs and their population increased subsequently, whereas the adult population started appearing from 10th of March. An increasing trend in the adult hopper population was observed with a peak during the month of April, which started declining in the subsequent months. Relative humidity and total rainfall were observed to have significantly and adversely affected the hopper population in all the four cultivars of mango. Simple correlation coefficients also indicated that the morning and evening relative humidity had negatively affected the population of hoppers besides the total rainfall. Though the effect of maximum temperature was positively correlated, yet it did not have any significant effect on the population of hoppers. Multiple correlation analysis also revealed that the combined effect of weather factors had influenced the hopper population to a maximum of 71.5 per cent (R2 = 0.715) on Langra, with a maximum of 76.5 per cent (R2 =0.765) on Dashehari. The susceptibility of different cultivars indicated that Malda and Langra were relatively less susceptible to mango hoppers as compared to Dashehari and Amarpalli. Two species of mango hoppers viz., Amritodus atkinsoni and Idioscopus clypealis were identified and were found to be prevalent in all the four cultivars. I. clypealis was observed to be in large numbers ranging between 69.83 to 84.97 per cent of the total adult hoppers collected from April to September, 2000. Six insecticides namely, endosulfan 35 EC, cartap hydrochloride 50 SP, lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC, neem 30 EC, carbaryl 50 WP and dimethoate 30 EC were evaluated for the control of hoppers on mango cv. Dashehari. It was observed that all the six insecticides were significant over control in reducing the hopper population. Dimethoate (0.03%) and carbaryl (0.10%) were most effective and at par in suppressing the pest infestation during all the three sprays conducted, followed by lambda cyhalothrin (0.004%), which also proved its significant during the course of its application. Cartap hydrochloride (0.05%) and endosulfan (0.05%) remained effective only upto 7th day of each insecticidal application, whereas neem (0.15%) proved to be least effective in obtaing adequate control of hopper population. It could be concluded that dimethoate 30 EC (0.03%), carbaryl 50 WP (0.10%) and lambda cyhalothrin 5 EC (0.004%) could be recommended for the control of hoppers on Mango.ThesisItem Open Access SEED BORNE NATURE OF ALTERNARIA PORRI CAUSING PURPLE BLOTCH OF ONION AND ITS PATHOLOGY(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2001) Gupta, Vinay Kumar; Puttoo, B.L.Purple blotch of onion caused by Alternaria porri has been observed to occur in Jammu in all ten localities surveyed. Initial symptoms were visible after 30 days of transplanting and involved outer leaves of onion seedlings. Mean per cent disease incidence ranged from 6.30 to 14.00 after 60 days of transplantation in 10 different locations around Jammu during rabi, 1998-99. Conidial variations both in host and in culture were observed to be significant both in length and breadth. The conidial dimension in host was 220.9 x 21.6 μm and in culture 186.2 x 19.5 μm. On the basis of morphological and cultural characters the identity of the fungus involved is confirmed as Alternaria porri (EII.) Neerg. Seed-borne nature of A. porri in 38 cultivars/lines collected from different sources by washing method has been observed on 24 lines only while internally sedd-borne nature of A. porri has been observed in almost all the cultivars by adopting Blotter, Agar and component mount methods. However, methods did vary in yielding the fungal colonies. Antificial inoculation of seeds of 6 cultivars/lines when treated with actively growing culture of A. porri and sown in soil, sand and upon blotters did include seedling mortality when compared to check. The seedling mortality ranged from 13-20, 10-17, 10-17, 7-13 and 8-13 per cent in sterilized soil, unsterilized soil, sterilized sand, unsterilized sand and blotter, respectively while in check it ranged from 4-8 per cent. Oversummering of A. porri was observed in seeds in the form of viable conidia upto 90 days of storage and in bulbs upto 210 days of storage. However, occurrence of chlamydospores was encountered in plant debris in the form of leaf foliage when placed on soil surface on all the days of observations beginning after 30 days upto 210 days. Availability of chlamydospores was also encountered when foliage was buried 5 cm deep in soil after 30 days of treatment. Subsequent observations did not harbour the pathogen. The debris had disintegrated. None of the lines/varieties was found to be resistant to A. porri when inoculated artificially. However