Thumbnail Image

Theses

Browse

2017 - 201912020 - 20232
 Reset filters

Settings

Subject: Veterinary Anatomy ×

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    “Comparative anatomical study on the stomach of adult Bakerwali goat and non-descript goats and sheep of Jammu region”
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2023-04-11) Sasan, Jasvinder Singh; Suri, Shalini
    The present study was conducted on the stomach of adult Bakerwali goat, non-descript goats and non-descript sheep of Jammu region. The rumen was bag-like with mucosa studded with tongue-shaped to leaf-like ruminal papillae which were uniformly distributed in adult Bakerwali goat and non-descript goats whereas unevenly distributed in non-descript sheep. Ruminal pillars in adult Bakerwali goat and non-descript goats were studded with papillae but in non-descript sheep, pillars were devoid of papillae. Interior of reticulum had honeycomb-like appearance. Secondary and tertiary crests were prominent in non-descript sheep. Omasum was oval shaped organ containing numerous page-like structures known as omasal laminae. The 4th order laminae were more prominent in adult non-descript sheep. Abomasum presented longitudinal folds in fundus and thick ridges in pylorus. The total empty weight of rumen and abomasum was highest in adult Bakerwali goat whereas the total empty weight of reticulum was highest in non-descript goat. The total empty weight of omasum was highest in non-descript sheep. The caudal transverse pillar was thicker than cranial transverse and longitudinal pillars. The height and width of ruminal papillae was highest at cranial sac. Papillae density was highest at ventral sac. SEF was highest at cranial sac. In all the three species, the length and width of cellulae reticuli were greater towards greater curvature. Length, width and height of omasum were highest in adult Bakerwali goat. Number of omasal laminae was significantly higher in adult non-descript sheep. Number of abomasal folds was greater in adult Bakerwali goat, although the difference was non-significant. Histologically, forestomach was lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Lamina muscularis mucosae was absent in rumen, confined to the primary reticular crest of reticulum and was distinct in omasum. Tunica muscularis had inner circular and outer longitudinal layer. In all the three species, length of ruminal papillae was highest at cranial sac. Length of primary reticular crest was highest in adult Bakerwali goat. Tunica mucosa of abomasum had cardiac, fundic and pyloric glands. Lamina epithelialis mucosae included gastric pits and was lined by simple columnar epithelium. Cardiac glands were simple straight branched tubular and presented mucous cells with few parietal cells. Fundic glands varied from simple straight tubular to branched tubular glands in Bakerwali goat and non-descript sheep. In non-descript goats, fundic glands were organized in distinct lobules. Mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells with few argentaffin cells were present. Pyloric glands were simple, straight branched tubular glands which were composed of typical mucous acini with flat nuclei towards the base. Lamina muscularis mucosae was better developed in pyloric region. The histochemical distribution of neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides, basic proteins, glycogen and sudanophilic lipids was seen in different compartments of stomach. The study revealed that the distribution of these histochemical moieties did not vary among the three species. However, the reaction was variable in different compartments of stomach.
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Anatomical studies on the liver of adult Bakerwali and non- descript goats of Jammu region-A Comparative study
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2021-03-04) Sethi, Lovish; Suri, Dr. Shalini
    The study was conducted on 6 samples of liver and gall bladder of young (below 1 year), adult (2-3 years) and senile (4 years and above) Bakerwali and non-descript goats. Samples were subjected to gross morphology, biometry, histology, micrometry and histochemistry. Blood samples were collected from the same animals for determining various biochemical parameters and liver enzymes. Liver was almost rectangular, lobulated, reddish brown in colour. The liver of Bakerwali goat was more darker in colour. The gall bladder was a musculo-membranous pear-shaped sac having body and neck. Length of liver showed an increasing pattern with advancing age in both the breeds, although the Bakerwali goat had greater value in all age groups. The mean width was slightly less in non-descript goats at the level of UPOML.The mean values of thickness, weight, volume and shape index were slightly higher in non-descript goats irrespective of age groups. The length and width of gall bladder were higher in Bakerwali goats but thickness was more in non-descript goats. Histologically, the liver was covered by outer peritoneal layer and inner Glisson’s capsule. The capsule comprised of collagen, reticular fibres and smooth muscle cells in both the goats. The thickness of capsule was highest in adult group of non-descript goats. The capsule showed weak reaction for PAS, negative reaction for glycogen and weak reaction for lipids in both breeds of goats. Hepatic lobules, portal lobules and liver acinus were observed. Hepatic lobules were more easily recognized in Bakerwali goat as compared to non-descript goats where interlobular connective tissue was minimal. The number of liver lobules per field was significantly less in Bakerwali goats in all age groups (P≤0.05). Hepatocytes were polygonal epithelial cells with abundant eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm and centrally located round nuclei. Cytoplasm showed moderate reaction for PAS and glycogen and strong reaction for lipids in both breeds. Sinusoids were lined by endothelial and stellate marcophages (kupffer cells). Tunica mucosa of gall bladder was lined with simple columnar epithelium having mainly “light cells” with pale cytoplasm and few “dark cells” having dark and dense cytoplasm. The mean values of total protein, albumin, glucose and cholesterol were slightly less in non-descript goats as compared to Bakerwali goats and the mean values of ALP and GGT was significantly higher in Bakerwali goats. The mean values of LDH were higher in non-descript goat although statistically non-significant (P≤0.05).
  • Thumbnail Image
    ThesisItemOpen Access
    ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE THYROID GLAND IN BAKARWALI GOAT (CAPRA HIRCUS)
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2017) Dar, Mohd. Yousuf; Suri, Shalini
    The study was conducted on the thyroid gland of 36 Bakerwali goats divided into three age groups based on age. After conducting gross studies, histological, micrometrical and histochemical, ultrastructural observations were made from sections obtained from right lobe, left lobe and isthmus of the thyroid glands. The gland was bilobed, reddish brown in colour, elongated and elliptical in outline. The right lobe of the gland extended from posterior extremity of larynx to 5th tracheal ring while as left lobe extended from posterior extremity of larynx to 7th tracheal ring. The two lobes were connected by isthmus around the ventral aspect of trachea and position vary between 5th and 6th tracheal ring irrespective of age groups. The mean biometrical values increased between succeeding age groups. The isthmus was glandular band connected the lateral (right and left) lobes of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland was covered with distinct capsule, comprised of three layers: outer layer, middle layer and inner layer. The reticular fibers formed wire mesh like structure around the follicles. The small and medium size follicles were mostly seen in the peripheral zones whereas larger and abnormally large follicles were seen in the deeper zone of the gland. In prepubertal group only small and medium sized follicles were observed. In pubertal group, small, medium and large size follicles were seen while in senile group abnormally large size follicles were also reported besides the medium and large size follicles. The thyroid follicles were lined by epithelium which varied from squamous epithelium to high cuboidal or columnar with flattened to rounded well defined nuclei, respectively. The inactive follicles were usually large and active follicles were smaller in size irrespective of age groups. The parafollicular cells were characterized by light stained and basophilic cytoplasm. Various micrometrical parameters showed significant (P≤ 0.05) difference between prepubertal and senile age groups. Ultramicroscopic studies showed the cuboidal follicular cells with nucleus having heterochromatin concentrated marginally on the nuclear membrane as irregular layer in prepubertal group. In pubertal group scattered clumps of chromatin was observed in the nucleus. In senile group, the squamous epithelial cells with flattened nucleus, while cuboidal cells with rounded nuclei was observed. The content of neutral mucopolysaccharides, basic proteins and glycogen in thyroid gland increased with age. The level of T3 and T4 increased from prepubertal to pubertal group and then decreased in senile group.