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ThesisItem Open Access Genetic divergence Studies in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, 2023-11-23) Ali, Anayat; Kumar, SanjeevThe present investigation entitled “Genetic Divergence Studies in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) was conducted during the year 2022-2023 in the Experimental Field of Division of Vegetable Science. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with 20 genotypes. Data on 22horticultural traits was recorded as per standard procedure. Data on mean performance of genotypes revealed that Khanyari (SKUAST-K)was the highest yielder followed by Saag Kashmiri Munawari andKhanyari also performed better for other importantdesirable traits viz. plant height,number of leaves per plant, number of nodes per plant, number of pickings per plant, duration of picking. The analysis of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient variance revealed highermagnitude of PCV than the corresponding GCV for all characters which indicated effect ofenvironment on the trait expression. Highest PCV and GCV were obtained for number of siliqua per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance wasobserved for number of siliqua per plant showing the influence of additive gene action on thecharacters hence, may be useful for selection. Seed yield per plant with number of pickings per plant showed positive and significant correlation, leaf yield per plant and leaf yield per hectare showed negative and significant correlation with days to first leaf picking. Leaf length, plant height, no. of siliqua per plant and germination percentage showed maximum directeffect on seed yield per plant. Genetic diversity was evaluated using D2analysis. Seven differentconstellations were formed comprising of 17 genotype of Kale as three genotypes did not enter the reproductive phase. Maximum number ofplant progenies were present in Cluster I followed by Cluster II. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between Cluster II and Cluster IV, whereas maximum intra cluster distance was observed in Cluster II. Cluster III had maximum mean value for charactersviz, plant height, number of leaves per plant, no. of nodes per plant no. of pickings per plant, duration of pickings,leaf yield per plant, leaf yield per hectare and germination percentage. This indicated that plantprogenies from these clusters can be selected for specific economic characters for furtherutilization in hybridization programme.ThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and Management of Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii in Maize(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, 2023-11-23) Dar, Nisar Ahmad; Singh, A.K.The present research study entitled , “Epidemiology and Management of Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii in Maize” was carried out to study the various aspect of the disease i.e., status of BLSB and the relationship of weather parameters with disease development and manage the disease through host resistance and chemical means and biocontrol agents. During the Kharif seasons of 2021 and 2022, data revealed that the overall disease incidence and disease severity in the Jammu Division ranged from 24.54-38.82 per cent and 9.71-26.70 per cent with an overall mean disease incidence and disease severity of 31.46 and 19.53 per cent respectively.The BLSB of maize had a significantly negative correlation with maximum temperature, minimum temperature and non significantly positive correlation with rainfall and showed positive significantly correlation between morning and evening relative humidity.Among Ninety one maize cultivars/genotypes were screenedunder artificially epiphytotic conditionsonly three cultivars/genotypes were found resistant.Among nine fungicides, antibiotic and three biocontriol agents, trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole, fluxopyroxad+ difenocanozole and Trichoderma harzianumproved highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the test fungus (Rhizoctonia solani). Under artificial (field) conditions, the maximum per cent disease incidence was controlled by the treatments T9 (Trichoderma harzianum (ST) + Tebuconazole + Trifloxystrobin (FS)) (22.08 %) with per cent disease control of (56.64 %) and T11 (Trichoderma harzianum (ST) + Fluxapyroxad + Difenoconazole (FS) ) (23.95 %) (54.19) respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Seed Production Studies in Mid-season Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-17) Thakur, Anmol; Samnotra, R.K.88To work out the optimum date of transplanting, spacing and method of planting in midseason cauliflower, the present investigation was conducted on a popular local landrace namely SathiGobhi during the year 2022-2023. For marketable yield, the experiment was carried out with three spacings and three dates of transplanting,having 9 treatment combinations. For seed production purpose, two methods of seed production, three dates of transplanting and three spacings were tried. Both the experiments were replicated thrice in split plot design. For marketable yield, study revealed that 2nd date of transplanting i.e., 20th September was significantly superior for various growth and yield characters. Among spacings, 60 cm x 75 cm was significantly superior to all the growth parameters. However, at a spacing of 60 cm x 45 cm maximum curd yield (233.54q) was recorded.For seed purposes, the study revealed that transplanting on 20th September proved significantly superior for all seed yield characters except for days to 50% flowering and days to siliqua maturity. Among spacings, the parameters such as days to 50% flowering, days to siliqua maturity, number of siliqua per plant, seed yield per plant were recorded significantly superior at 60 cm x 75 cm spacing. However, characters such as seeds per siliqua, siliqua length, seed germination percentage, seed vigour index, were recorded significantly superior at a spacing of 60 cm x 60 cm. However, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per hectare (448.80 kg) were recorded significantly superior at 60 cm x 45 cm.Among different methods, in-situ method of planting was found significantly superior method with respect to most of the seed characters under study. In case of interaction, transplanting on 20th September following in-situ method significantly maximized seed yield per plant and seed yield per hectareThesisItem Open Access Effect of GA3 and Potassiumon the Yield and Quality Seed Production in Red Radish (Raphanu ssativus L.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-06) Ram, Ganesh; Chopra, SandeepAn experiment entitled, "Effect of GA3and Potassium on the Yield and Quality SeedProduction in Red Radish (RaphanussativusL.)" was carried out at Vegetable ExperimentalFarm, Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST Jammu during Rabi season of 2022-2023. Theexperiment was laid out under factorial RBD design with three replications comprising of sixteentreatments. The treatments consisted of four doses of Potassium i.e., 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg/ha and fourconcentrations viz. 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm of GA3. The growth and seed yield parameters maximum viz. shoot length (34.15 cm), root length(18.73 cm), number of leaves/root (14.30), root weight (220.49 g), shoot weight (119.47 g), root-shoot ratio (2.04), fresh root shoot yield (98.75 q/ha) plant height (183.24 cm), plant spread(112.73 cm), number of siliqua/plant (548.67), number of seed/siliqua (6.25), length of siliqua(5.90cm),1000-seedweight(9.55g),seedyield/plant(18.09g),seedyield/ha(2.19q/ha),germination percentage (93.13%), seed vigour index (249.06), minimum days to 50% flowering (42.44days) and days to seed harvest (111.79 days), were recorded with 200ppm GA3application. Similarly, highest shoot length (29.06 cm), root length (17.53 cm),number of leaves/root (11.18), root weight (171.67 g), shoot weight (104.84 g), root-shoot ratio(1.87), fresh root shoot yield (92.06 q/ha), plant height (150.51 cm), plant spread (104.09cm), number of siliqua/plant (548.67), number of seed/siliqua (5.55), length of siliqua (5.13 cm),1000 seed weight (9.12 g), seed yield/plant (15.16 g), seed yield/ha (1.88 q/ha), germination(86%),seed vigourindex(200.12)&minimum days to 50% flowering (47.93 days),minimum days to seed harvest (118.66 days)wererecordedwith 50kg/ha K2O application. However;highestrootlength(19.20cm), number of leaves/root(14.87),rootweight(226.14 g), shoot weight (123.54 g), root-shoot ratio (2.10), fresh root shoot yield (103.58 q/ha), number of siliqua/plant (555), number of seed/siliqua (6.33), length of siliqua (6.03 cm),1000-seed weight (9.80 g), seed yield/plant (18.50 g), seed yield/ha (2.26 q/ha), germination(95%), seed vigour index (255.33)& minimum days to 50% flowering (41.35 days), minimum days to seed harvest (109.35days) were recorded with treatment combinationG3K2(200 ppmGA3+ 50 K2O/ha). On basis of economics of the treatment combinations G3K2the highestgrossreturn(429900 /ha),netreturn(298389 /ha)and B:C ratio of 3.27.