variation in symptom production was noticed when inoculated at leaf tip, middle of leaf and leaf base. Efficacy of common seed dressing fungicides was studied in pot culture by adopting CRD with three replications having 8 treatments using Difolatan, Captan, Thiram, Mancozeb and Vitavax in different concentrations. The results when analysed statistically revealed that the fungicide treatments were successful in reducing the seedling mortality significantly. Thiram (0.2%) was the most efficacious in reducing the seedling mortality to 2.33 per cent followed by Mancozeb (0.3%) and Captan (0.2%). Vitavax (0.02%) was observed to be least efficacious showing seedling mortality 8.66 per cent when compared to check which was 10.33 per cent.ThesisItem Open Access CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS OF KATHUA DISTRICT IN JAMMU REGION OF JAMMU AND KASHMIR STATE(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2000) Upadhayaya, Vijay Kumar; Gupta, R.D.Twenty one soil profiles from different locations representing three biosequences viz., cultivated, forest and grasslands of Kathua district in Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir state, were collected for studying their morphological, physical, physico-chemical and fertility status. Morphologically, hue of soil matrix colour ranged from 5YR to 10YR, value from 4 / to 6/ and chroma from / 1 to / 6 . Texturally, the soils were clayey to coarse loamy with gravels and pebbles in many profiles. Soil structure varied widely in type, size, grade and soil consistence in dry, moist and wet soil condtions too, varied largely. Among "Physical parameters", the mechanical components viz. coarse sand, fine sand, silt and clay ranged from 0.00 to 50.30, 2.00 to 82.40,4.00 to 80.00 and 8.00 to 68.00 per cent, the mean weight diameter (MWD) and percentage of aggregates >0.25 mm ranged from 0.26 to 5.30 mm and 25.7 to 96.25 per cent. The moisture retention at suctions 0, 33 and 1500 kpa showed a range of 28.4 to 95.1, 6.0 to 33.6 and 2.2 to 17.9 per cent, respectively. In respect of "Chemical characteristics" pH varied between 4.4 to 7.1 (strongly acidic to neutral), EC between 0.10 to 0.97 dSm-1 (normal), OC between 0.07 to 2.47 per cent (low to high), total N between 0.01 to 0.23. C:N ratio between 3.6 to 20, base saturation between 10.2 to 97.4 per cent and CEC between 5.02 to 19.0 Cmol (P+) kg-1 soil. Exchangeable, Ca++, Mg++, K++ and Na++ values fluctuated between 0.8 to 6.4, 0.00 to 4.7, 0.07 to 0.28 and 0.04 to 0.17 Cmol (P+) kg -1 soil, respectively. Available macronutrients viz. N, P and K ranged in the vicinity of 13.0 to 817.2 (low to high), 4.7 to 101.1 (low to high) and 61.2 to 199.2 kg ha-1 (low to medium), exchangeable Ca and Mg showed a range of 0.8 to 6.40 (deficient to sufficient) and 0.00 to 4.7 Cmol (P+) kg-1 soil (deficient to sufficient). Sulphur content ranged between 4.9 to 12.4 ppm (deficient). Of the total macronutrients content determined in concentrated HCl extract N, P, K were in the range of 0.01 to 0.23, trace to 0.22 and 0.15 to 0.45 per cent, while total Ca and Mg varied between 25.00 to 62.5 and 12.50 to 50.00 Cmol (P+) kg-1 soil. The values of DTPA extractable micronutrients viz. Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu ranged from 12.0 to 320.4 (high), 0.29 to 3.14 (low to high), 3.00 to 150.00 (low to high) and 0.04 to 5.20 ppm (low to high), respectively. Correlation studies indicated positive and significant relationships between MWD and OC (r = 0.70**), clay content and available moisture (r = 0.44*), OC and available moisture (r = 0.48*), OC and CEC (r = 0.55**), OC and Total N (r = 0.58**) etc. Taxonomically, the soil profiles were classified into three orders viz., Entisol, Inceptisols, Alfisols. Within these three orders eight subgroups Typic Ustpsamments, Typic Ustorthents, Typic Udifluvents, Typic Haplumbrepts, Typic Hapludalf, Typic Ustochrepts, Ultic Haplustalf, Typic Fragiudalf were recognised. Depending upon soil constraints and limitations, the soils were classified into six land capability classes (II,III, IV, V, VI and VII) and eleven subclasses (IIs, IIIw, IIIes, IIIe, IIIs, IVes , IVe, Vs, VIes, VIe andVIIes ).ThesisItem Open Access BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF BEAN APHID, APHIS CRACCIVORA (KOCH) ON MUNG CROP(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2000) Saroch, Vijay Kumar; Ahmad, HafeezThe investigation on the "Biology and management of bean aphid, Aphis craccivora (Koch) on mung crop" was conducted during kharif, 1999 at RARS, R.S.Pura and Pulses Research Sub-Station, Samba, SKUAST, Jammu. The female laid 32.15 + 6.38, 15.25 + 4.65, 38.25 ± 9.09 and 63.60 ± 7.08 nymphs in her life span during July, August, September