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ThesisItem Open Access Preparation of GIS based soil fertility maps of RRTTS and KVK farm, G.Udayagiri and identification of soil related crop production constraints(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Rahangdale, Kamesh Kumar; Mishra, Antaryami; Patra, Ranjan Kumar; Jena, Satyananda; Nayak, Rabindra KumarA detailed plot wise surface (0-15cm) soil sample collection and soil profile study was conducted in RRTTS and KVK farm, G.Udayagiri located in the North Eastern Ghat Agroclimatic region of odisha. The RRTTS and KVK farm lies along a toposequence with three distinct land types comprising of upland, medium land and low land. Upland soils are the sites of soil erosion with less moisture, more coarse fragments and low fertility status and that of low land soils are mostly characterized by impeded drainage and high water table and high soil fertility status. Pedon 1 is classified as fine, mixed, hyperthermic, Kanhaplic Rhodustalf and pedon 2 is classified as fine, mixed, hyperthermic kandic, Paleustalf where as pedon 3 is classified as fine-loamy, mixed, hyperthermic, Aeric Ochraqualfs. Since, a well formed toposequence is found in the study area, there were distinct variations in soil morphological, physical, chemical properties including variations in soil fertility status of the surface soil along the toposequence. The results obtained show that available nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur content increased towards the lower topographic position which may be attributed to increase in amount of organic carbon content in the lower topographic position due to high moisture content. There was an increasing trend of available potassium observed from higher to lower topographic position which can be attributed to the increasing clay percentage along the toposequence. Available iron, manganese, copper, zinc and boron content were also found to be increasing towards the lower topographic position which can be attributed to increase in amount of organic carbon content. Textural class of surface soil samples of the study area were found to vary in between loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam and sandy clay. Clay percentage in the medium land and low land were found to be higher than that of upland. The soil reaction was vary from very strongly acidic to slightly acidic (pH 4.67 to 6.1) . Electrical conductivity for all the surface soils were found to be less than 1 dSm-1 and hence are safe for all types of crop production . Organic carbon status for the surface soil was found to be in low to high range (4.4 to 12.8 g kg 1); available N low to medium (82.4 to 336 kg ha-1); Bray’s P low to high (12 to 48 kg ha-1 ) and available K ranges from medium to high (239 to 438 kg ha- 1. Available Fe and Mn status were found to be of high range (Fe 30.2 to 218.1 mg kg-1); (21 to 177 mg kg-1)and that of Cu (0.48 to 3.0 mg kg-1); Zn (0.6 to 3.2 mg kg-1)were found to be sufficient .Soil acidity was found to be the major crop production constraint of the study area. So, application of liming materials along with application of soil test based fertilizers and manures will help in optimizing crop productivity as well as sustaining soil health.ThesisItem Open Access GIS based mapping of secondary and micronutrients status of soils of Sundergarh district(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Nayak, Soumyakanta; Nayak, Rabindra Kumar; Patra, Ranjan Kumar; Biswasi, Sajeeb Kumar; Sahoo, Bharat Chandra; Jena, BanditaSoil is considered to be the integral part of landscape. The information on their characteristic, classification, location and distribution, is required for any developmental planning in particular area. Information on soil status related to micro and secondary nutrients of an area is required for proper development of any agricultural planning. Sundergarh district is coming under the North Western Plateau Zone as per the agro climatic zone of Odisha. To know detailed status of basic properties, surface and sub-surface distribution of secondary and micronutrients 340 no. of surface soil samples with latitude & longitude value of the spot for georeferencing were collected from 17 blocks , 3 representative pedons each one from up, medium & low land from crop field of Regional Research Sub Station ,Kirei ,Sundergarh were exposed & analysed. It was observed that colour of the Pedon soil was reddish yellow to dark brown with showing richness of Fe. Soil is derived from acid forming parent materials and leaching of bases occurs in below layers leads to development of surface soil acidity. Bulk density of Pedon ranged from 1.42 to 1.62 Mg/m3 and increased downward. Pore space varied from 38.97% to 44.53% and showed a reverse trend. Sand content decreases but clay content increased from