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of various organic amendments on growth, yield and seed quality of Knol-khol(Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-09) Kumari, Neha; Kumar, SateshTo find out the effect of different organic bulk and liquid manures on growth, yieldand seed quality of knol-khol, a field-experimentwas conducted at Centre for Organic and Natural Farming, Chatha during Rabi season of 2022-23. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (factorial) consisting of 02 factors viz., bulkmanuresandorganic liquid manures.Therewere20treatmentcombinations,with three replications.During vegetative stage of the crop,liquid manures (Panchagavya,Jeevamrut, Compost tea) were applied at 20 and 30 days after transplantingand again after 20 days of replanting of the knobs for seed production. Liquid manureswere sprayed at 3 percent concentration whereasbulk manures wereapplied at various dosages likeFYM20tonnes per hectare, vermicompost3tonnes per hectare; poultry manure2 tonnes per hectare and mustard cake2 tonnes per hectare,asbasaldosetothecrop.Results depicted that during vegetative stage, foliar applications of Compost tea + FYM recorded significantly higher growth and yield contributing parameters as compared to other treatments. This treatment was statistically at par with the treatment having Jeevamrut +FYM for knob diameter (8.12 cm) and days to 50% marketable maturity (40 days). At reproductive stage of the crop, Jeevamrut+ FYMshowed superiority with respect to days to 50% flowering (91 days), number of siliqua per plant (945), siliqua weight per plant (75.67g), seed weight per plant (50g) and seed yield per hectare(610kg).Studies further revealed that organic amendments could not influence soil chemical properties like pH, EC,OC except available nitrogen. In case of pest and disease incidence,no major incidence was observed during the entire crop cycle.Hence, based on one year study, it can be concluded that Compost tea with FYM, recorded significantly higher growth and yield parameters whereas for seed production, Jeevamrutwith FYM,resulted in maximum seed contributing parameters in knol-khol.ThesisItem Open Access Graft Compatibility Studies for Resistance to Root-Knot Nematode in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicumL.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-10-30) Chikkeri, Sachin S.; Kumar, SanjeevThe present investigation entitled“Graft Compatibility Studies for Resistance to Root-Knot Nematode in Tomato (SolanumlycopersicumL.)” was carried out in four experiments conducted under field and laboratory conditions. The study on screening of wild and cultivated Solanum genotypes against root-knot nematode was accomplished in collaboration withAICRP Nematodes, SKUAST-Jammu, Chatha in three phases, namely, field survey, laboratory and screen house. Out of eleven wild and cultivated species of Solanum screened, wild Solanum species namely Solanumtorvum was found highly resistantto Meloidogyne incognita while Solanumxanthocarpum, S. indicum and S. khasianum werefound resistant.Punjab Raunak and SJCT-01 showed moderately resistant reaction.The sixgenotypes (highly resistant, resistant and moderately resistant) were usedfor graft compatibility studies as rootstocks. Eight genotype (varieties/hybrids) were evaluated for horticultural traits at the Experimental Research Farm-I of Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST-Jammu, Chatha.On the basis of mean performance,ArkaSamrat and ArkaRakshak recorded the highest yield, maximum number of flower cluster per plant, flower per cluster and fruits per cluster as well as number of primary branches per plant and were selected as scionsfor the graft compatibility studies. The graft compatibility study