and October with average temperature of 29.28 ± 3.04, 30.80 ± 2.87, 29.12 ± 3.31 and 25.33 ± 5.46°C and relative humidity was 79.61 + 12.02, 71.00 ± 12.94 , 72.60 ± 14.79 and 58.22 ± 20.79 per cent respectively. Whereas, the average fecundity per female per day was 5.08 ± 6.42, 3.08 ± 1.84, 5.52 ± 10.19 and 6.75 ± 5.87 nymphs at the corresponding temperature and relative humidity. The newly born nymphs passed through four instars. The 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar occupied a period of 1.55 ± 0.47,1.43 + 0.36,1.23 ± 0.19 and 1.37 + 0.34 days during July; 1.64 ± 0.42,1.42 ± 0.35,1.24 ± 0.31 and 1.36 ± 0.24 days during August and 1.38 + 0.34, 1.22 ± 0.24,1.09 ± 0.29 and 1.24 ± 0.37 days during September respectively. The mean nymphal period was 5.58 ± 0.81, 5.66 + 0.58 and 4.93 ± 0.41 days during July, August and September respectively. The adult longevity was 6.23 ± 1.85, 6.42 ± 1.76 and 6.87 ± 2.18 days and life span was 11.81 + 1.87, 12.08 ± 2.19 and 11.80 ± 1.78 days during the corresponding months with average temperature of 30.7, 29.7 and 26.2°C and relative humidity of 69.42, 76.57 and 62.35 per cent respectively. The morphometries (length x breadth) of 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar nymphs and adult female were (0.66 ± 0.05) x (0.32 ± 0.02), (0.90 ± 0.08) x (0.45 ± 0.05), (1.19 ± 0.11) X (0.62 ± 0.05), (1.42 ± 0.10) x (0.78 ± 0.08) and (1.74 ± 0.13) x (0.93 ± 0.09) mm respectively. The antennal length for corresponding instars and adult female was 0.37 ± 0.02, 0.57 ± 0.02, 0.68 ± 0.02, 0.79 ± 0.03 and 1.28 ± 0.02 mm respectivley. Twenty three mung genotypes were screened on the basis of aphid population in the terminal shoot and a foliar damage index (FDI). The aphid population ranged from 64.0 - 234.0 per 2.5 cm shoot length and FDI ranged from 0.6 - 3.5 per plant. Out of 23 mung entries, genotypes designated as resistant, moderately resistant, intermediate, susceptible and highly susceptible numbered 4, 5,5, 5 and 4 respectively. Five insecticides viz., endosulfan 35 EC, fenvalerate 20 EC, oxydemeton methyl 25 EC, cypermethrin 10 EC and malathion 50 EC each at three concentrations evaluated against the pest and were found superior to control. However, fenvalerate 0.03 per cent and cypermethrin 0.03 per cent proved most effective, whereas, endosulfan 0.05 per cent was least effective. The highest cost/benefit ratio (1:7.65) was obtained with fenvalerate 0.01 per cent followed by fenvalerate 0.02 per cent (1:5.87) and fenvalerate 0.03 percent (1:4.95).ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT OF SHEATH ROT OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2001) Koshal, Vijay Kumar; Gupta, B.R.Studies on sheath rot of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were conducted in rice growing sub-tropical and intermediate areas of Jammu, Kathua and Udhampur districts during 1999. Sheath rot incidence on rice was maximum in R.S.Pura zone of Jammu district (29.0%) and minimum in Nagri zone of Kathua district (3.66%). Average disease incidence of rice in Jammu, Kathua and Udhampur was 15.5, 12.38 and 11.78 per cent, respectively. Whereas, overall mean disease incidence was 13.22 per cent in sub-tropical and intermediate areas of these districts in Jammu region. Thus sheath rot of rice was considered as one of the major rice diseases in these areas. Characteristic symptoms of disease on rice were recorded during investigation. The pathogens involved in sheath rot of rice were identified as Sarocladium oryzae (Sawada) W. Gams and D. Hawksw; Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon and Curvularia lunata (wakker) Boedijn on the basis of anamorph characters. Epidemiological studies in which effect of some weather parameters (mean temperature, mean relative humidity and rainfall) on disease index was studied, revealed that disease had significant but negative correlation with respect to temperature and relative humidity whereas, a non significant correlation was observed between disease index and rainfall. Maximum disease development was observed at maximum temperature range of 32.8 °C and 32.5 °C when minimum temperature ranged between 18.11 °C and 20.4 °C. During this period minimum and maximum relative humidity ranged between 32.5 and 83.0 per cent. Also average temperature range of 25.13 °C to 25.45 °C and relative humidity of 55.64 to 57.75 per cent were found to favour rapid disease development in the month of October with disease index of 24, 63 and 183 in cultivars Bas-370, PR-106 and lET-1410, respectively. A field trial of chemical control on sheath rot of rice revealed that out of seven fungicides carbendazim (0.1%) and propiconazole (0.1%) proved efficacious giving 25.16 and 24.52 per cent disease control, respectively followed by mancozeb (0.25%) wath disease control of 20.65 per cent when sprayed thrice starting from boot leaf stage, at fifty per cent emergence of panicles and fifteen days after second spray.ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF BIO-FERTILIZERS ON PHOSPHORUS USE EFFICIENCY IN WHEAT AND ITS RESIDUAL EFFECT ON RICE UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2005) Vijay Bharti; Azad, B.S.Field experiment was conducted during the rabi, 2001-02 to kharif, 2003 to study the direct and residual effect of different bio-fertilizer treatments on phosphorus use efficiency in wheat-rice cropping sequence at the Research Farm of Division of Agronomy, SKUAST-J, R.S. Pura. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications each having four levels of phosphorus (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P2O5 ha-1) and bio-fertilizers (no inoculation, VAM, PSB and VAM + PSB) in main and sub plots, respectively. The recommended N and K2O were applied in wheat whereas no bio-fertilizer treatments were imposed in rice except 100 per cent Recommended Fertilizer Dose as blanket application. The results obtained indicate that application of 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 being at par with 75 Kg P2O5 ha-1 significantly increased the growth characters (plant height, number of tillers, dry weight, leaf area index and root dry weight), yield attributes (number of effective tillers, number of grains ear-1 and 1000 grain weight) and nutrient uptake in wheat crop which exhibited significant increase in grain yield and straw yield. Harvest index was found significant in wheat with phosphorus levels over control whereas with bio-fertilizer inoculations, non-significant results were observed. Harvest index in rice was found to be non-significant. Similar trend was observed in succeeding rice crop for growth parameters. The grain and straw yield of wheat along with growth, yield attributes and nutrient uptake under bio-fertilizer treatments significantly increased with the inoculation of VAM + PSB, VAM and PSB over no inoculation. However, the value recorded with VAM + PSB inoculation remained at par with those observed with VAM. Similar trend was observed under residual effect in rice crop except that effect of no inoculation and PSB inoculation recorded values at par with each other. The maximimi P-use efficiency in wheat was obtained with P2O5 @ 25 kg ha-1 coupled with VAM + PSB followed by P2O5 @ 25 kg ha-1 along with VAM inoculation. Interaction was found to be significant at lower levels of phosphonis (0 and 25 kg ha-1) with bio-fertilizer inoculations for root dry weight, yield and its attributes, N P uptake and microbial studies for wheat whereas in rice interaction was found to be for significant for root dry weight and microbial studies. The phosphorus treatments after wheat-rice cycle harvest failed to show any significant effect on soil electrical conductivity (EC) whereas soil pH decreases and organic carbon mcreased with increasing levels of phosphorus. The application of either 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 or 75 kg P2O5 ha-1, although at par with each other significantly increased the N and P status of surface soil. The higher value of available K after wheat-rice cycle was observed with the application of 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 without any significant difference amongst the phosphorus levels. The direct as well as residual effect of bio-fertilizers treatments had no significant effect on soil EC, OC, and available N K whereas soil pH decreased significantly over no inoculation. Available P of soil after completion of wheat-rice cycle was found to be significantly higher with PSB inoculation over VAM + PSB and no inoculation but at par with VAM. Significantly higher bacterial population and VAM per cent infectivity in roots after wheat harvest was recorded with inoculation of VAM + PSB which was found to be at par with PSB for bacterial count and VAM inoculation for VAM infectivity and after cycle significantly higher population and VAM infectivity was observed with VAM + PSB which was statistically similar to those observed with PSB for bactenal count and VAM moculation for infectivity. The net monetary returns from wheat-rice system, was maximum with the application of 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 + (VAM + PSB) and this value was closely followed by that observed with 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 + (VAM + PSB). Thus, moculation of VAM + PSB with 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 not only sustained the wheat-rice system productivity but also provided higher net monetary returns.