Loading...
Theses
Browse
11 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Study on management practices in migratory and sedentary goat population of north-western himalayan region(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2024-03-28) Pareek, Anmol; Khan, AsmaThe present study was aimed to analyse managemental practices between migratory and sedentary goat population of North-West Himalayan region. For this general managemental practices followed by farmers were documented. The physiological and biochemical parameters of animals along with relative mRNA expression of genes related to inflammasome components, heat shock response (HSR), pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, antioxidative enzymes of migratory and sedentary goat herds were also studied. In this study, it was evident that managemental practices adopted by migratory herds were traditional in nature lacking recent scientific practices as compared to sedentary herds. Comparison of somatic cell counts among different goat breeds revealed lower count in Gaddi (<1x105 cells/ml) and Bakarwali (1-2x105 cells/ml) breeds and moderately high (2-5 x105 cells/ml) in Beetal breed. Significant difference in faecal egg count (FEC/gm) was found between Gaddi and Bakarwali, Bakarwali and Beetal whereas no significant difference was found between Gaddi and Beetal. Observation on physiological parameters revealed no significant difference among breeds. Among biochemical parameters significant difference among breeds was found for serum albumin concentration and sodium ion concentration. Relative expression pattern of inflammatory genes showed that mRNA level of ASC gene increased after grazing in both breeds. The relative mRNA expression of HSPA1L expression significantly (p<0.05) decreased after grazing. HSPA8 expression was significantly (p<0.01) increased after grazing in both breeds. Among pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines INFG expression was significantly increased (p<0.05) after grazing. In anti-oxidant enzymes, GPX showed significant increase (p<0.05) in both breeds.ThesisItem Open Access COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF ALOE VERA GEL AND POWDER SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF MALE KADAKNATH CHICKEN UNDER HEAT STRESS CONDITION(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2024-03-28) Malik, Sohrab; Amrutkar, SurajThe present study compares the effect of Aloe vera gel and powder supplementation on the performance of male Kadaknath chicken under heat stress condition (n=120). Male Kadaknath birds (33 weeks old)were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups, each group having 3 replicas of 8 birds. All the birds were fed maize-soya basal diet ad-libitum for 90 days, but in T1 and T2 group additional feed supplement i.e Aloe vera powder @ 0.5% and 1% was supplemented in the feed and in case of T3 and T4 group, the birds were supplemented with 0.5% and 1% Aloe vera gel in the drinking water, respectively. The experimental trial lasted for 90 days. Results revealed that semen volume, semen pH, semen concentration, live sperm count was significantly higher (P< 0.05) in T4 group as compared to rest of the group, where as dead sperm count and abnormal sperm was higher in control group. Haematological parameters viz. blood pH, H/L ratio and PCV % was seen higher in control group. Plasma glucose level was observed less in T4 group where as sodium and potassium level were seen higher in T4 group. Cloacal temperature and respiration rate was seen significantly lower (P<0.01) in T4 group. Drop in the body weight change was seen in control group, feed intake was significantly lower in control group as compared to T1, T2, T3 and T4 group. Water intake was significantly higher (P< 0.01) in control group. It may be concluded that 1% Aloe vera gel supplementation is better to ameliorate the negative effect of heat stress in adult male Kadaknath chicken.ThesisItem Open Access Study on the effect of management and genetic factors on parasitic burden in goats of Jammu district.(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology-Jammu (J&K, 2022-09-19) Sharma, Divya; Brahma, BiswajitThe present study was carried out to analyze the effect of management practices in beetal and bakarwali goat breeds of Jammu district. A survey of 250 farmer households was conducted to gather the information on the rearing system, feedingsystems, health management systems using a questionnaire. Faecal samples were collected from animals to analyze the egg count and blood samples were collected from animals having severe infection load. Tissue samples were also collected from animals having infestation of adult parasites. Gene expression for proinflammatory cytokines was also analyzed. A significant association of parasitic burden on hematological parameters like hemoglobin concentration, MCH, MCV, MCHC, TLC, monocytes and lymphocytes (p<.05) was observed and production systems was observed. The management parameters like rearing system, deworming schedule, farm disinfection, seasonal incidence show a significant effect(p<.05) on egg per gram and oocyst per gram of faeces.The study concluded that management parameters like housing deworming rearing system feeding systems seasonal management can significantly affect prevalence of parasitic diseases in these goats.ThesisItem Open Access A study on the effect of thermal stress on the immune status of goats in sub tropical region of Jammu(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology-Jammu (J&K), 2022-10-25) Kousar, Farwa; Konwar, DipanjaliThe present study was conducted to delineate the period of thermal stress in goats of sub-tropical region of Jammu.The study was carried out for a period of 12 months (July 2021 to June 2022). Physiological parameters (rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate) were measured and blood samples were collected at THI(47-50 and 65-80).The rectal temperature (RT) and pulse rate (PR) showed a very significant (p76 caused severe stress ingoats in sub tropical region of Jammu.ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study on performance evaluation of Kadaknath chicken under intensive and semi-intensive rearing system in sub-tropical region of Jammu(Sher-e-KashmirUniversityofAgriculturalSciences& Technology-Jammu (J&K), 2022-11-07) Kour, Harneet; Khan, AsmaThe current study was conducted on Kadaknath to evaluate their growth performance under intensive and semi-intensive rearing systems. There were 60 chicks in each system with 3 replicate of 20 chicks.The birds were reared up to the age of sexual maturity (21 weeks). The mean body weight attained, feed intake and feed conversion ratio in intensive and semi-intensive system at 21 weeks of age were; 1581±51.18gand 1426.17±47.43g; 14167.11±22.01g and 11174.67±34.51g; and 8.11±0.67 and 6.65±0.31 respectively and varied significantly in both rearing systems. Carcass quality characteristics viz. dressing percentage, bursa weight, thymus weight and spleen weight in intensive and semi-intensive system at the end of 21 weeks were 66.92±1.82% and 63.19±1.88%; 1.99±0.24g and 1.65±0.13g; 3.69±0.69g and 2.55±0.38g; 1.70±0.19g and 1.64±0.13g respectively. The results of sensory evaluation and texture were comparable for both systems. Blood biochemical observation for glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin and A: G ratio at 21 weeks were 245.64±1.0.11mg/dl and 233.17±1.30mg/dl; 3.65±0.12g/dl and 3.53±0.6g/dl; 2.53±0.12g/dl and 2.49±0.15g/dl; 1.45±0.11g/dl and 1.42±0.08g/dl; 1.84±0.24 and 1.82±0.20. Enzyme activity of ALT, AST, ALP were found to be 19.21±0.15U/L and 18.88±0.59U/L; 121.57±0.41U/L and 119.95±0.36U/L; 104.43±0.22U/L and 103.82±0.32U/L respectively. The length of digestive tract which was found to be comparable in two treatments except for the length of small intestine which was found to be more in semi-intensive system. Histological studies revealed increased length and width of intestinal villi and increased depth of crypts of the chicks reared in semi-intensive then in intensive system of rearing. Benefit cost ratio for intensive rearing system is 0.58and for semi-intensive system is 0.70. The results suggested that Kadaknath could be reared economically in semi-intensive system as compared to intensive system.ThesisItem Open Access A comparative study on the effect of managemental and genetic factors on health profile of Beetal and Bakarwali breeds of goat(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K), 2022-09) Sharma, Vanshika; Brahma, BiswajitThis study was designed to study the effect of different managemental conditions and genetic factors on herd health of goat of Jammu region. A survey of 200 households was conducted and information on goat breed, herd sizes, common and prevalent diseases, management practices and health management were collected using a questionnaire. Faecal samples, milk samples and blood samples were collected from apparently healthy animals for analysis of egg count, somatic cell count and amplification of TLR 7 and TLR 9 genes. The average EPG in normal, mild and severe levels of parasitic burden were recorded.In normal category approximately half (54.81%) of sampled faeces were negative for presence of any parasitic eggs. In mild category, one third (33.33%) of the samples were just above threshold (~200 EPG) of normal category. In severe category, the EPG count ranged from 500-850, however, the number of such severe prevalence was less. No significant (p<0.01) association of parasitic burden level and somatic cell count in milk was found. The study concluded that somatic cell count in goat breeds of the region was with in permissible limit however significant variations were found over locations and breeds. High prevalence of parasitism was observed. Partial sequences of TLR7 and TLR9 genes showed some nucleotide variations with no major changes in amino acid sequences.ThesisItem Open Access Study on analysis of managemental caveats for prevalence and resurgence of Peste-des- petits ruminants (PPR) in goat breeds of foothill region of Jammu(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K), 2022-10-20) Kour, Harsimar Preet; Brahma, BiswajitThis study was designed to analyze the management caveats that are responsible for the occurrence of viral disease peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) among the goat farmers. A total of 250 households were surveyed for collecting information on management practices of goat in a predesigned questionnaire. The survey included collection of information on managemental practices, health and vaccination status of the animal as well as farmer’s knowledge and awareness regarding this disease. Survey was done through direct interview explaining the questions in local language to the farmers. Nasal swabs of suspected PPR cases were collected and were preserved in trizol till further processing. Confirmation of PPR cases were done by partial amplification of nucleocapsid genes of PPR virus in end-point and real time polymerase chain reaction. The major managemental caveats that were identified in the study were lack of awareness on deworming, vaccination, disinfection and quarantine measures amongst the farmers. Study revealed a low (3.33%) incidence rate of PPR amongst the collected samples. The incidence pattern was sporadic and no resurgence trend of PPR was obvious in these districts.