surface to sub-surface layer (13.3 to 28.7%) ensuring heaviness in the texture towards bottom layers and deficient with S, B & Zn and sufficient with Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn & Cu nutrients , found acidic in surface and increased downwards (5.11-6.47), normal EC (0.05-0.17), SOC ranged from 0.19-0.68%,.; The content of exchangeable Ca and Mg of all the layers of the three pedons were sufficient , i.e., 4.2 to 8.7 cmol(p+)/kg & 2.6 to 5.1 cmol(p+)/kg , respectively. The available Sulphur content varied from 4.2 to 12.10 mg/kg with highest content in the surface soil and decreasing downward in below layers. Out of 340 surface soil samples, 87.93% are acidic, non-saline (0.038-0.709). The SOC varied from 0.13-1.09%, So application of adequate quantity of organic matter is recommended. The exchangeable Ca and Mg content were found to be sufficient in all the samples with little or no deficiency. The available Sulphur content varied from 0.42 to 78.14 mg/kg with 46.17 PSD. application of S @ 30 kg/ha for cereals, 40 kg/ha for pulses & 45kg/ha for oilseeds is recommended. The DTPA- Fe, Mn, Cu, ranged from 1.04 - 235.72, 1.64 - 209.64, 0.16 – 8.17 mg/kg, respectively and found sufficient. The DTPA-Zn and hot water-soluble boron (HWS-B) content varied from 0.22 to 3.96 mg/kg and 0.11 to 2.79 mg/kg showing deficiency of 22.94 % and 54.7 %. The single nutrient deficiency was in the order of B>S>Zn. To avoid the B and Zn deficiency in soils of Sundergarh, Zn @ 5kg/ha soil application and B @ 1.5kg/ha soil application for a cropping sequence & foliar application @ 0.3% is recommended. Multi-nutrient deficiency of S+B, Zn+B, S+Zn, & S+B+Zn were observed to the extent of 26.17%, 11.17%, 9.41% & 3.82% respectively. The cause of deficiency is due to lack of these nutrients in the parent materials, crop removal and negligence to supplement these nutrients from external sources. Deficiency of more than one nutrient in one soil is highly dangerous for crop growth. Hence emphasis on the application of deficient nutrients for improving the crop yield & nutrient recommendations for different crops at village level can only help the farming community effectively. on the basis of the above result GIS fertility maps for pH, SOC, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn & B using ArcGIS 10.6.1 were prepared.ThesisItem Open Access Soil nitrogen transformation under long term INM practices in an acid Inceptisols(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Jana, Anindita; Mandal, Mitali; Patra, R. K.; Jena, S. N.; Panda, Narayan; Pattanayak, S. K.The study on N transformation and quantifying N balance under intensive cropping system enables optimal N fertilization management practice for reducing environmental risks and improving N supplying capacity of soil. New cultivation strategies like incorporation of biological fertilizers with chemical and organic fertilizers are required to reduce environmental risk with an increasing yield. Blackgram is one of the most important pulse crops in India. Therefore, a long term field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2019 to study the “Soil nitrogen transformation under long term INM practices in an acid Inceptisols” at College of Agriculture, O.U.A.T., Bhubaneswar. The test crop blackgram of present study was the 25 th crop in sequence. The experiment was initiated with 10 different INM treatments, namely : (1) absolute control, (2) STD + FYM, (3) STD + VC, (4) STD + F + BFs, (5) STD + VC + BFs, (6) STD + F + L + BFs, (7) STD + VC + L + BFs, (8) STD (100 % NPK) (9) BFs alone, (10) 50 % STD + BFs. Biofertilizers like Rhizobium was seed inoculated @ 50 g kg-1 seed and PSB for soil application was applied @ 4 kg ha-1 as per treatment inoculated to 5 % limed vermicompost, incubated for 7 days and applied as basal. The soil test dose of N-P-K-S for the test crop was 30-13-30-30 kg ha-1 supplied through Navaratna (20-20-0-13), urea and MOP. The doses of FYM and vermicompost were 5 and 2.5 t ha-1 respectively. Long term INM package of practices significantly influenced inorganic N, organic N fractions, and total N in soil. Organic N fractions constituted 90.9 to 94.9% of total N as compared with 5.1 to 9.1% share of Inorganic N. Integration of inorganics with organics, biofertilizers and lime helped to significant increase in the total soil N, total hydrolysable- N (THN) (amino acid-N, ammonia N, amino sugar-N, hydrolysable unknown-N) and non-hydrolysable-N (NHN).All the nitrogen fractions decreased with increase in depth. Of the total hydrolysable-N fraction in soil, ammonia-N constituted 25.4%, amino acid-N 38%, amino sugar-N 6.6%, and hydrolysable unknown-N 30%. A trend towards increasing potential mineralizable N (N0) by adoption of INM package of practices was observed. There was 72% yield loss in sole