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Open Access
Morphological variations in seed and seedling characteristics of different seed sources of Acacia nilotica (L.)Willd. ex Delile
(Department of Forest Genetic Resources, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2016-08-01) S, Ajay Kumar; Hossain, M M
The present investigation entitled, “Morphological variations in seed and seedling characteristics of different seed sources of Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd. Ex Delile” was carried out in the Department of Forest Genetic Resources, College of Forestry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar. The experiment was laid by CRD design with 3 treatments, there were significant variations found in seed characters except moisture content. The seed length and seed width were found to be maximum in seed source in GUJ S-3 (8.11mm and 6.77 mm, respectively)whereas minimum was recorded in MH RAN-46 (6.12 and 5.25 mm, respectively).The maximum seed thickness, weight and moisture content of 4.84 mm,23.06g and 9.97%, respectively werefound inGUJ S-1. Weight of seeds ranged from 10.28-23.06gm in MH RAN-46 and GUJ S-1 respectively. Genetic variation studies found that seed length had maximumPCV (33.13 %), GCV (32.87 %), and genetic gain (54.19 %) among all the seed characters studied. All the seed parameters are found to be phenotypically and genotypically positively correlated with each other.The Germination parameters were found to be significantly different from each other among seed sources. Germination percentage (80%), mean daily germination (2.88%) and mean germination time (16.77 days) were found maximum in seed source, GUJ S-1 whereas rest of the parameters like Germination energy (55.11%), peak value (3.5), Germination value (9.66), and Germination speed (4.24) were found to be maximum in the seed sources, GUJ S-2. The seed source MH RAN-46 recorded minimum for all germination traits. For germination parameters range of genetic variation is heritability (40.92-94.86%), PCV (61.29- 11.52%), GCV (56.06-11.22%) and genetic advance (105.64-28.06 %).The seedling traits showed significant variation among different seed sources. The seed source GUJ S-1 was found to be superior in all the growth parameters over other seed sources except MH RAN-43 in height. Seed source GUJ S-1 recorded maximum values in collar diameter (8.43 mm), number of primary branches (4.5 nos.), dry seedling weight (25.50 g), dry root weight(6.57g), seedling vigour index (11203.59), seedling volume index (6610.19), and seedling quality index (2.15) in eight months. The tallest seedling (115.33 cm) was obtained in the seed source MH RAN-43 and the longest root length (59.23 cm) was found in MH RAN-48. Most of the growth traits are found to have high heritability. The PCV, GCV of variation and genetic advance was maximum in volume index i.e., 45.74%, 42.26 % and 80.44%, respectively. Shoot fresh weight was significantly and positively correlated with collar diameter (0.863), number of primary branches (0.954), shoot dry weight (0.961), root fresh weight (0.679), quality index (0.851), vigour index (0.663) and volume index (0.761).
Open Access
Study of Invitro action of biocide against biofilm forming Bovine Mastitogenic isolate
(Department of Veterinary Microbiology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2015) Panda, Sujata Kumari; Mishra, Rajashree; Patra, Ramesh Chandra; Behera, Prakash Chandra; Kundu, Akshaya Kumar
Bovine mastitis polymicrobial in nature.So development of persistent intramammary infection and resistance to antimicrobial agent is a common problem for dairy industry.Biofilm formation by mastitogenic bacteria attributes to antibiotic treatment failure in case of bovine mastitis.So detection of biofilm forming ability of bacteria and antibiotic sensitivity test of biofilm formers are necessary for control and management of mastitis. Biocide like essential oils may be used against the biofilm producing mastitogenic pathogens. In the present study a total of one hundred ten mastitic milk samples from the lactating cows in and around Bhubaneswar, odisha were screened by modified califernia mastitis test.The predominant bacteria isolated from these samples was Staphylococcus aureus(48 nos.) followed by Streptococcus spp(16 ).Other bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus epidermidis (8), E.coli(23 ) , ,Bacillus spp ( 2 ),Klebsiella spp.( 3 ) .All isolates (n = 100) were included in the tissue culture plate (TCP) ,Tube method and Congo red agar plate (CRA) analysis for detection of biofilm forming ability of bacteria. In TCP method biofilm formation for Stapylococus aureus was observed in 39 isolates and non-biofilm producers were 9. In tube test method, 32 isolates were found as biofilm producers whereas 16 were non-biofilm producers. In CRA,23 strains produced biofilm and25 isolates were non-biofilm producers.In the CRA method, 4 of 16 strains of Streptococcus spp were considered positive, and 12 isolates having no formation .In TCP method biofilm formation for Streptococcus spp was observed in 12 isolates and non biofilm producers were 4 . In tube test method, 10 isolates were found as biofilm producers showed highest sensitivity for Enrofloxacin and Levofloxacin ( 88.23%) followed by Chloramphenicol(77.94%),Ciprofloxacin(75%)andGentamicin(73.52%).Streptococcus spp when subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test shows highest susceptibility to Levofloxacin and Enrofloxacin( 89.13%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (86.95%) E Coli .isolates are highly sensitive against Levofloxacin(96.66%) followed by chloramphenicol (90%),Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin(83.33%)..In the present study, essential oils have shown nearly equal antimicrobial effects on both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Turpentine oil was found to be the most effective. However,inhibition zone diameters obtained in well diffusion assays haveshown better effectiveness of essential oils against biofilm forming methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates.