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON THE STATUS OF UDDER HYGIENE AND TREND OF ANTIBIOTIC USAGE IN DAIRY ANIMALS OF JAMMU REGION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH MICROBIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K), 2022-06-22) Jeelani, Rakhshan; Khan, Dr AsmaDairy cattle farmers need healthy animals and good milk production. Udder health is greatly desirous for cow health and is directly associated to the quality and quantity of milk produced. The present study was commenced to check the status of udder hygiene and trend of usage of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in dairy animals of Jammu region. The study included evaluation of hygienic standards of udder and milk of dairy animals, raised under different managemental practices and pattern of microbial resistance in dairy animals. Information on the usage of antibiotics was collected from outdoor records of government hospitals and the records of wholesale distributors for the period 2015-2021. Different antibiotics were categorised into six major class of commercially available antibiotics (Beta-lactums, floroquinolones, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, sulphonamide, and nitroimidazole). Data on wholesale distribution of antibiotics for seven districts (Jammu, Samba, Kathua, Doda, Bhaderwah, Kishtwar, Pounch and Rajori) of Jammu region was collected from the office of Deputy Drug Controller, Drug and Food Control Organisation, Jammu. A total of 30 households keeping dairy animals (herd size >10) were selected for collection of information on managemental practices. These households were randomly selected and spanned over 13 villages and peri-urban areas. To study the physico-chemical and microbiological properties of milk, a total of 100 milk samples were collected from these selected households. The Standard plate count and coliform count of all milk samples was determined using standard technique. The confirmation of Staphylococcus spp. and coliform organisms were confirmed by rDNA sequencing. The antimicrobial resistance pattern of prevalent organisms were determined by disk-diffusion method, determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and amplification of resistant genes. The study revealed that the usage of beta lactum was highest followed by floroquinolones and aminoglycosides. There has been a remarkable increase in sale and usage of antibiotics in the region for dairy production. Udder hygiene score was satisfactorily fair in studied animals which has significant association with log SPC and log CC. There was a high prevalence of methicillin and tetracycline resistance among E. coli and S. aureus of udder origin. A high percentage (60%) of the isolates showed resistance to two or more than two classes of antibiotics with high prevalence of methicillin and tetracycline resistance. Methicilin resistance was more prevalent in Gram positive Staphylococci, whereas tetracycline resistance was frequent in both Gram positive Staphylococci and Gram negative E. coli. Abundance of tetracycline resistant (Tet A, Tet O and Tet M) and Methicillin resistant (MecA, MecI and MecR) genes were fairly common in E. coli and S. aureus of udder origin.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of organic teat sanitizers on Udder hygiene and milk quality of dairy animals(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2022-01-10) Singh, Puneet Pal; Khan, AsmaThe present study was aimed to know condition of udder hygiene in lactating dairy animals of Jammu region and to study effect of organic teat sanitizers on udder health. The present study was conducted in Jammu district (32.73ON 74.87O E) that spread over 10 Blocks viz. R.S.Pura, Satwari, Jammu North, Miran Sahib, Marh, Mandal, Suchetgarh, Jammu South, Jammu West and tehsil Jammu. From each block, 15 dairy farmers were selected and from these ten cows were randomly picked for collection of milk sample, thus giving a sample size of 100 for studying the cow side tests, somatic cell and total bacterial count. The udder hygiene status was studied by means of physical examination of udder and analysis of milk samples. The results obtained gave elaborate understandings of the udder hygiene practices followed by the dairy owners and its impact on the quality of milk. The results of the percentage distribution shows that nearly half of the dairy farmers under the study practice pre-milking cleaning of animal. The study of survey data revealed a large number of dairy owners (83%) wash hands before milking. The effect of pre-milking cleaning on CMT,SCC, SPC and CC for the cleaning of animals with water before milking in dairy animals were 1.30±0.23, 5.43±0.69, 6.15±0.11 and 6.63±0.86, respectively. The study also showed significant association of udder hygiene score on CMT, SCC, SPC and CC suggesting monitoring udder hygiene could a good managemental practice to assess udder health condition of animals. The effect of organic teat sanitizers was evaluated on CMT, SCC, SPC and CC of dairy animals. The results showed significant reduction of CMT score but no significant effects was observed on parameters such as SCC, SPC and CC, however there was decrease in values with progression of experiment. Thus further studies are required for more sound conclusions.