application of inorganic fertilizers as compared to unfertilized control. Even 50% reduced inorganic fertilization recorded 109% significant yield increment over STD when combined with biofertilizers. Conjunctive application of biofertilizers, inorganics and various organic inputs increased total yield maximum up to 133% over unfertilized treatment whereas, lime inclusion held significant variation in total crop productivity by adding extra 42% yield. N uptake by crop, maintenance of soil acidity at lower level (higher pH), higher available nutrients and higher organic carbon status in post-harvest soil were influenced by INM practices. All the nitrogen fractions except NHN were positively and significantly correlated with Crop yield and Nutrient uptake in surface layer.ThesisItem Open Access Soil microbial attributes as influenced by contrasting tillage, residue and weed management practices under rice based cropping system of coastal Odisha(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Mishra, Kshitendra Narayan; Patra, Ranjan Kumar; Mishra, Manamohan; Mandal, MitaliLand and crop management practices influence soil microbial environment which in turn mediate many processes essential for soil biological functioning. However, very little knowledge is available on the interactions between agricultural management practices with soil microbial attributes notably in the intensely cultivated coastal agro-ecosystem of Odisha. Keeping this in view, a field experiment on tillage and weed management practices in rice-based cropping system has been established at Central Research Station, OUAT, Bhubaneswar during 2014 (under AICRP on Weed Management) in strip plot design to study the impact on TOC, MBC, STN, MBN, microbial population, enzyme activities and available nutrients of soils across the profile (0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm) at the end of the 5th cropping cycle. The treatment combinations with conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT) are CT-CT-F (Fallow), CT-ZT-ZT, CT-CT-ZT, ZT-ZT-ZT and ZT-ZT-ZT+R (Residue) in main plot and weed management practices involving application of herbicide, herbicide with mechanical weeding and hand weeding, hand weeding and hoeing in sub plots. Adoption of ZT and ZT+R, five years in succession, elevated the TOC (+55.3% and +43.1%), STN (+39.9% and +43.3%), MBC (+83.4% and +98.2%), MBN (+53.5% and +55.8%) in the top two soil layers, whereas, repeated inversion of soils in the CT system exhibited a decline in the concentrations of these parameters. The enhanced qMic (+18.1%, and +37.4%), MBN/STN ratio ((+11.8% and +8.4%) and TOC stratification ratio (2.08 to 2.12) in surface layers under ZT systems indicated overall soil eco-system functioning. ZT system also improved the microbial population, enzyme activities and available nutrient pools within the short span of five years. These soil microbial properties were shown to be sensitive indicators of long-term tillage management under coastal agro-ecosystem. The weed management practices did not influence the SOM and microbial pools much, even after 5 years of study. TOC has been identified as the master driver influencing MBC (r = 0.95**), population of bacteria (r = 0.95**), fungi (r = 0.92**), actinomycetes (r = 0.95**), DHA (r = 0.96**) and acid phosphatase activity (r = 0.96**) in the surface 0-5 cm layer. The study leads to recommend ZT system with high residue retention to improve the SOC and microbial properties of coastal soils of Odisha and thus contribute to the sustainability of agriculture in this ecosystem.ThesisItem Open Access Zinc fractionation studies in soils under horticulture based cropping systems of coastal Odisha(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemestry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Kumar, Ketan; Laxminarayana, K.; Patra, R.K.; Nayak, R.K.; Jena, S.N.A total of 40 profie soil samples were collected from seven coastal districts of Odisha, comprising Ganjam, Balasore, Puri, Khordha, Bhadrak, Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur. The profile soil samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, soil physico-chemical properties, zinc fractions and the fresh soil samples were enumerated for microbes and enzyme activities. The soils varied in texture from loamy sand to sandy clay laom, strongly acidic to neutral in reaction (pH ranged from 4.49 – 7.25), non-saline to strongly saline(EC ranged from 0.28 to 8.49 dS m-1), and having low to high organic carbon (0.12 to 1.64%), low to medium in available N (155 – 409 kg ha-1), P (5.86 - 32.41 kg ha-1), and low to high available K (112 – 550 kg ha-1), sufficient levels of secondary nutrients, toxic levels of Fe & Mn and low to high in available Zn (0.204 – 0.824 mgkg-1). The profile soils of Jagatsinghpur district showed higher available