Open Access
Bioecology and feeding potential of some important coccinellid predators of Odisha
(Department of Entomology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2019) Mishra, Ipsita; Sontakke, B.K.; Rath, L. K.; Mohapatra, S. S.; Sahoo, N.K.
Laboratory and field experiment were conducted during 2013-14 to study the bioecology and feeding potential of some important coccinelid predators of Odisha. About 17species of predatory coccinellids were identified from different crops.The most important being C.septempunctata , C.transversalis and C.sexmaculata in aphid infested plants and B sutularis and S coccivora being abundant in mealy bug infested plants. The biological parameters indicated that C.septempunctata was the largest and C.sexmaculata was the smallest among the aphidophagous coccinellids. Similarly, C montrouzieri was the largest and S coccivora was the smallest among the coccidophagous ones. The studies on the feeding potential of the predatory coccinellids revealed that C.septempunctata consumed maximum aphids followed by C.transversalis and C.sexmaculata whereas among the coccidophagous predatory coccinellids, C montrouzieri consumed maximum mealy bugs followed by B sutularis and S coccivora. The grubs of all the predatory coccinellids were found to be most susceptible to the rising temperatures. Therefore, it was observed that mortality of the grubs was highest in the month of May and lowest in the month of January. Pre pupae and pupae were least affected by the fluctuation of temperature. Significant negative correlation was observed for all the species in respect of fecundity and egg viability. The correlation was also highly significant and negative in respect of all the larval stages. Total developmental period of all the beetles had significant negative correlation with maximum, minimum and mean temperatures whereas, there was insignificant negative correlation with relative humidity. C. septempunctata and C. montrouzieri showed highest survivor fraction and lowest apparent mortality, mortality survival ratio indispensable mortality and k-values as compared to the other species of aphidophagus and coccidophagus coccinellids respectively. Minimum total generation mortality (k) was recorded (k=0.1427) for C.septempunctata and C montrouzieri (k=0.1676) among the aphidophagus and coccidophagus coccinellids indicating that they are the best survivors among the lot. Among the predatory coccinellids, Coccinella septempunctata and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri were found to be the most efficient in regards to their feeding potential on aphids and mealy bugs respectively. Therefore, these two were evaluated under field trials during 2013 and 2014 Kharif in Brinjal affected by mealy bugs and Cowpea affected by aphid. It was cobserved that, the release of 10 and 20 numbers of beetle grubs could successfully control the mealy bug and aphid and the yield was also at par with that of insecticidal application. Among the insecticides evaluated against the coccinellids for their toxicity, it was observed that Methyl demeton was the most toxic one followed by Dimethoate. The newer molecules were found to be comparatively less toxic to the predatory beetles. Therefore, it can be concluded that, the sucking pests of crops can be managed by the use of coccinellid predators in combination with the judicious use of safer molecules of insecticides.
Open Access
Bio-ecology and management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer, leucinodes orbonalis(Guenee) in coastal Odisha
(Department of Entomology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2019) Biswas, Mou; Mishra, B.K.; Rath, L.K.; Mishra, M. K.; Mohapatra, S.N.
