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Open Access
“Effect of dietary inclusion of phytogenic feed additives on the performance of layer quail”
(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2024-04-11) Kour, Gagandeep; Khan, Nazam
In order to evaluate the effect of supplementation of different phytoadditives (PFA) over the performance of layer quails, 360 birds of same hatch (6 weeks old) were randomly distributed into eight groups (n=45), having three replicas of fifteen quail layers. These eight dietary groups were: Negative control (NC; basal diet with no additive), positive control (PC; herbal growth promoter- Reproforte plus™ @ 500gm per ton feed), whereas T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 groups were supplemented with 1% dietary additive viz. turmeric, garlic, fenugreek, cumin, aloe vera and oregano powder, respectively. These additives were fed for 22 weeks. Results of body weight change (g) and feed intake showed no difference, but egg number and FCR was improved in treatment groups during first three months of production. PFA supplementation significantly increased the egg weight, being higher in PC, T1, T2, T4 whereas, shape index was higher in PC and T1 groups. Haugh unit and albumin index was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1, but yolk index showed no change. Egg yolk cholesterol was significantly reduced on PFA supplementation (lowest in T1, T2, T3), whereas antioxidant activity of quail eggs was significantly improved in all PFA fed groups with highest in T1. At trial completion, yolk color estimated by hunter’s colorimeter was also higher in T1. No effect was observed on nutrient metabolizability and carcass traits, but intestinal micrometry parameters viz. length of villi and villi to crypt ratio in duodenum; luminal epithelial height and gland diameter in jejunum and gland diameter in ileum was found higher in PFA fed groups. In blood biochemical parameters, serum cholesterol was reduced (P<0.05) in T2 and T3 groups, whereas, LDL was significantly reduced in T3. Sensory evaluation of meat revealed that color and appearance was better in T3, T4, T5 and T6 groups, whereas overall acceptability was higher in PC, T3, T4, T5 and T6. Egg sensory attributes were not affected during first three months, but at 4th & 5th month, yolk color was higher in T1 and aroma was better in T2 during the 5th month. The cost benefit ratio was highest in T1, T3 and T5 groups, with lowest values in T6. It may be concluded that all supplemented phytoadditives improved the production traits, but turmeric fed group performed the best among all additives.
Open Access
Evaluation of dietary incorporation of treated waste silkworm pupae meal on nutrient utilization and performance of broiler chicken
(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2024-03-26) Aanvi; Sharma, R.K.
In broiler chicken cost of protein ingredient makes up around 45% of the total cost of the feed, making it significantly more expensive than the other feed ingredients. The most expensive ingredient in chicken feed formula is the protein of animal origin. A lot of stress is being laid to identify newer protein sources to reduce the cost of feeding. Based on this a study was conducted to scrutinize the effect of the incorporation of ethanol treated waste silkworm pupae meal (WSWPM-ET) in the broiler chicken ration on the production parameters, nutrient parameters, carcass traits, immunological parameters, blood-biochemical profile and micrometry of different components of the small intestine. The WSWPM-ET (DMB) contained, 51.97±0.67 % CP, 9.23±0.06 % EE, 4.58±0.28 % CF, 4.89±0.07 % TA, 29.31±0.79 % NFE, 0.23±0.01 % Ca and 0.90±0.01% P. The EE content of the untreated sample was 37.43%±1.48, which indicated that treatment procedure employed in this study was effective in accomplishment of desired goal of partial defatting. A total number of 225 broiler chicks (VenCobb; unsexed) were randomly divided into 5 groups, with each group comprising 3 replicates of 15 chicks each. The control (C) group was fed a basal diet; whereas four treatment groups viz. T1, T2, T3 and T4 were diets with meat and bone meal (MBM) replaced with WSWPM-ET at the rate of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. All the rations formulated were isocaloric and isonitrogenous and the nutrient requirements were met as per ICAR (2013). At the end of the growth trial (42 days age), two birds from each replicate were slaughtered. No adverse effects were observed with regard to nutrient utilization, production parameters, carcass traits and micrometery of small intestine of experimental birds at the replacement of MBM with WSWPM-ET up to 75% and on immunological parameters and blood-biochemical profile (ALT, AST activity, and serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol) at the replacement of MBM with WSWPM-ET up to 100 % level. It may be concluded that WSWPM-ET may replace MBM up to 75 % level in the broiler chicken ration with no adverse effects on health and production performance.
