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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding ×

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 54
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic analysis of yield traits in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea(L.) Czern.&Coss.]
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-01) Kumari, Lalita; Rai, S.K.
    The study titled "Genetic analysis of yield traits in Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.]" was conducted during the Rabi seasons of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at the experimental farm of the division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, as well as the molecular laboratory of the divisionof Plant Breeding and Genetics at SKUAST, Jammu. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the 40 advanced breeding lines/ genotypes across two seasons for all studied traits. Highest GCV and PCV, high heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for seed yield per plant and number of secondary branches per plant in both the seasons. Highest divergence occurred between cluster IV (DRMR-4005, Kranti & RH-1209) and cluster V (PM-195)followed by cluster II (PM-125) and IV (DRMR-4005, Kranti & RH-1209). Seed yield per plant contributed maximum to the diversity followed by main shoot length and siliqua length. The genotypes under study were also characterized for genetic diversity with the help of 10 SSR markers. Among them, 4 were polymorphic, with the PIC value ranging from 0.44 - 0.75. The Jaccard’s similarity coefficient also diversified the genotypes into 5 clusters with cluster II carrying only two genotypes i.e., RSPR-01 and RH-406. The examination of both morphological and molecular aspects has unveiled a noteworthy extent of genetic diversity within advanced breeding lines/ genotypes which can be used as parents in further breeding programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Characterization of Basmati Mutant Breeding Lines for Semidwarfand Bacterial Leaf Blight Resistance Genes
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-08-25) Sharif, Sehroz; Singh, Praveen
    The present investigation entitled “Characterization of Basmati Mutant Breeding Lines for Semidwarf and Bacterial Leaf Blight ResistanceGenes” to characterize rice mutant lines for morphophysiological and qualitative traits and to identify semidwarf and bacterial leaf blight resistant genes. The experiment was conducted in Research Farm and Molecular Laboratory of Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding and School of Biotechnology, SKUAST-JammuChatha, during Kharif 2022. Eighteen mutant linesincluding three check varieties viz., Basmati 370, Ranbir Basmati and Saanwal Basmati were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design in three replications. Phenotypic screening for bacterial leaf blight resistance and semidwarfwas conducted under natural field conditions and using gene specific markers under laboratory condition. Theanalysis of variance indicated significant differences among all rice mutant lines for all the characters under studythat indicating that significant variation exists among mutant lines. Phenotypic variance being relatively greater than genotypic variance suggesting that environment has a role in the expression of the trait.High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in plant height and days to maturity, depicts the characters to be having additive gene action and can be used in selection.xa13 gene was found in thirteen mutant lines and it was absent in five mutant lines including checks.xa5gene was found in fifteen mutant lines whereas, it was absent in three mutant lines including checks.Xa21gene was found in six mutant lines whereas it was absent in twelve mutant lines including checks.sd1 gene was found in thirteen mutant linesusing two marker sd1and Sd1stswhereas, it was absent in five mutant lines including checks. The mutant lines MT-7-3, MT-9-1, MT-9-4, MT9-5 and MT-10 were found to be superior for grain yield and aroma and also had resistant gene for bacterial leaf blight and semidwarf.Thesemutant lines can further be utilized for basmati improvement programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Diversity Analysis of Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.) with respect to its seed traits
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-17) Sharma, Divya; Chauhan, D.K.
    Present study entitled, “Genetic Diversity Analysis of Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.) with respect to its seed traits” was carried out in the field of PBG, of SKUAST-Jammuduring Rabi season 2022-23. The investigation was carried out with an aim to discriminate the mustard genotypes using seed and plant characters and to determine the genetic diversity among Brassica genotypes.The experiment was sown on plot size of 7.2m2 using Randomised Complete Block Design with 3 replications. Each treatment was sown in rows with length of 4m. The ANOVA for all the different characters showed significant differences at 5% level of significance for all the 12 traits. This suggests that genetic variability is present in all the genotypes.The results based on the seed colours revealed that out of 25 genotypes maximum frequency is gained by black colour having 12 genotypes. Estimates of genetic parametersshowed that highest GCV and PCV data was recorded for all the 12 traits. This further certified that significant amount of variability is present in the traits.Mahalanobis' D2statistics revealed the genetic divergence of 25 genotypes where all genotypes were grouped into 6 clusters, the maximum number ofgenotypes were found in cluster one and cluster second with 16 and 5 genotypes respectively, The maximum intra cluster distance was found between cluster 2(68.4) followed by cluster 1(46.55), while the cluster 3, 4 5, and 6 having one genotype with cluster distance zero. Hence, this proofs that direct selection would be effective and these genotypes can be further used for hybridization program to create strains with high yields.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES IN ADVANCED BREEDING LINES OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell)
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-10-25) Bashir, Mahpara; Kashyap, Subhash C.
