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Author: Kour, Manpreet ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genomic analysis of F2:5 lines for primary branches in Brassica Juncea L.
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-06) Kour, Manpreet; Singh, Ravinder
    The current research was conducted to use F2:5 lines of a genetic cross between Kafiav N Zagora (east European type) and PusaKarishma (Indian type) for the tagging of genomic region controlling number of primary branches in Brassica juncea. A total of 130 F2:5 plants were used for the characterization of number of primary branches to develop two pools of 12 genotypes, each for high (HPB) and low (LPB) number of primary branches. The average number of primary branches for HPB and LPB were 12.16 and 4.50, respectively. For tagging of genomic regions, a set of 140 SSR markers representing sub-genomes A and B were used for parental polymorphism screening. Finally, a subset of 14 polymorphic SSRs was used for molecular characterization of two bulk pools i.e. HPB and LPB. The allelic data scored for 14 polymorphic lines was subjected to Student’s T-test analysis to understand associations for primary branches with SSR markers and amplified alleles. Based on this, two markers (Ni2-C12 and Ni2-A11) from B-genome were found to be significantly associated with the number of primary branches. Bioinformatics analysis for both the significantly associated markers mapped these within a 9MB (between 55.9MB to 64.9MB) region on chromosome B05 of the sub-genome B. The present study was able to use F2:5 lines of an inter-gene pool genetic cross for the localization of loci controlling number of primary branches to sub-genome chromosome B05 of Brassica juncea. However, it would be important to note that these results would need to be validated in different genetic background, before fine-mapping studies could be undertaken to dissect the genomic region (between 55.9 to 64.9 MB) of sub-genome chromosome B05.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Economic Analysis of Production and Marketing of Marigold Flowers in Jammu Subtropics
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, 2018-09) Kour, Manpreet; Bhat, Dr. Anil
    In the present scenario, the traditional crops are not able to fulfill farmers’ economic needs and for their upliftment. Therefore, the farmers need to shift to cash crops which can help them to have higher returns and floriculture is one of the enterprises. Flowers, if grown properly can provide 15-20 times more returns than cereal crops (Sharma, 2013). The present study was undertaken in Jammu province of Jammu and Kashmir state. Primary data were collected from subtropical area of Jammu and Kathua districts which were selected purposively on the basis of highest area under cultivation. Five villages from each district were selected on the basis of highest number of growers and 10 farmers from each village were selected randomly constituting a sample of 100 farmers. The study revealed that overall per hectare cost of cultivation of marigold was `117697.70. Out of all the inputs used, the expenditure on human labour was highest and the cost of human labour (casual and family labour) used for performing the operations like nursery raising, transplanting, irrigation, harvesting worked out to be `45939.48/ha on an average which was 42.68 per cent of operational cost and 39.03 per cent of total cost followed by expenditure incurred on seed (`24712.52/ha) and FYM (`19558.44/ha). The cost structure revealed that cost A1, cost A2, cost B1, cost B2, cost C1, cost C2, cost C3 were `69962.89/ha, `78878.46/ha, `70456.14/ha, `79371.71/ha, `108782.10/ha, `117697.70/ha, `129467.50/ha, respectively. The gross returns from marigold cultivation was found to be `601381.60/ha and net returns obtained were `474742.60/ha with a benefit cost ratio of 5.03:1. The Cobb-Douglas production function was used to explain the input-output relationship or resource use efficiency and it was found that regression coefficients for FYM, fertilizers, plant protection and machine hours were significant at 5 per cent level of significance. The value of R2 was calculated to be 0.73 which shows 73 per cent variability of dependent variable is explained by independent variables under study. A censored regression analysis was done to analyze the effect of variables on the income of the farmers using tobit model and it showed that FYM, family labour, hired labour, education and years of cultivating marigold were significant. The value of coefficient of determination was calculated to be 0.69. A total of five marketing channels were found in the study area which are farmer-retailer-consumer, farmer-wholesaler-retailer-consumer, farmer- retailer (pre harvest contract)-consumer, farmer-retailer (farm marketing)-consumer, farmer-consumer in which first 3 were used by farmers of Jammu district and all 5 were used in Kathua district. The most commonly used channel by the farmers is channel I while the most efficient one is channel V followed by channel IV, channel III, channel I and channel II. The flowers when sold as garlands were fetching more price but the producer’s share in consumer’s rupee could only be increased if the farmer himself would make the garlands. Marigold cultivation provided 115.13 mandays (MD) and 137.54 MD in Jammu and Kathua districts with an overall average of 124.84 MD/ha in a season. The most labour intensive operations were plucking of flowers (harvesting) followed by intercultural operations, irrigation, transplanting, land preparation and pesticide application which needed 30, 29.66, 27.54, 16.33, 10.00 and 6.25 mandays, respectively. The study also revealed that marigold crop provide a total of 124.84 mandays in comparison to 85.37 mandays as needed in rice and 49.58 mandays in wheat. It was also found that marigold crop is earning more net profits i.e. `474742.60/ha with a cost benefit ratio of 1:5.03 while rice and wheat has a cost of cultivation of `40359.01/ha and `22730.69/ha earning a gross profit of `106271.36/ha and `41915.92/ha which makes its net returns `65912.35/ha and `19195.23/ha with a cost benefit ratio of 1:2.63 and 1:1.84. The farmers of the study area are also facing numerous constraints in the production and marketing of marigold flowers. The most serious constraints are distant markets, unavailability of quality packing material, lack of grading facilities, lack of regulated markets and the risky nature of the venture as reported by 64 per cent, 55 per cent, 55 per cent, 50 per cent, 47 per cent and 46 per cent farmers respectively. This study also revealed that there is a considerable difference between the constraints faced by farmers of Jammu and Kathua district. While some constraints are of same severity in both the districts like lack of technical now how, lack of new improved varieties, insect pest/disease problem, risky nature of the venture, lack of knowledge about appropriate stage of harvesting, lack of grading facilities, non-availability of cold storage facilities, low price prevalence in markets, lack of market information, delayed payments by traders and malpractices by traders. There is a considerable difference in some constraints like high input cost, unavailability of timely labour, lack of financial resources, stray animals, unavailability of quality packing material, spoilage, lack of regulated markets, distant markets, high transportation cost etc.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF YELLOW MOSAIC OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L.) IN JAMMU DIVISION
    (Division of Plant Pathology Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2015) Kour, Manpreet; Singh, Ranbir
    STATUS AND MANAGEMENT OF YELLOW MOSAIC OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata L.) IN JAMMU DIVISION