Open Access
Effect of dietary supplementation of rumen liquor extract as a component of synbiotic on the performance of broilers
(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2024-03-26) Kour, Kanwaljeet; Rastogi, Ankur
Soluble fibre extracted from rumen liquor (RL) have shown potent prebiotic activity in broiler chickens. Present research evaluated the effect of supplementing RL extract as a component of synbiotic over performance of broiler chickens. RL of sheep and goat origin was collected from the slaughter house and processed in the laboratory to isolate a soluble fibre extract. A growth trial of 42 days duration was conducted on 192 day-old broiler chicks divided into four treatment groups: CO, PO, RL and SN. Each treatment group consist of six replicates with eight chicks in each replicate. The CO group chicks were fed a basal maize-soybean diet, whereas PO group diets were supplemented with probiotic (Bacillus subtilis @ 0.02%); RL group with RL fraction (0.1%) and SN group with a combination of both. In the finisher stage, significantly higher growth was observed in all the supplemented groups. Significantly lower feed intake during finisher stage was recorded in SN group birds. Cumulative FCR was significantly higher in CO group as compared to other three groups, whereas cumulative PER was significantly higher in PO, RL, and SN group as compared to CO group. No significant effect of dietary treatments was recorded on nutrient metabolizability and carcass characteristics. Calcium balance, tibial ash and calcium content were significantly increased in the RL group. Significantly higher serum cholesterol, HDL levels and catalase activity was observed in SN group. Significant increase in jejunal villi height was observed in PO and RL groups and villi height: crypt depth ratio was significantly higher in RL group. However, villi height and crypt depth in ileum were highest in PO group. It is concluded that supplementation of B. subtilis along with RL extract does not offer any additional advantage than that achieved with RL supplementation alone in the diet of broiler chickens, however, altered lipid profile and improved antioxidant status in synbiotic supplemented chickens warrant further exploration.
Open Access
Evaluation of dietary incorporation of waste silkworm pupae meal on nutrient utilization and performance of broiler chicken
(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu (J&K), 2024-03-26) Reddy, Kurella Sujith Kumar; Sharma, R.K.
In broiler chicken cost of protein ingredient makes up around 45% of the total cost of the feed, making it significantly more expensive than the other ingredients. The most expensive ingredient in chicken feed formula is the protein of animal origin. A lot of stress is being laid to identify newer protein sources to reduce the cost of feeding. Based on this a study was conducted to scrutinize the effect of the incorporation of waste silkworm pupae meal (WSWPM) in the broiler chicken ration on the production parameters, nutrient parameters, carcass traits, immunological parameters, blood-biochemical profile, and micrometry of different components of the small intestine. The WSPM (DMB) contained 53.37±1.96 % CP, 37.43±1.48 % EE, 3.96±0.19 % CF, 3.46±0.55 % TA, 2.40±0.21 % NFE, 0.22±0.02 % Ca and 0.47±0.03% P. A total number of 225 broiler chicks (VenCobb; unsexed) were randomly divided into 5 groups, with each group comprising 3 replicates of 15 chicks each. The control (C) group was fed a basal diet; whereas four treatment groups viz. T1, T2, T3 and T4 were diets with meat and bone meal (MBM) replaced with WSWPM at the rate of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. All the rations were formulated to meet the nutrient requirements as per ICAR (2013). At the end of the growth trial (42 days age), two birds from each replicate were slaughtered. No adverse effects were observed with regard to nutrient, production, and carcass parameters of experimental birds at the replacement of MBM with WSWPM up to 50% and on immunological parameters and blood-biochemical profile (ALT, AST activity, and serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol) at the replacement of MBM with WSWPM up to 100 % level. The length of villi in the duodenum and cost benefit ratio was significantly reduced at 75 and 100 per cent replacement of MBM with WSWPM. It may be concluded that WSWPM may replace MBM up to 50 % level in broiler chicken ration with no adverse effects on health and production performance, with better cost benefit ratio.