    The present research entitled “Genetic Diversity Studies in Advanced Breeding Lines of Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.emThell)”was carried out during rabi2022 to studygenetic diversity for yield contributing traits and yellow rust resistanceinwheat. The material comprised of 96advanced wheat breeding linesobtained from CIMMYT and ICARDA withfour checks namely Agra local, DBW187, HD2967 and HD3043. These genotypes were evaluated in Augmented BlockDesign with six blocks, 16 test entries and fourchecks at Research farm of division of Plant Breeding and Genetics at main campus SKUAST-J, Chatha. The analysis of variance revealed that mean sum of squares for treatments(eliminating blocks) and treatments (ignoring blocks) weresignificant except chlorophyll content indicating that the test entries were significantly different from checks. The trait grain yield per plot showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance suggesting additive gene action and thus selection is effective. Cluster analysis categorised wheat genotype into four clusters. Highest cluster mean value was exhibited by Cluster II for number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain yield per plot, test weight and harvest index, whereas, the lowest value was observed in days to 50℅ flowering. Significant difference between wheat lines was observed for rust resistance in field. 40 promising genotypes showing rust resistance on the basis of field rust score were used for molecular characterization using 12 linked SSR markers. Cluster analysis of molecular data grouped wheat genotypes into two clusters. Cluster I consisted 25 genotypes and cluster II with 15 genotypes. The value of Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) ranged from 0.43 to 0.68. The highest PIC value was shown by marker Barc349 (0.68) and lowest by marker S19M93 (0.43). These findings provide valuable insights for the selection of diverse genotypes for conservation and further use in crop improvement.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of different seed priming agents in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-11-17) Angmo, Choskit; Raina, Vishal
    The present study titled "Effect of different seed priming agents in rice (Oryza sativa L.)" was conducted during the seasonKharif2022 at Research Farm, Chatha and Seed Technology Laboratory, SKUAST-Jammu, to investigate the impact of seed priming on the germination and field performance of rice variety, Giza 14. Under the in vitro experiment, 46 treatments, including a control group, were tested using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications.For the evaluation of field performance, 15 treatments (including control) were used, and the experiment was set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results under in vitro investigationindicated significant effects of seed priming on germination and seedling growth. GA3 100 ppm treatment for 24 hours yielded the best results across various parameters, including lesser days to start emergence (1.2) , high germination percentage (98.8%), longer seedling shoot and root length (10.74 cm and 10.41 cm respectively), greater seedling dry weight (0.021 g), and higher seedling vigor indices (SVI I =2092.28 and SVI II = 2.08). For field experiment the findings demonstrated that GA3 100 ppm treatment for 24 hours led to superior plant height (116.6 cm), panicle length (23.23), and days to 50% flowering (94.66). Interestingly, KNO3 1% treatment for 24 hours resulted in the shortest days to maturity (130.33) and excelled in several other field parameters, such as number of tillers (14.06), number of effective tillers (13.4), seed per panicle (222.05), thousand seed weight (23.23), SPAD value (49.67), and yield per plant (23.84 g) These results suggest thathormoprimingwith GA3 100 ppmand halopriming with KNO3 1% treatment for 24 hrs has good potential to improve germination and yield of coarse rice. For organic cultivation priming with Beejamrutha for 24 hours holds potential benefits.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Identification of early generation transgressive segregants in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for high Zinc and Iron content under field based stripe rust resistance
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-08-27) Mukhtar, Binat ul; Dey, Tuhina
    Present study entitled “Identification of early generation transgressive segregants in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for high Zinc and Iron content under field based stripe rust resistance” was carried out at offseason Nursery Dalang Maidan H.P and Research Farm / Molecular Laboratory, Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jammu, Chatha during 2022-2023. The aim of this study was to identifystripe rust resistant micronutrient rich progenies in F3:4and their validation for high iron and zinc contentusing molecular markers. Results based onfield based rust screeningand biochemical analysis in F2:3identified two populations which werefurther advanced and validated using molecular markers linked to high iron and zinc. Data were also recorded for yield contributing traits on individual plant selections from the two populations. Analysis of variance for the populations along with their respective parents were found significant for all traits indicating existence of significant variation. Molecular analysis of resistant progeny lines in F4 generationusing validated iron and zinc based SSR markers (Xbarc74 and Xwmc488 respectively) identified twenty eight F4progenies from population 56(HP45×JAUW683)×(HP44×HD3086) and ninefrom population 73 (HP44×RSP561)×(HP25×HD3086) linked to only high grain iron content . One line from population 73 (HP44×RSP561) × (HP25×HD3086) was identified linked to both high iron and zinc content.Twelvelines were identified as most promising based on yield, stripe rust resistance and micronutrient linkage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Bacterial Leaf Blight Resistance
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-10-31) U Din, Malik Mehraj; Sudan, R.S.
