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Thesis Type: M.V.Sc ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    In vitro evaluation of antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles with antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis
    (2018-09-28) Sahu, Hemakanta; Sahoo, Dr. Niranjana
    A study was undertaken on ‘In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles with antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis’ in high yielding cross breed jersey cows from different areas of Balangir, Odisha during the period January 2018 to June 2018. Based on history, clinical sign and MCMT, 187 samples of milk collected from high yielding cross breed jersey cows (11 acute, 4 chronic,84 apparently healthy and 88 subclinical). Milk sample were inoculated on nutrient broth and incubated at 37 ˚C. All the 88 samples were subjected to gram staining. Based on staining characteristics 41 samples were identified as S. aureus. Further the growth was streaked on nutrient agar plate for finding cultural characteristics and morphology. Further to identify pathogenic strain culture were inoculated in Blood Agar (BA) and Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). The isolated were subjected to tests 16S rRNA gene amplification by PCR along with gene sequencing to identify 31 strains as Staphylococcus aureus. All bacterial isolates were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to different antibiotics commonly used in veterinary practices. Disk diffusion test and Macro dilution were performed to determine Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal concentration (MBC). Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) index was calculated to determine the interaction between a combination of Ag-NPs and Ampicillin. 41 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 88 samples and 31 samples were confirmed through PCR among them randomly two strains were sequence and found that 96% similarity with Staphylococcus aureus. MIC of ampicillin of most of the strains was in between range 1.0-1.5mg while MIC of ampicillin in combination with 5μg silver nanoparticles reduces the range of ampicillin to 0.50-1.00mg. According to FIC index, ampicillin and Ag-NPs had synergistic effect in 90% in isolated strain and additive effect in 10% strain. It could be concluded that a combination of Ag-NPs with ampicillin showed synergistic antibacterial properties with reduction the range of MIC of ampicillin on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Bovine Mastitis.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Molecular genetic characterization of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene in goats association with heat tolerance traits
    (2018-09) Khan, Zeeshan Ahmed; Mishra, Dr. C.
    Sustainability in livestock production system is largely affected by climate change. An imbalance between metabolic heat production inside the animal body and its dissipation to the surroundings results in heat stress under high ambient temperature and humid climate. The foremost reaction of animals under thermal stress is increase in respiration rate, rectal temperature and heart rate which directly affects feed intake thereby, reduces growth rate, milk yield, reproductive performance, and even death in extreme cases. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is one of the genes showing differential expression during heat stress in animals. In the present study the SOD1 gene was characterized and its association with heat stress in goats was estimated. The polymorphism in SOD1 gene of goats was identified and their relation with thermo-physiological parameters like rectal and skin temperature, heart rate, pulse rate, respiration rate alongwith biochemical parameters like serum levels of albumin, bilirubin, total proteins, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and ALT was established during heat stress. Temperature-humidity index was calculated for different regions. Statistically significant difference was observed between breeds and within different area for physiological and biochemical parameters. Higher value of physiological parameters indicated that heat stress may be the most probable cause for such differences. The haplotypes were identified after amplification and sequencing of the SOD1 gene. The CGC and CAA haplotypes showed lower values of physiological parameters making these haplotypes to be more heat tolerant than others. Similarly biochemical parameter’s study revealed the same results establishing superior heat tolerance capacity in CGC and CAA haplotypes.