Open Access
Chemical Composition and Nutrient Utilization of Top Feeds ofDistrict Poonch
(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (J&K), 2022-08-25) Ganai, Imran Ahmad; Sharma, R.K.
In the present study on chemical composition and nutrient utilization of top feeds of District Poonch, a total of ten top feeds (Acacia nilotica, Celtisaustralis, Ficuspalmata, Ficusreligiosa, Grewiaoptiva, Meliaazadarach, Morus alba, Quercusincana, Salix alba and Zizyphusjujuba) of District Poonch of Jammu region were analyzed for proximate composition, fiber composition, phenolic fractions, protein fractions and in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD). Based on these nutritional attributes, Celtisaustralis, Ficuspalmata, Ficusreligiosa, Grewiaoptiva, Meliaazadarach, Morusalbaand Zizyphusjujubawere found to have good nutritional profile for ruminants. Based on their nutritive value, all the ten top feeds in equal proportions were selected for formulation of leaf meal mixture. The composite diet containing iso-nitrogenous concentrate mixture with variable levels of each top feed (0-15 %) and leaf meal mixture (0-15 %) were studied for in vitro degradation. Based on the in vitro results, concentrate mixture containing 15 per cent level of leaf meal mixture was selected for in vivo feeding trials. Two feeding trials were conducted, the first one with provision of concentrate in mash form and the second with provision of concentrate in the form of multi nutrient block. Twelve local, non-descript, adult male goats were randomly allotted to two equal groups and were kept on ad libitum wheat straw with either conventional (Control) or leaf meal mixture containing concentrate mixture (Treatment). Both the groups were supplemented with concentrate mixture formulated to satisfy the nutrient requirements of goats as per ICAR (2013). Feeding trial was conducted for 30 days including a one-week digestion-cum-metabolism trial. Body weight of the goats did not vary between periods and between groups. DM and OM intake and their digestibility were comparable among the two groups. The digestibility of all the nutrients in percent was similar between the two groups. The balances of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus were positive in both the groups without any significant difference. All the blood biochemicals were within normal physiological reference limits without any significant difference between periods and dietary treatments. The animals provided with the LMM based rations showed better humoral immune response, however, CMI immune response was similar among both the groups. The incorporation of LMM @ 15 % in the concentrate mixture resulted in the saving of Rs. 3.57/kg and Rs. 4.07/kg concentrate, when the concentrate was prepared in mash and MNB form, respectively. It may be concluded that leaf meal mixture (comprising of equal proportion of Acacia nilotica, Celtisaustralis, Ficuspalmata, Ficusreligiosa, Grewiaoptiva, Meliaazadarach, Morus alba, Quercusincana, Salix alba and Zizyphusjujuba) can be incorporated up to 15% level in the concentrate mixture of adult goats without affecting nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, plane of nutrition, balances of nutrients, blood biochemical profile, cell mediated immune response, general health and with better humoral response and profitable goat production.
