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Subject: Post Harvest Technology ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF POSTHARVEST TREATMENTS ON STORAGE LIFE OF PEACH [PRUNUS PERSICA (L.) BATSCH]
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2004) Bakshi, Parshant; Masoodi, F.A.
    Peach has a limited postharvest life because of its high moisture content and metabolic activities that take place in the fruit during its postharvest phase. Loss of moisture, shrivelling, fungal and bacterial diseases, pest infestation and physiological disorders are some major postharvest problems of peach. Under ordinary conditions of storage the life of the fruit does not exceed beyond 3-5 days. Storage of the fruit under refrigerated conditions could extend its postharvest life but fruit suffers from chilling injury when stored at Jow temperatures for prolonged periods. With the aforesaid background under consideration the present investigation was undertaken with the objectives of increasing the postharvest life of the fruit and lowering down the postharvest storage disorders. The study was undertaken by conducting three different experiments. In the first experiment, perforation coefficient of packaging material was standardized. On the basis of observations of various quality parameters, it was found that a perforation coefficient of 251 mm holes/m2 was suitable for storage of fruit. In the second experiment perforation coefficient standardized in the earlier experiment was used for packaging of the fruit, and the fruit was stored under refrigerated conditions with and without packaging. In order to overcome chilling injury fruit was subjected to intermittent warming after specific time intervals. The results of the study revealed that an intermittent warming treatment after 5 or 10 days was required to overcome chilling injury if the fruit is to be stored for more than 2 weeks. However, there is no need of intermittent warming if the fruit is to be marketed within 2 weeks. In the third experiment, the fruit was subjected to various types of heat treatments by using hot water and moist hot air. It was found that heat treatment had no remarkable beneficial effects in prolonging the postharvest life of the fruit. The present investigation can be helpful in designing the packaging of fruit for its refrigerated storage. The changes in various quality parameters of the fruit, like physical, chemical and sensory characteristics, were studied during its storage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF GIRDLING, THINNING AND GA3 ON FRUIT GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF GRAPES (VITIS VINIFERA L.) CV. PERLETTE
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2003) Ahmad, Masroor; Kaul, Raj Kumari
    Present investigation was carried out at research orchard of Division of Pomology and Post Harvest Technology,Udheywalla, SKUAST-Jammu during 2002 to ascertain the effect of girdling, thinning and GA3 on fruit growth, yield, quality and shelf life of grapes cv. Perlette. Growth pattern of berry revealed that berry takes 52 days after fruit set (DAFS) or 69 days to mature under agro-climatic conditions of Jammu region. In general berry showed a double sigmoid nature of growth curve with verasion stage at 38 DAFS. All the treatments resulted in improved yield and quality. However, girdling + 40ppm GA3 proved significantly most effective in increasing the berry size (1.88cmx 1.80cm), berry weight (3.05g), berry volume (2.73cc), bunch size (16.85cmx 14.33cm), bunch weight (495.73g) and average yield (8.87kg/vine) as compared to the control having berry size, berry weight, berry volume, bunch size, bunch weight and average yield as 1.69cmx 1.66cm, 2.23g, 2.06cc, 13.83cmx9.25cm, 292.34g and 5.32kg/vine respectively. The shot berries were significantly reduced by girdling+thinning+40 ppm GA3 (10.08%) as compared to control (13.45%). The quality of the grapes was improved significantly by girdling + 40ppm GA3 showing TSS (17.00%), TSS/Acid ratio (24.18), total sugars (15.04%) and reducing sugars (13.00%) as compared to control having TSS, TSS/acid ratio, total sugars and reducing sugars as 14.47%, 17.09, 14.02% and 11.86% respectively with an acidity of 0.689% with this treatment as compared to control (0.808%). At room temperature, significant reduction in physiological loss in weight was recorded under girdling + 40ppm GA3 treatment (9,42%) as compared to control (22.31%) on third day of storage, but after wards the berries were sunken and shattered and were unmarketable under all the treatments including control. From this investigation it was concluded that trunk girdling +40ppm GA3 was effective in increasing the yield, quality and shelf life of grapes cv. Perlette under agro-climatic conditions of Jammu region.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    IN VITRO PROPAGATION STUDIES ON CITRUS SPP.
