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2010 - 20142
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Subject: Animal Reproduction and Gynecology ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    COMPUTATION OF JUDICIOUS TREATMENT OF ENDOMETRITIS IN COWS
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2010) Sudershan Kumar; Mutha Rao, M.
    Forty eight crossbred cows with endometritis were selected on the basis of appearance of estrual cervico-vaginal mucus and white side test. Cows were treated with 100 μg E. coli LPS (Group 1), 500 mg oyster glycogen (Group 2), ceftriaxone + 100 μg E. coli LPS (Group 3), ceftriaxone + 500 mg OG (Group 4) and 20 ml PBS (Group 5 - Control). Results of CST revealed that the ceftriaxone was the most sensitive antibiotic. Significant decline (P<0.01) was found in pH values and bacterial load (x 104ml) in estrual cervical mucus and in uterine flushings at 72 hours in comparison to pH and load at 0 hours of all groups except control. Cytological studies in uterine flushings revealed a significant (P<0.01) increase in TLC (x106ml), PMN (%), total protein concentration (mg/dl) and total immunoglobulin concentration (mg/dl) at different intervals (24, 48 and 72 h) after LPS and OG treatments and at 72 h after ceftriaxone + LPS and ceftriaxone + OG treatments in comparison to levels at 0 h before treatment. The mean serum levels of calcium (mg %), inorganic phosphorus (mg %) and magnesium (mg %), copper (ppm), zinc (ppm) and manganese level (ppm) were found to be significantly lower in the endometritic cows than in the healthy cows. Biochemical profile revealed that the levels of total plasma protein, albumin, globulin, albumin globulin ratio and cholesterol in repeat breeder cows did not differ significantly from the normal cows. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in cows suffering from endometritis as compared to healthy cows. Animals suffering from endometritis exhibited detectable amounts of PGFM before treatment. Maximum conception rate of 75.00 (6 out of 8) was achieved in both ceftriaxone+LPS and ceftriaxone+OG groups followed by 62.5% in both LPS and OG groups (5 out of 8) in cows.The pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone was studied following i.v. and i.m. administration of (6.72mg.kg-1) in 8 endometritic (Group 6) and 8 healthy (Group 7) crossbred cows. Following single intravenous injection, the plasma concentration -time curves of ceftriaxone were best fitted using a threecompartment open model. The peak plasma concentration of ceftriaxone in endometritic cows was found to be lower than that in healthy ones. The elimination half-life and mean residence time of ceftriaxone in endometritic cows was slightly longer than healthy cows reflecting slower elimination of the drug during endometritis. Following i.m. administration of a single dose, the plasma concentration - time curves of ceftriaxone were best fitted to one compartment open model. The peak plasma concentration of ceftriaxone in endometritic cows was found to be lower than that in healthy ones. The concentrations of ceftriaxone in milk were found to be higher as compared to that in plasma and the drug was not detected after 36 h post administration by both routes. The evaluation of various kinetic determinants of ceftriaxone following i.v. and i.m. administration revealed differences in relation to β, t1/2β MRT, td and AUC and AUMC. The t1/2β and MRT were longer whereas the AUC and AUMC were lower after i.m. administration. Comparable values of td indicated that the therapeutic efficacy of ceftriaxone is maintained for similar duration i.e., up to 3.44 h after i.m. and 3.17 h after i.v. administration in healthy cows. In endometritic cows the rapid appearance of ceftriaxone in plasma suggested that this drug rapidly entered into systemic circulation following i.m. administration. However, lower values of peak plasma concentration (4.68 ± 0.26μg.ml-1) and absorption rate constant (3.16 ± 1.84 h-1) in endometritic cows in comparison to corresponding values of 11.2 ± 0.33μg.ml-1 and 3.88 ± 1.83 h-1, respectively, in healthy cows indicated lesser absorption of the drug during endometritis. On the basis of information gathered from the present investigation, it is concluded that the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone is significantly altered during endometritis and ceftriaxone may be effectively employed in the treatment of bacterial infection in the cattle at the dose rate of 11.0 mg.kg-1 body weight by i.v. route and 13.0 mg.kg-1 by i.m. route to be repeated at 6 h intervals for the treatment of endometritis in cows.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON FOLLICULAR OOCYTE RECOVERY AND FREEZING TECHNIQUES IN GOAT (CAPRA HIRCUS)
    (Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, 2014) Dar, Rameez Ali; Razzaque, Waquar A.A.
    The present study was conducted to examine the follicular status, effect of oocyte harvesting techniques along with quantitative and qualitative assessment of follicular oocytes retrieved from ovaries. Goat ovaries were collected from Municipal slaughter house, Jammu in three distinct seasons viz. winter, summer and rainy. Significantly higher (P<0.05) nimiber of surface follicles were found on ovaries in winter as compared to simmier and rainy season. The number of surface follicles found on ovaries without corpus luteum were significantly higher (P<0.05) as compared to those with corpus luteimi. Oocytes were collected fi-om by three harvesting techniques viz. aspiration, puncture and slicing. Out of these three techniques, slicing yielded significantly higher (P<0.05) number of good (3.07 ± 0.04) and fair (3.11± 0.05) quality oocytes along with total oocytes (7.08 ± 0.08) as compared 0.57 ± 0.03, 3.97 ± 0.04 and 2.86 ± 0.09 by aspiration and 0.96 ± 0.03, 1.47 ± 0.05 and 4.22 ± 0.11 by puncture techniques, respectively. Significantly higher (P<0.05) number of good (1.94 ± 0.07) and fair (2.21 ±0.07) quality oocytes were recovered during winter as compared to summer (1.18 ± 0.07 and 1.55 ± 0.06) and rainy season (1.38 ± 0.08 and 1.71 ± 0.07). Among the ovarian characteristics ovaries without corpus luteum yielded significantly higher (P<0.05) number of good (1.84 ± 0.05) and fair (2.15 ± 0.05) quality oocytes as compared to those with corpus luteum (0.97 ± 0.06 and 1.30 ± 0.06), while there was no effect of side of ovary on oocyte collection. Number of oocytes collected increased significantly (P<0.05) as the number of surface follicles increased on ovaries. Immature cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were vitrified by five different vitrification techniques viz. conventional straw, open pulled straw, hemi straw, cryoloop and cryotop using ethylene glycol-DMSO-sucrose (EDS) and ethylene glycol-glycerol-sucrose (EGS) combinations. Significantly higher (P<0.05) number of morphologically normal and viable COCs were observed in open pulled straw, hemi straw, cryoloop and techniques as compared to conventional vitrification technique. Key words: follicles, oocytes, vitrification, open pulled straw, hemi straw, cryoloop, cryotop.