Open Access
Evaluation of dietary incorporation of bakery waste on nutrient utilization and performance ofmeat quail
(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (J&K), 2022-08-04) Gupta, Antra; Khan, Nazam
The present study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional attributes of dried bakery waste (BaW) and to scrutinize the impact of its feeding on growth traits, nutrient metabolizability, carcass traits, blood biochemical parameters and sensory evaluation in quail birds. Three hundred day-old quail chicks were randomly divided into five treatment groups, namely T0 (containing no bakery waste), T1 (5% maize in quail ration was replaced with BaW), T2 (containing 10% BaW as maize replacement), T3 (15 % BaW as maize replacement) and T4 (20% BaW as maize substitute). The diets formulated were isocaloric and isonitrogenous by following the ICAR (2013) feeding standard. Feeding trial was conducted for a period of 6 weeks including 4 days metabolism trial. The results revealed no difference in growth traits viz. weekly feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Likewise, cumulative FI, BWG, FCR and PER showed statistically similar values (P>0.05). The metabolizability of nutrients was also statistically similar amongst all treatment groups. Different blood biochemical parameters viz. plasma glucose, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, A:G ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGPT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT/SGOT) were also similar irrespective of graded inclusion of BaW (5, 10, 15 and 20%) as maize substitute. Carcass characteristics (g and % live weight) did not showed any significant difference in all experimental groups. The small intestinal length as well as its micrometry too was statistically similar among all the treatment groups. Sensory evaluation of quail meat also showed no difference amongst different evaluated parameters i.e., appearance, flavor, juiciness, texture and overall acceptability. Cost benefit ratio was better in T0 and T1 followed by T2 and T3 and was least in T4, although the values were comparable. It may be concluded that maize grains can be safely replaced by BaW up to 20% in quail ration without any negative effect
Open Access
Evaluation of herbs as feed additives in the ration of sheep
(Sher-e-KashmirUniversityofAgriculturalSciences&Technology, Jammu(J&K), 2022-08-16) Kour, Dilshad; Sharma, Vijay Kumar
Present study was executed to evaluate nutritional attributes of local medicinal herbs and toanalyze their effect as feed additives in the ration of sheep. This study was carried out in two phases.Phase I included the proximate and fiber analysis of the twelve herbs viz. Allium sativa linn (Garlic),Cuminum cyminum linn (Cumin), Emblica officinalis (Amla), Murraya koenigiii(Curry leaves),Pimpinella anisum (Sounf), Sapindus trifoliatus (Reetha), Terminalia arjuna (Arjun), Trigonella-foenumgraecum(Methi),Zingiberofficinale(Ginger),Curcumalonga(Turmeric),Ocimumtenuiflorum (Tulsi) andAzadirachta indica (Neem) and then subjected to screening at differentinclusionlevelsof3%,3.5%and4%ofrationtoascertaintheireffectoninvitrorumenfluidpH,drymatter digestibility and organic matter digestibility of ration containing wheat straw as roughage andconcentratemixture.Anyofthetwelveherbsdidnotshowanyadverseeffecton invitropHofrumenfluidatdifferentinclusionlevels.However,itappearedthatincorporationofPimpinellaanisum@3%of rationresultedin significantincrease(p0.05) on body weight, DM and CP intake whereas significant increase (p0.05) between the two dietary groups. Rumen fermentation parameters (rumen fluidpH, ammonia-nitrogen, total nitrogen, TCA-ppt nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen) were comparableinbothdietarygroups.Bloodbiochemicalprofilepresentedsignificantlyhigher(p0.05) was seen in serum globulin, Albumin:Globulin ratio, total cholesterol, alaninetransaminaseandaspartateaminotransferase,BUN,creatinineandbloodglucoseconcentrationbetween both groups. It can be inferred from the above data that Pimpinella anisum @3% of rationcan effectively be used as feed additive in the sheep ration for improving feed intake, nutrientdigestibilityandutilization.
Open Access
Evaluation of replacement of maize by broken rice on performance of meat quail”
(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu (J&K), 2022-08-04) Sehar, Malik Amreena; Sharma, R.K.