was conducted in polyhouse of Experimental Research Farm-II, Division of Vegetable Science, Chatha with two tomato scionsviz.,ArkaSamrat and ArkaRakshak grafted onto six different rootstocks.Graft compatibility studies revealed that highest percentage of grafting success (100%) was recorded in graft combination ArkaSamrat on SJCT 01, ArkaSamrat on Punjab Raunak and ArkaRakshak on Punjab Raunak with 3.33, 4.00 and 4.33 days taken for healing of graft union respectively.Comparative performance of 12 different graft combinations along with non-grafted checks was evaluated at Experimental Research Farm-I of Division of Vegetable Science.The rootstocks viz., SJCT 01, Punjab Raunak and Solanumtorvumhavesignificantly influenced plant height for both the scions.The graft combination,ArkaRakshak on SJCT 01 recorded highest yieldper plant (3.37 kg), earliest flowering (36.83 days)among graft combinations and maximum number of fruits per cluster (5.56).ArkaSamrat grafted on SJCT 01 resulted in highest plant height (143.51 cm) and maximum number of primary branches per plant (9.47). The highest average fruit weight (149.40 g) and equatorial diameter (6.18 cm) was recorded in ArkaSamrat on Solanumtorvum Swartz. The graft combination ArkaSamrat on PunjabRaunak Swartz observed maximum number of fruits per plant (46.67). When recorded for the trait yield per plant ArkaSamrat on Punjab Raunak (2.22 kg), ArkaSamrat on SJCT 01 (1.51 kg), ArkaSamrat on Solanumtorvum Swartz (1.46 kg) and ArkaRakshak on Punjab Raunak (1.33 kg) performed statistically superior to both the checks.Suitable rootstocks identified for tomato were SJCT 01, Solanumtorvum Swartz and Punjab Raunak.These results showed that grafting could be an advantageous alternative in tomato production under root-knot nematode infected soils and could lay a solid foundation for further research.ThesisItem Open Access Varietal Response of Bio-inoculants for Yield and Biotic Stress Traits in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-10-20) Sharma, Parul; Chopra, SandeepThe present investigation entitled “Varietal Response of Bio-inoculants for Yield and Biotic Stress Traits in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)” was conducted during the year 2022-23 with the objectives (i) To study the effect of bio-inoculants on growth, yield and quality of various cultivars of pea. (ii) To study the effect of bio-inoculants on nodulation ability in various pea cultivars. (iii) To study the interactive effects of bio-inoculants and varieties on biotic stress traits. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design (Factorial). It comprised of two factors (a) Varieties (P-89, Arka Apoorva and Jammu Pea-1) and (b) Bio-inoculants (Azotobacter, Trichoderma viridae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium leguminosarum and Bacillus subtilis) + Control. Eighteen treatment combinations were taken and replicated three times in 54 plots. The study revealed that minimum days to 50% flowering (73.72), maximum plant height (101.38 cm.), minimum days to marketable green pod maturity (99.11), maximum number of seeds per pod (8.17), maximum pod weight (5.49 g.), maximum number of pods per plant (18.17), maximum green pod yield (128.38 q/ha), maximum productivity index (46.87), maximum TSS content (15.45°Brix), maximum dry matter content (22.13%), maximum protein content (21.74%) and maximum number of nodules per plant (55.35) were recorded in V₃ (Jammu Pea-1). Similarly, maximum internodal distance (6.66 cm.), plant height (101.23 cm.), number of seeds per pod (8.33), pod weight (5.64 g.), number of pods per plant (19.00), green pod yield (128.94 q/ha),productivity index (48.21), TSS content (14.74°Brix), dry matter content (22.58%), protein content (21.95), number of nodules per plant (58.77) and size of nodules (1.87 mm.) were recorded in B₄ (Rhizobium leguminosarum). However, among all the treatment combinations, minimum days to 50% flowering (72.67), maximum internodal distance (7.06 cm.), maximum plant height (111.09 cm.), minimum days to marketable green pod maturity (98.00), maximum number of seeds per pod (9.33), maximum pod weight (6.46 g.), maximum pods per plant (22.00), maximum green pod yield (147.33 q/ha), maximum productivity index (55.71), maximum protein content (23.00%), maximum number of nodules per plant (63.59), highest gross return (₹ 383058), highest net return (₹ 281704) and highest B:C ratio (2.77) were recorded in V₃B₄ (Jammu Pea-1 + Rhizobium leguminosarum).ThesisItem Open Access Effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth, yield and quality in garlic (Allium sativum L.)