nutrient status followed by Puri, Khordha, Bhadrak and Ganjam. Profile soils of Balasore has recorded highest counts of total fungi (49 x104cfu g-1) and actinomycetes (45 x 104 cfu g-1), whereas highest bacterial populations have been recorded in the profile soils of Puri (54 x 105 cfu g-1). It was noticed that the profile soils of coastal Odisha contain higher bacterial counts followed by fungi and actinomycetes. Highest mean values of DHA and FDA (2.1866 µg TPF hr-1 g1and 3.876µg g-1 hr-1) were observed in the profile soils of Jagatsinghpur and highest acid phosphatase activities (69.81 µg PNP g-1 h-1) and alkaline phosphatase activities (55.43 PNP g-1 h-1) were recorded in the profile soils of Puri and Jagatsinghpur district respectively. Zinc fractions in the profile soils of coastal Odisha varied from 0.009 to 0.258 mg kg-1 of WS-Zn, 0.042 - 0.725 mg kg-1 of Ex-Zn, 0.125 - 0.764 mg kg-1of Sp-ab Zn, 0.179 to 0.882 mg kg-1of AS-Zn, 0.294 - 1.756 mg kg-1of MnO bound Zn, 0.221 to 1.526 mg kg-1of OM bound Zn, varied from, 0.009 to 0.258 mg kg-1of AFe occluded fraction, 0.562 - 2.342 mg kg-1of CFe occluded fraction, 3.114 to 17.875 mg kg-1of residual Zn and 6.938 to 29.057 mg kg-1 of total Zn. The available zinc fractions (WS-Zn& Ex-Zn) were found very low to low indicating that the profile soils under study is deficient in the availability of zinc. The occurrence of various fractions of Zn in the profile soils of coastal Odisha was found to be in the order of residual Zn > AFe occluded Zn > CFe occluded Zn > OM bound Zn > MnO bound Zn > Sp-ab Zn > AS-Zn > Ex- Zn > WS-Zn. Residual Zn and total Zn were found to have highest significant relationship with almost all the soil properties and enzyme activities of the profile soils. The WS-Zn fraction showed positive and significant relationship with DHA, FDA, Urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities, indicating that WS-Zn fraction is readily available fraction in the soil solution, which will be a constituent for various soil enzymes. The profile soils of coastal districts of Odisha widely varied in terms of soil properties, Zn fractions and microbial activities. The study emphasized that positive and significant relationship between Zn fractions with microbial activities as well as other soil properties necessitates to advocate suitable location specific nutrient management strategies for sustaining the productivity of various horticultural crops.ThesisItem Open Access Changes in soil physical environment under long term fertilization in rice-rice cropping system(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Ghosh, Soumyadeep; Mandal, Mitali; Patra, Ranjan Kumar; Jena, S. N.; Dash, Ashish KumarTo evaluate the impact of management practices on the soil environment it is necessary to quantify the modifications to the soil physical environment. Soil physical properties are the important indicators of the impact of soil and crop management practices. Optimum soil physical health plays a crucial role in maintaining soil health and soil quality in rice-rice cropping system. Long-term manure application in combination with chemical fertilizers is a possible management alternative for restoring the degraded soil physical quality and crop productivity of such. Therefore, a long- term fertilizer experiment was conducted to study the changes in soil physical environment under long term fertilization in rice-rice cropping system. Soil samples at different soil depth (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) of post-rabi 2018-19 were collected from experimental field of long-term fertilizer experiment started in the year 2005-06 in the central farm of OUAT under AICRP in an acidic sandy loam soil taking Lalat (IR-2071) as a test crop. The experiment was systematically initiated with quadruplicated 12 treatments in a Randomized Block Design. The treatments were 100%PK, 100%NPK, 150%NPK, 100%NPK+Zn, 100%NPK+FYM, 100%NPK+Lime+FYM, 100%NPK+B+Zn, 100%NPK+S+Zn, 100%N, 100%NP, 100%NPK+Lime and Control. The soil test dose of N-P2O5-K2O for the test crop was 80-40-60 kg ha-1 supplied through DAP, urea and MOP. The doses of FYM was 5 t ha-1 . The fertilization systems significantly influenced soil physical properties. Bulk density was significantly lower with manure corresponding to maximum SOC content. Clay content were significantly lower in surface soil (0-15cm) compared to sub-surface soil. The application of manure improved the soil porosity and the maximum water holding capacity of soil (MWHC). Incorporation of FYM along with mineral fertilizer increased saturated hydraulic conductivity (HC), percent water stable aggregate (WSA), macroaggregates and all the aggregate indices like mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), aggregate ratio (AR) and aggregate stability (AS) in comparison to unfertilized