Present study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional attributes of broken rice and to scrutinize the impact of its feeding on intake, body weight, utilization of nutrients, performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass traits in quails. The broken rice contained 7.99 % CP, 2.07 % EE, 1.76 % CF, 1.43 % TA, 86.75 % NFE, 0.18 % Ca and 0.20 % P. Day-old commercial meat quails (Japanese quail) (n=300) were randomly allotted to five treatment groups namely C (containing no broken rice), T1 (containing 5% broken rice as maize replacement), T2 (containing 10% broken rice as maize replacement), T3 ¬(containing 15% broken rice as maize replacement) and T4 (containing 20% broken rice as maize replacement). The diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric formulated to satisfy the nutrient requirements of experimental birds as per ICAR (2013). The feeding trial was conducted for a period of 42 days including a 4-day metabolism trial. No significant difference was found in the weekly feed intake during the entire experimental trial of six weeks. The average weekly feed intake (g) varied from 27.25±2.01 to 210.85±13.90, 29.22±1.98 to 199.15±12.01, 27.06±1.37 to 208.39±12.32, 29.30±1.68 to 199.73±12.73 and 29.21±1.23 to 196.57±15.65 in T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4 groups, respectively. The weekly body weight (g) of all the five groups was found to be statistically similar with no significant differences. The weekly FCR and PER did not show any significant difference for the first five weeks but during the sixth week,T4 differed significantly from T0,T1 and T2. Also, the cumulative FCR values for the entire trial period of 6 weeks of T0 (3.83±0.04), T1 (3.84±0.03),andT2(3.90±0.05) differed significantly (P0.05) in all the treatment groups. The blood biochemical parameters viz. plasma glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin-globulin ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were similar in all the dietary treatments. The carcass characteristics did not show any significant difference. The intestinal length as well as micrometry, was statistically similar among all the groups. Though, the cost per kg of feed was lower for treatment groups, the cost-benefit ratio was comparable for all five groups. It may be recommended that maize can be replaced up to 15 % level with broken rice in the ration of meat quails with no adverse effects on body weight, feed intake, FCR, PER, utilization of nutrients, blood biochemical parameters, carcass characteristics, intestinal micrometric, sensory attributes and overall economics
Open Access
“Effect of supplementing graded levels of prebiotic fraction of rumen liquor on the growth performance of broiler chicken”
(Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Jammu (J&K), 2022-09-30) Kour, Ramandeep; Rastogi, Ankur
Study was conducted to determine the optimum dose of ethanolic fraction of rumen liquor as a prebiotic for broiler chicken. Rumen liquor collected from slaughter house was processed to precipitate a soluble fiber fraction. A growth trial was conducted for 42 days on 480 broiler chicks divided into four groups: CO, RL0.025, RL0.05 and RL0.10. The chicks were fed maize-soybean-based pre-starter diet (1-14 days), starter diet (15-21 days), and finisher diet (21-42 days) supplemented with RL fraction at the rate of 0.0%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1% (w/w) for CO, RL0.025, RL0.05 and RL0.10 groups, respectively. Live weight gain was comparable for all groups till starter stage. In the finisher stage, significantly higher growth, better FCR and PER were observed in RL supplemented birds as compared to the CO birds, with best performance in the RL0.10 group. No effect was observed on nutrient metabolizability and nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balances, carcass yield and relative organ weights. However, significantly higher dressed weights (g) were observed in RL supplemented groups. No significant difference among different groups was observed with respect to immune response. Significantly lowered lipid peroxidation activity was observed in RL0.10 group in comparison to CO group. Significantly increased duodenal villi height (VH) was observed in RL0.05 group and significantly higher duodenal and ileal villi height: crypt depth ratio were observed in RL0.05 and RL0.10 groups. In caecal sections, significant increase in VH and CD was observed in RL0.10 group. It was concluded that supplementation of RL fraction at 0.10% level in feed is effective in improving the growth performance of broiler chicken with improved FCR and PER during finisher phase and increased villi height and crypt depth in duodenal, ileal and caecal sections.

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