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2006) Kour, Kiran; Kher, Ravi
    The present investigations were carried out at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashtnir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Udheywalla, Jammu during the year 2004-2006 to study the various aspects of in vitro propagation of Citrus spp. The nodal segments of 2-3 weeks old newly grown flushes from 10-12 year old mature trees were used as explant. Two step sterilization procedure involving 70 per cent ethanol and 0.1 per cent mercuric chloride for 30 seconds and 8 minutes respectively, resulted in maximum per cent culture establishment and minimum contamination in both C. jambhiri and C. sinensis cv. Mosambi. The time taken for culture establishment was less and per cent culture establishment was more in BAP 1.5 mg/l with malt extract for C. jambhiri, whereas BAP 1.0 mg/l with malt extract 500 mg/l proved to be best for C. sinensis cv. Mosambi. In Citrus jambhiri, BAP 1.0 mg/1 in combination with malt extract 500 mg/1; BAP 1.5 mg/1 with malt extract 500 mg/1 and BAP 1.5 mg/1 along with Kinetin 0.5 mg/1 showed 100 per cent multiple shoots in all the cultures during proliferation. However, BAP 1.5 mg/1 with 500 mg/1 malt extract showed the maximum number of shoots per culture (5.34), while maximum length of longest shoot (2.31 cm) and more number of leaves (9.31) on longest shoot were recorded in BAP 1.0 mg/1 with malt extract 500 mg/1, whereas in case of Mosambi BAP 0.5 mg/1 with malt extract 500 mg/1; BAP 1.0 mg/1 with malt extract 500 mg/1 and BAP 1.0 mg/1 in combination with Kinetin 0.5 g/1 showed cent per cent multiple shoots during proliferation. BAP 1.0 mg/1 with malt extract 500 mg/1 showed maximum number of shoots and more number of leaves on longest shoot. The combination of BAP 1.5 mg/1 with malt extract 500 mg/1 showed maximum multiplication of shoots in all the three continuous sub-culturing done at 6 weeks interval in C. jambhiri, whereas BAP 1.0 mg/1 along with malt extract 500 mg/1 resulted in highest shoot multiplication in C. sinensis cv. Mosambi during sub-culturing. The MS medium (half-strength) supplemented with 1BA with NAA, 1.0 mg/1 each, and gelled with agar 0.4 per cent took lesser days for root initiation (16.51) with highest rooted culture 83.33 per cent, while more number of roots per shoot 2.47, maximum length of longest root and shoot and more number of leaves per shoot (4.67) were recorded in same combination in C. jambhiri. Agar (0.4 per cent), sucrose (3.0 per cent) and pH 5.8 were proved to be best for rooting of C. jambhiri plantlets. Covering the plantlets with glass beaker individually and kept in AC culture room proved to be the best hardening treatment, whereas a combination of soil:sand:FYM (1:1:1) was the best potting mixture as this resulted in the maximum survivability (93.33 per cent), height and more number of leaves per plantlet. Glycerol 50 per cent was proved to be the best anti-transpirant as it resulted in maximum per cent plant survival (83.33 per cent). The unit cost of plantlet upto polyhouse stage, based on the 1,00,000 plantlets capacity of the production unit was estimated to be Rs. 2.54, whereas the estimated production cost of a field-grown seedling of C. jambhiri was Rs. 4.48.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON CHEMICALLY MANIPULATED REGENERATION CAPACITY AND COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF SOME STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA x ANANASSA DUCH) CULTIVARS
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2002) Khajuria, Ashwani Kumar; Sharma, R.M.