Laboratory and field experiments were conducted during 2013-14 to study the Bio- Ecology and management of Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer (BSFB), Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in coastal Odisha. Biology of the BSFB was studied in the laboratory on cut potato pieces for ten generations. The survival period and duration of life history parameters i.e., like egg, different instars of larvae, pupae and adults was highest in the 10th generation i.e. in the month of December-January recording 86.3, 89.3, 97.5 and 98.3% respectively and lowest in IV generation, i.e., in the month of May-June recording 33.8, 38.0, 68.1 and 66.4% survival respectively. Similarly, the duration of different developmental stages were highest in December–January with egg (5-8 days), larva (15-18 days), pupa ( 8-10days) and total developmental period ( 31-32 days) respectively, whereas the durations were shortest during May-June with egg, larva, pupa and total developmental period recording, 3-4,12-14, 4- 6 and 21-23 days respectively. Correlation between weather parameters and life history parameters indicated highly significant negative correlation with mean temperature and mean relative humidity whereas, pheromone trap catches showed highly positive correlation with maximum temperature (r=808, 725), minimum temperature (r= 964,909), mean relative temperature Kharif (r=775) respectively during both the seasons. Among the insecticides tested, Flubendiamide was the best in controlling the pest and with highest cost benefit ratio (1:11.74) followed by Rynaxypyr (1:10.05) Emamectin benzoate (1:9.30) Spinosad (1:9.02) Indoxacarb(1.8.77) and Abamectin (1:8.62). Two BIPM modules were evaluated in field condition for the management of BSFB and both were found effective against the pest and were at par with the use of insecticides. However, BIPM module II comprising of neem cake application 100kg/ac, weekly removal of wilted twigs, pheromone trap with lucinlure@ 25/ha, release of T. chilonis@ 50,000/ha( total 15 release 20DAP) at 10 days intervals and two sprays of BT@ 2ml/lit at 10 days intervals was equivalent in its effectiveness as insecticidal protection.Trichogramma chilonis was reared on the eggs of Corcyra cephalonica and Leucinodes orbonalis for 30 generations and the parasitoids were evaluated in field conditions against BSFB. It was observed that the parasitoid, when reared on eggs of L. orbonalis had shorter life cycle (11.54-14.78days) compared to T. chilonis reared on C. cephalonica (12.21-18.41days) but better efficiency in controlling the pest.Trichogramma chilonis bred on the eggs of L. orbonalis reduced shoot infestation in brinjal to the tune of 41.62 to 87.49% as against 11.13 to 36.52% by Trichogramma chilonis bred on C cephalonica during 2012-13. During 2013-2014 reduction by both the species were to the tune of 42.55 to 87.98% and 10.69 to 34.53% respectively. Similarly reduction in fruit infestation ranged from 42.55 to 87.98% by T. chilonis bred on L. orbonalis as compared to 10.69 to 42.55% by T. chilonis bred on C. cephalonica.
Open Access
Mutagenesis and improvement of productivity in greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek)
(Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2019) Swain, Digbijaya; Baisakh, B.; Pradhan, B.; Jagadev, P. N.; Mishra, B. K.; Mohanty, I. C.
The present study on mutagenesis was undertaken in EB-II Section, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2013-2016. Dry, uniform, genetically pure and healthy seeds of two greengram genotypes viz., BKG-1 and OUM 11-5 were treated with one physical (gamma rays) and two chemical mutagens (EMS and NG) in single and combinations. Nine single treatments comprised of three doses each of gamma rays (200 Gy, 400 Gy and 600 Gy), EMS (0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%), NG (0.005%, 0.010% and 0.015%), while seven combination treatments were 400 Gy gamma rays + 0.2% EMS, 400 Gy gamma rays + 0.4% EMS, 400 Gy gamma rays + 0.6% EMS, 400 Gy gamma rays + 0.005% NG, 400 Gy gamma rays +0.010% NG, 400 Gy gamma rays +0.015% NG and 0.4% EMS + 0.010% NG. Two separate trials were conducted with the seeds of 16 mutagenic treatments along with the parent genotypes for advancement of generation from M1 to M4 generation following appropriate field plot technique. Selection pressure was applied in M2 and M3 generation for identification of mutants with superior/ desirable characters. Observations were taken in each generation and the data of each generation were subjected to statistical analysis. In M1 generation, all the mutagenic treatments showed reduction in germination, seedling characters, survival, plant growth traits, pollen sterility and seed sterility and in general a dose dependency reduction was observed. Such adverse effects were pronounced in treatments involving NG in both single and combination treatments. In M2, wide spectrum of chlorophyll and morphological macro-mutations were observed in mutagen treated population of both the genotypes. The frequency of total macro-mutation showed a dose dependent increase in both single and combination treatments except in case of NG. In case of NG, highest values were observed at medium doses in both single (0.010% NG) and combination treatments (400 Gy gamma rays +0.010% NG). The expanded range, shift in mean and increased variance of six quantitative traits of M2 treated population in comparison to respective parental genotypes revealed that variability was induced in different traits due to mutagen treatments. Correlation estimates of M1 biological injury parameters with M2 macromutation frequencies and population variance revealed that M1 parameters may serve as good indicators for prediction of M2 macro- and micro-mutations in M2 generation. The effectiveness of mutagens for induction of macro-mutation was in the order of NG > EMS > GR among single treatments and EMS + NG > gamma rays + NG > gamma rays + EMS among combination treatments. With regards to efficiency of mutagens differential response of genotypes were observed. However, NG and EMS were found to have higher efficiency than gamma rays alone. Eleven plants were selected from each treatment of M2 population (176 M2 plants of each genotype) on the basis of higher seed yield/ plant to evaluate in M3 generation for identification of superior transgressive variants. 