control and mineral treatments. Combined use of NPK and FYM improved the soil nutrient status as well as crop productivity. The correlations of soil physical parameters like HC, MWHC, Macroaggregates, MWD, GMD, AR and AS with crop productivity and nutrient uptake positive and highly significant. Multiple regression equation predicted that bulk density, maximum water holding capacity and aggregation were the most important contributor in determining the crop yield. These results confirmed that application of organic manure along with fertilizers is essential to maintain soil physical quality as well as yield sustainability.ThesisItem Open Access Efficiency of native strains of Raikia bean rhizobia under field condition(Department of Soil science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) P P, Athul; Patra, Ranjan Kumar; Panda, N.; Paikaray, R.K.; Mukhi, S. K.The study entitled “Efficiency of native strains of Raikia bean rhizobia under field condition” was carried out in two phases, (i) the infectivity test to study nodulating ability of the two isolated strains- RBHR- 15 and RBHR-21 with the help of micro pot experiment, and (ii) field efficiency testing of these two native strains. The pot experiment was performed in the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar and the field experiment at KVK farm, G. Udayagiri in Kandhamal district of Odisha. The micro pot experiment was carried out with sterilized river sand, soil, vermicompost mixture (1:1:1) in 500g capacity pots. The test crop Raikia bean received six treatments, namely; (1) No inoculation and no liming- Control, (2) Seed inoculation with RBHR-15, (3) Seed inoculation with RBHR-21, (4) Soil application of lime @ 0.2 LR alone, (5) Soil application of lime + Seed inoculation with RBHR-15 and (6) Soil application of lime + seed inoculation with RBHR-21. The crop was grown up to 60 days after germination (DAG). Root nodules were observed in all the inoculation treatments and the numbers ranged from 18 to 33 and 28 to 43 per plant at crop growth stages 40 and 60 DAG, respectively. The RBHR-21 strain superseded RBHR-15 significantly in nodulation behaviors such as total nodule number and number of effective nodules per plant, their weight and nodular N content at both the stages of crop growth. The root parameters of the crop like root length, weight, relative root growth rate, volume and density were higher for RBHR-21 than RBHR-15 under all experimental conditions. The better photosynthetic activity of the crop in terms of chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b and total chlorophyll content of the leaves were measured in the crop receiving RBHR-21 seed inoculation than the RBHR-15 strain. The efficiency of the strains improved (33%) considerably when the acid soil was limed @ 0.2 LR. The result of the pot experiment was verified in a field experiment conducted in acid Alfisols of KVK farm, G. Udayagiri. The efficiency of the two native isolated strains of Raikia bean Rhizobium was tested through seed inoculation of crop where there were two fertilizer management practices, namely; farmers practice (50: 60:25 kg N: P2O5: K2O ha-1 ) and soil test based recommended dose (60: 80: 60 kg N: P2O5: K2O ha-1 ), integrated with liming of soil either alone or together with boron application to soil @ 1 kg ha-1 . All these practices were examined against one control practice where there was neither inoculation with any Rhizobium strain nor liming of soil or boron application to soil. The treatment receiving seed inoculation with RBHR-21 strain resulted in a pod yield of 1550 kg ha-1 showing an increase by 20 percent compared to the treatment receiving seed inoculation with RBHR-15 strain alone. Adoption of soil test dose of fertilizers integrated with seed inoculation with RBHR-21 alone or associating liming of soil alone or lime and boron application together increased pod yield by 12, 9 and 8.8 per cent higher than the yield of 2810, 3370 and 3667 kg ha-1 in respective practices inoculated with RBHR-15. Adoption of soil test-based fertilizer application had the advantage of 23.6 per cent in pod yield over farmer’s practice. Liming practice of acid soil improved the pod yield ranging from 17.4 to 20 per cent. Similarly, supplementing soil deficient micronutrient B could enhance the crop productivity by 8.2 to 8.8 per cent over no B supplementation. Between two native strains of rhizobia the RBHR-21 was found to be superior than RBHR-15. However, both the strains can successfully be used for bio-inoculation of Raikia bean crop. Based on the relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) values, the different practice can be arranged in the order: S1(21) < S2 (52)< FP (55) < FP+ S1(84) < FP+ S2 (93)ThesisItem Open Access Efficiency testing of isolated Rhizobium strains of Arhar (Cajanus