    Present study entitled, “Genetic and Molecular Characterization of Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Bacterial Leaf Blight Resistance” was carried out during kharif 2022 at Research Farm and Molecular Laboratory of Division of Plant Breeding and Genetics. The aim of the study was to characterize advanced breeding lines of rice for yield and yield attributing traits and to screen these lines for bacterial leaf blight resistance. Thirty advanced breeding lines were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications having a plot size of 2 m2. Screening for bacterial leaf blight was conducted under natural field conditions using SES scale (IRRI.1996) and simultaneously with the help of gene specific primers targeting three genes xa5, xa13 and Xa21. Analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the advanced breeding lines for all the traits recorded. Estimates of genetic parameters revealed that traits like days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, 1000 grain weight and grain yield per plant were found to have high heritability. Plant height was found to have high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating effectiveness of selection in improving this trait. Phenotypic screening for bacterial leaf blight showed significant difference among the advanced breeding lines while, molecular characterization revealed that genes Xa21 and xa13 were found to be present in four advanced breeding lines, xa13 and xa5 in three advanced breeding lines. While only xa13 or its close allelic variants were found in 16 advanced breeding lines. Seven lines were found to have none of the BLB resistance genes. Among all the advanced breeding lines ABL-2, 5, and 6 were found to have both Xa21 and xa5 genes for bacterial leaf blight resistance and the lines ABL-8,9,10 and 11 were found to have combination of xa13 and Xa21 genes and hence can be exploited in hybridization programme.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic diversity and molecular characterization of promising advanced breeding lines of Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum [Lam.] Verdc.)
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-10-20) Padha, Ragini; Kumar, Sanjeev
    The present study entitled, “Genetic diversity and molecular characterization of promising advanced breeding lines of Horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum [Lam.] Verdc.)” was carried out during kharif 2022 at the experimental farm of PRSS, Samba. In the present study 22 advanced breeding lines of horsegram were evaluated in RBD with three replications having a plot size of 2.7m2 with a spacing of 45 x 10 cm2. Estimates of genetic parameters revealed that traits viz. plant height, number of primary branches/plants, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and harvest index showed relatively higher PCV than GCV. 1000 seed weight was found to have high heritability coupled with high genetic advance, indicated the effectiveness of this trait in selection. Seed yield/ plant was positively and significantly correlated with all the traits except plant height and number of primary branches/plants. Path analysis revealed that the traits viz, days to maturity, number of seeds/pods, and number of pods /plants showed positive direct effects. Results of D2statistics diversified the genotypes into 4 clusters, and among these, Cluster-II was found to have the maximum number of genotypes (10), followed by Cluster-I (6) and Cluster-III (5). In contrast, Cluster-IV was found to have only one genotype (HPKM-150). The genotypes under study were also characterized for genetic diversity with the help of 30 SSR markers. Among these 30 markers, 9 were polymorphic, with the PIC value ranging from 0.09-0.70. This suggests that these molecular markers hold great promise in future studies on polymorphism.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.)Germplasm Lines for Seed andAgro-Morphological Traits
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu, 2023-10-19) Rajput, Sonali; Singh, Anjani Kumar
    ThePresent study entitled “Evaluation of Urdbean (Vigna mungo L.) Germplasm Lines for Seed and Agro-Morphological Traits” was conducted during the Kharif 2022 at Research farm Chatha, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology Chatha, Jammu. Thirty-two urdbean germplasm lines were evaluated under RCBD with three replications and plot size of 4x1.20 m2. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits under studyrecorded indicating sufficient variation among urdbean genotypes. Phenotypic coefficient of variance was found to be higher over the genotypic coefficient of variance which shows significant influence of environment for all the characters. High heritability along with high genetic advance was observed for plant height(cm),number of pods per plant, harvest index(%), germination(%), pod weight per plant(g), biological yield per plant (g), andseed yield per plant (g), it shows heritability is due to additive gene effect and selection based on these characters is effective. The diversity analysis also suggested the percentage contribution of traits towards total divergence where pod weight per plant (32.1%) and harvest index (28.8%) contributed more than 60 % diversity in the present set of urdbean germplasm lines. D2 statistics grouped thirty-two lines of urdbeangermplasm into eleven clusters, with the maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster V and XI (29.770) and the minimum inter-cluster distance between cluster III and IV (5.880). Based on genetic diversity analysis the diverse germplasm lines were selected from the clusters which showed maximum inter cluster distance i.e., Cluster XI and Cluster V. The diverse germplasm lines from distinctly related clusters have been selected on the basis of their cluster mean performance hence the germplasm IC 426495(Cluster XI), PU 31 and UTTARA(Cluster V) were found to be genetically diverse for most of the characters under study.