36 and 44 superior transgressive variants were identified in M3 population of BKG-1 and OUM 11-5, respectively. Three best M3 progenies on the basis of seed yield/ plant were selected from each treatment for evaluation in M4. Evaluation of 48 mutant cultures of each genotype along with parent and estimates of different genetic parameters revealed large variability with respect to nine traits studied. Multivariate analysis on the basis of D2 values led to grouping of 48 mutant cultures of BKG-1 and OUM 11-5 into eight and ten clusters, respectively indicating that mutagenic treatments were effective in induction of micro-mutants with diverse changes from the parents with respect to the traits studied. Eight mutant cultures of BKG-1 (BE2-3, BG2N3-2, BG2-2, BG2-1, BG3-2, BN2-1, BN1-3 and BE2N2-3) and 14 mutant cultures of OUM 11-5 (OE2N2-3, ON3-2, ON3-1, OE2-3, OE2N2-1, OG2-3, ON3-3, OG2E3-3, ON1-1, OE1-2, OE2N2-2, ON1-3, OG2N1-1 and OG2E2-3) produced significantly higher grain yield/ plant than their respective parents. The grain yield of eight high yielding mutant cultures of BKG-1 ranged from 7.192 to 7.282 g/ plant with a superiority of 10.99 to 12.38% over the parent, while that of 14 high yielding mutant cultures of OUM 11-5 ranged from 4.010 to 4.713 g/ plant with a superiority of 15.66 to 35.94% over the parent. Most of the high yielding M3 progenies and M4 productive mutants were derived from the mutagenic treatments having high population variance in M2. Preliminary field screening of 48 mutant cultures derived from each genotype for MYMV under natural field condition showed that two mutant cultures from BKG-1 (BE2N2-2 and BE2N2-3) and twelve from OUM 11-5 (OG2-3, OE1-2, OE2-3, OE3-3, ON1-1, ON3-2, OG2E2-3, OG2E3-3, OG2N1-1, OE2N2-1, OE2N2-2 and OE2N2-3) were moderately resistant. The elite mutant cultures obtained from the present investigation may be further evaluated for yield, adaptability and for MYMV resistance in multi-location trial.
Open Access
Physiological and biochemical strategies and management options for fostering rice productivity under moisture deficit conditions
(Department of Plant Pathology, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2016) Bhol, Rajkumari; Kar, Manoranjan; Samal, K. C.; Raul, P. K.; Mishra, B. K.; Pany, B. K.
Two sets of experiments were conducted one in laboratory, and the other in field during Rabi season 2011 & 2012-13 with 5 rice varieties viz. Mandakini, Sahabhagi Dhan, Parijat , Annada & Anjali in Chipilima farm to assess the efficiency and efficacy of moisture stress for their relative tolerance. Laboratory studies under simulated moisture stress conditions indicated that germination decreased with decrease in water potential of the germinating medium irrespective of the varieties. Seeds fail to germinate. There was drastic failure in germination beyond -0.6MPa. Among the varieties Anjali exhibited better performance and better germination parameters indicating tolerance to moisture stress. The field studies were conducted taking 35 treatments laid out in split plot design with 3 replications with 7 combinations of drought stress comprising stress at 3 different stages of crop growth i.e., tillering, panicle initiation and flowering. At each stage of growth Salicylic acid application was given in stressed plants. It was observed that significant reduction in plant height, tiller number/ hill and leaf area in response to moisture stress. Application of salicylic acid to the stressed plants reduced the impact of moisture stress in the above characters. The tolerant variety Anjali exhibited least of reduction due to the impact of moisture stress among all the varieties. Similarly accumulation of the biomass decrease in response to moisture stress. The decrease was more pronounced in case of Parijat compared to Anjali. Beside all these leaf water potential and relative water content decreased in case of moisture stress but application of Salicylic acid to the stressed plants reduced the impact of moisture stress Anjali recorded the highest mean RWC, RGR, CGR and NAR. Stress at PI are more pronounced than other stages of growth. LAI also decreased at tillering, PI and flowering stage respectively as compared to control. Decrease in LAD, root volume was also observed on account of moisture stress. Chl-a, Chl-b, Total Chlorophyll content and CSI also decreased on account of moisture stress in all the varieties. The reduction in value of these characters was lower in tolerant varieties compared to the susceptible ones. When the moisture stress was imposed the NR activity decreased irrespective of the stage of the growth and the varieties. The tolerant variety Anjali recorded the highest NR activity in stress conditions compared to others. In contrast the proline content was found to accumulate more in case of susceptible varieties than the tolerant varieties. The N, P, K content of the shoot was decreased in response to imposition of moisture stress at all the stages of growth irrespective of the varieties .However the yield and the yield attributing characters like number of productive tillers, filled grains/panicle,1000-grain weight, HI were significantly decreased but the application of Salicylic acid increased in all the varieties. The reduction of yield due to stress in tolerant cultivars was the lowest as compared to susceptible varieties. In view of the present findings Anjali was found to be more tolerant than other varieties and the effect of Salicylic acid was found to be more significant in all the varieties.