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-01) Rani, Diksha; Kumar, ManojAn experiment titled “Effect of foliar application of zinc and boron on growth, yield and quality in garlic (Allium sativum L.)” was carried out during the Rabi season 2022-23 at Vegetable Experimental Farm of SKUAST-Jammu.Garlic genotype SJG-16-01 was used for the experiment and sowing was done in month of October, 2022 within plot size of 2m×2m with spacing of 15 cm × 10 cm. The experiment consisted of 16 treatments, replicated thrice in Randomized Complete Block Design. Foliar application of zinc sulphate and borax was done at 45 and 60 days after planting with concentrations of 0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75% alone and in combination. Vegetative growth data were recorded at various time intervals to study the growth of crop with application of zinc sulphateand borax. After 120 days of planting, foliar application of ZnSo4 @ 0.5% resulted in maximum plant height (59.53 cm), leaf length (51.08 cm), number of leaves per plant (7.73) and leaf area index (3.86) over control. Neck thickness (1.04 cm), bulb weight (31.00 g), number of cloves per bulb (26.30), 10 clove weight (11.29 g), polar diameter (4.20 cm), equatorial diameter (4.40 cm), yield per plot (3.73 kg), yield per hectare (74.40 q) were found maximum with ZnSo4 0.5%+Borax 0.25%. Similarly, TSS (33.00ºBrix) and ascorbic acid content in clove (11.60 mg/100g) were also found maximum with ZnSo4 0.5%+ Borax 0.25%. Economically, this treatment also resulted in the highest gross returns of ₹ 3,72,000 and net returns of ₹ 2,75,686 with benefit-cost ratio of 2.86. Therefore, it can be concluded that zinc sulphate (0.5%) and borax (0.25%) in combination when applied after 45 and 60 days of planting, increased yield and quality of the garlic under subtropical conditions of Jammu.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Intercropping on Growth, Productivity and Profitability in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-01) Sharma, Saurabh; Samnotra, R.K.The present investigation entitled "Influence of Intercropping on Growth, Productivity and Profitability in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)" was carried out at Vegetable Experimental Farm, Division of Vegetable Science, SKUAST, Chatha, Jammu during rabi season of 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications comprising of fifteen treatments. The treatment combination (s) comprised of eight sole crop treatments, namely, T1-Cabbage, T2- Knol-khol, T3-Spinach beet,T4- Swiss chard, T5 –Lettuce, T6 – Fenugreek,T7- Coriander andT8- Radish and seven intercrop treatments, namely, T9- Cabbage + Knol-khol, T10- Cabbage + Spinach beet, T11- Cabbage + Swiss chard,T12- Cabbage + Lettuce, T13- Cabbage + Fenugreek, T14- Cabbage + Coriander, T15- Cabbage + Radish. Based on the investigation, it has been found that in case of cabbage as sole and in intercropping system, sole treatment of cabbagerecorded minimum number of days (99.33 days) for marketable headformation, a higher plant height(27.25cm), maximum number of non-wrapper leaves per plant (18.21),maximum average head weight (890.42 g) and a higher yield (192.90q/ha) as compared to the intercropping treatmentswhereinCabbage + Lettucerecorded minimum plant height (21.11cm) , minimum number of non-wrapper leaves per plant (11.59), minimum marketable head weight (409.45g) and minimum yield (65.80 q/ha). The cabbage + fenugreek (T13) treatment combination has provided the highest values for LER (1.66),MAI(102.79) and Production Efficiency (2.55q/ha/day) whereas cabbage + coriander (T14) had the highest CEY (344.41 q/ha).On the basis of economics of the treatments, cabbage + coriander (T14)recorded the highest gross returns (Rs. 688830 /ha), net returns (Rs. 573232 /ha) and B:C ratio (4.95). Hence, inclusion of leafy vegetables like coriander and fenugreek intercropped in cabbage may provides additional income for farmers than growing sole crop of cabbage.