    The present study on chemical manipulation in regeneration capacity and comparative performance of some strawberry cultivars, was conducted at Krishi Vigyan Kendra Farm, R.S. Pura, Jammu, during 2000-2001. The whole programme of study was divided into two experiments. Experiment 1 relates to find out the best chemical alongwith its concentration in relation to regeneration of two strawberry cultivars viz. Chandler and Gorella under Jammu plains which were treated through foliar spray in June with several chemicals (GA3 - 25, 50 & 75 ppm; BAP - 15, 30 & 45 ppm, Urea - 0.5,1.0 & 1.5%, Boron - 50,100,150 ppm and control -water spray. Experiment 2. relates to select ttie best cultivar (s) for commercial cultivation under same condition of Jammu, out of 8 cultivars (Addie, Belrubi, Chandler, Brighton, Confitura, Fern, Gorella and Selva) tested during the course of investigations. Present study reveals that the application of 45 ppm BAP tended to increase the highest number of runner trains/plant (3.97), length of runner train (49.00 cm) and total number of runner (11.89), while its lowest concentration (15 ppm) proved its superiority in respect of number of runners per train (3.70). Average number of leaves/mother (12.58) and runner (7.20), leaf area of mother (49.83 cm2) and runner (40.69 cm2) plant were registered with the use of 75 ppm GA3. The application of 1.5% urea showed the highest photosynthetic effictency (4.33 μg). Other parameters relating to root studies like number of roots in mother (48.93) and runner (39.46) plants were recorded to be the highest with the use of 150 ppm boron. The same concentration of boron also showed the longest roots (17.03cm) next to 45 ppm BAP (17.58cm). In most of the cases, Gorella was statistically superior than Chandler in respect to regeneration capacity under these conditions. In second experiment, Selva cultivar was about one week late in respect to start of flowering as compared to other cultivars. The highest values for number of flowers per plant (16.40) and number of fruits per plant (13.87), fruit length (2.44 cm) alongwith lowest fruit malfomnation (25.56%) were recorded in the Belrubi whereas Gorella showed the highest average fruit weight (7.84 g), yield (81.90 g/plant), total sugars (7.08%) and TSS (9-10%) contents. The fruits of Belrubi were more acidic (0.86%) than other cultivars tested. The organoleptic rating for consumer acceptability was highest with Gorella followed by Belrubi and Chandler. From these results it can be concluded that use of 45 ppm BAP can be useful for regenerating the strawberry in subtropical parts of Jammu region. Gorella is promising cultivar for this zone in respect to regeneration capacity as well as for production. In addition to that, Belrubi and Chandler may also be recommended for commercial cultivation in this region.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF PROPAGATION METHODS AND PINCHING ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CAPE GOOSEBERRY (PHYSALIS PERUVIANA L.)
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2005) Malla, Abid Ali; Sharma, R.M.
    The present investigation on "Effect of propagation methods and pinching on growth, yield and quality of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)" was undertaken in the nursery block of division of Pomology and Post Harvest Technology, FOA, SKUAST-J, Udheywalla, Jammu, during 2004-2005. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The primary objective of this investigation was to devise a successful propagation method and to identify a pinching height that would optimize productivity and fruit quality. Two propagation methods viz., seedling and cutting and five pinching heights viz., 20 cm, 30 cm, 40 cm, 50 cm and control, were tested in the present studies. The plants raised through cutting showed better performance in respect of growth characters viz., plant height (92.95 cm), number of primary (8.22) and secondary (24.55) shoots, number of leaves per plant (281.99), photosynthetic efficiency (1.45 mg/cm2/day) and leaf chlorophyll content (26.47 mg /gm fresh weight) than seedlings. Earlier flowering (71.13 days after transplanting) and picking (50.49 days after fruit set) were also observed in plants multiplied through cuttings. Further it was found that plants propagated through cuttings produced fruits of superior quality (physico-chemical characters) in terms of fruit length (23.00 mm), diameter (25.33 mm) and weight (7.19 gm), number of fruits / plant (43.81), fruit yield / plant (319.17 gm) as well as / ha (31.91 q), total sugars (8.03 %), reducing sugars (5.14 %), titratable acidity (1.50 %), juice percentage (61.67 %), carotenoid content (7.85 mg / gm fresh weight), than the fruits harvested from seedlings. All the pinching treatments reduced the plant height significantly in comparison to control (106.19 cm), however, the plants pinched at 20 cm above the ground reduced the plant height to 72.18 cm. Among the five pinching treatments, the plants pinched at 40 cm height, recorded the highest values for the number of primary (9.45) and secondary (28.11) shoots, number of leaves / plant (321.57), photosynthetic efficiency (1.54 mg /cm2 / day) and leaf chlorophyll content (33.41 mg / gm fresh weight). The plants pinched at 20 cm plant height took the lowest number of days for the emergence of first flower (75.52 days after transplanting) and first picking (51.57 days after fruit set). Out of all pinching treatments, the fruits picked from the plants pinched at 40 cm plant height were best in quality in respect of various physicochemical characters viz., fruit length (24.17 mm), diameter (27.00 mm) and weight (9.08 gm), number of fruits / plant (42.80), fruit yield / plant (393.48 gm) as well as / ha (39.34 q), TSS (15.73 %), total sugars (9.98 %), reducing sugars (6.10 %), non-reducing sugars (3.59 %), TSS : acid ratio (12.51), juice content (69.79 %), carotenoids (9.90 mg / gm fresh weight), pectin content (1.70 %) and vitamin C content (79.24 mg / 100 ml juice).