Open Access
Study of Dielectric relaxation of graphene oxide
(Department of Physics, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2019) Nayak, Shibani; Baag, Sushama; Parida, Chhatrapati; Acharya, Manas Ranjan
Herein this present work graphene oxide(GO) and by its subsequent reduction using ascorbic acid reduced graphene oxide(RGO) are synthesized using Hummers method.. Go and RGO pellets are prepared using polyvinyl alcohol and characterized by XRD, FTIR and UV spectroscopy.The characterization results revealed presence of oxygen containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic group in GO and the removal of these functional groups after treatment with ascorbic acid. The dielectric and impedance parameters of GO pellets has been studied in the frequency range 1 Hz to 1MHz and in the temperature range 300C to 100 0C.The result demonstrate giant dielectric permittivity of GO (∼105) with low loss at 1 Hz and at 30 °C, which is even very high compared to conventional dielectric materials such as CaCu3Ti4O12 and perosvkites. The dielectric constant of GO decreases to 75 at frequency of 1MHz.The ac conductivity of our GO was calculated and found to be 4 × 10−5 ohm-1cm-1at 1Hz and 75 × 10−5 ohm-1cm-1 at 1 MHz .The variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss, ac conductivity of GO with varying frequency and varying temperature are assessed using dielectric spectroscopy. The role of functional groups, frequency and temperature are elucidated and discussed with regard to the high dielectric constant. The present findings suggest that the GO can be used for scaling advances high performance electronic devices and high dielectric-based electronic and energy storage devices.
Open Access
Study of surface structure and optical properties of PMMA films treated for different time in DC glow discharge (air) plasma
(Department of Physics, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2019) Acharjya, Debadutta; Panigrahi, Manorama; Parida, Sabyasachi; Acharya, Manas Ranjan
In this paper PMMA films were prepared by solution casting method and were subjected to DC glow discharge (air) plasma treatment for different intervals of time(2.5 min ,5 min ,7.5 min). The films were then characterized through techniques like FTIR, UV-Vis, SEM to study their surface structure and optical properties. FTIR analysis revealed that there were no new peaks or peak shift observed in the treated films. While the characteristic intensity decreased with increase in treatment time which is due to decrease in no. of bonds and interaction of PMMA film surface with the electron, ion, radical and UV radiation of plasma. Study of UV-Vis analysis showed us that there was an increase in the transmittance percentage during shorter time treatment (2.5 min) because surface impurities were reduced and hydroxyl groups were reduced. But during longer time treatment (5 min, 7.5 min) transmittance decreased due to generation of electrons on PMMA surface due to the effect of plasma. There were no significant changes in bandgaps of the films reported due to low power plasma treatment which was confirmed from other researchers. The SEM micrographs indicated that the roughness of films increased with increase in treatment time. This result also confirmed the result of transmittance of UV-Vis analysis.
Open Access
Synthesis and structure studies of SrMnO3 perovskite oxide
(Department of Physics, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2019) Parida, Jitendra; Mohanty, Basanti; Kissan, Bhagaban; Acharya, Manas Ranjan
In this study ,I have taken the SrCO3 and MnO2 in stoicheometry proportion for getting synthesized SrMnO3 . After taking this compound I had to grind it both in air as well as in wet medium for five hours. Then the prepared compound was calcinated about the temperature 1200ª. And this process was repeated many times to get the correct one. Finally the prepared compound was characterized using had been send for characterization such as XRD and Raman spectrometer. X-ray diffraction scan showed that the sample was poly crystalline in nature with a combination of hexagonal and cubic phases. The phonon modes in lower frequenciesy region 100-400 cm-1 were found to be originating in-phase and out-phase. However in the higher frequency range from 400-700 cm-1, the modes are originating from twisting or breathing of face sharing triangle of O-ion parallel or perpendicular to c-axis.

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