cajan L.) grown in Alfisols of Bhubaneswar(Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT Bhubaneswar, 2020) Khuntia, Debabrat; Panda, Narayan; Patra, R.K.; Pattanayak, S.K.; Mandal, Mitali; Bhol, RajkumariThe study entitled “Efficiency testing of isolated Rhizobium strains of Arhar (Cajanus cajan L.) grown in Alfisols of Bhubaneswar” was conducted in a sandy soil having strongly acidic soil reaction located in the Central farm in OUAT, Bhubaneswar in rabi, 2019 to estimate the efficiency of Rhizobium strains under field conditions. The soil of the experimental site was deficient in OC and available N, K, S, B, Zn and medium in P status. The crop arhar (cv.PRG 176) received nine treatments namely: (i) No seed inoculation control, (ii) seed inoculation with BRP-2, (iii) seed inoculation with BRP-4, (iv) seed inoculation with BRP-8, (v) seed inoculation with BRP-20, (vi) seed inoculation with BRP-28, (vii) seed inoculation with BRP 56 and (viii) seed inoculation with CHRS-7 and (ix) Seed inoculation with CHRS-7 + Soil application of lime under BMP. All the treatments received recommended dose of fertiliser and organics as per soil test whereas, lime was applied @ 0.2 LR in the best management practice (BMP) keeping in view the local soil acidity constraint. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium significantly increased the relative growth parameters, nodular characteristics and pod and seed characteristics. In addition to that, the potentiality of arhar crop producing only 408 kg seed ha-1 without any seed inoculation could be enhanced by 101, 85, 84, 82, 96, 94 and 118 per cent for BRP-2, BRP-4, BRP-8, BRP-20, BRP-28, BRP-56 and CHRS-7, respectively to produce 745 to 888 kg seed ha-1 by inoculating the seeds with proper Rhizobium. The experiment revealed better uptake of nutrients in the inoculated practices and performed in the order Control < BRP-20 < BRP-8 < BRP-4 < BRP-56ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of soil fertility status of Jharsuguda district of Odisha by use of GIS(Department of Soil science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, 2020) Yeti; Jena, Bandita; Patra, Ranjan Kumar; Nayak, Rabindra Kumar; Sahoo, Bharat Chandra; Bhol, RajkumariA survey was conducted to assess the extent of secondary and micronutrient deficiency in soils of Jharsuguda district of Odisha, India an agriculturally important district as 61.8% of population of the district depends on agricultural activities. For this study GPS based 200 no of surface soils were collected from 5 blocks of Jharsuguda during 2019. Along with the surface soil one subsurface profile sample was collected at 20 cm interval from 0-100 cm to know the vertical distribution of nutrients. Soils after collection were air dried, processed , analyzed following standard procedure ,data are processed with GIS software for generation of digitized fertility maps after interpretation was used for identification of constraints followed by recommendation of management practices. Subsurface distribution of nutrients revealed that pH in surface layer was acidic and it increased gradually in subsurface layers due to deposition of leached materials from surface to subsurface layer. Throughout the subsurface EC was non saline and decreased downward. Organic carbon status was medium in surface soil and it gradually decreased in lower layers. Major nutrients like N, P and secondary nutrients like S content were more in surface layer and values gradually decreased in subsurface layers except available Potassium which increased downward due to increase in clay content. Exchangeable Ca and Mg content was sufficient and gradually increased in subsurface layers. Results of surface soil analysis it was found that Soil reaction (pH) varied from 4.4- 7.5 with mean value of 5.25, indicating dominance of acidic soils (95.8 %) , non saline low to medium in organic carbon (40 % Low). Organic carbon content of surface soils of different blocks of Jharsuguda district varied from 0.02-1.31 % with mean value of 0.73 %. Available Nitrogen content of soils of Jharsuguda varied from 13.9-980 kg/ha with a mean value of 454 kg/ha, Available Phosphorus content ranged from 1.0-45.5Kg/ha with mean value of 7.47 kg/ha, and Available Potassium content ranged from 80-332 kg/ha with mean value of 169 kg/ha. Available Sulphur ranged from 2.7 -217.2 mg/kg with a mean value of 28.42 mg/kg indicating Sulphur status is moderate to high. Deficiency percent ranged from 7.5 % in Jharsuguda block to highest deficiency of 42.5 % in Laikera block with district mean Sulphur deficiency of 20.5 per cent of the samples analyzed. Among micronutrients Zn distribution in surface soils varied from 0.1- 44.8 mg/kg with mean value of 1.26 mg/kg and overall Zn deficiency of 30 % of samples analyzed. Other cationic micronutrients like Mn, Fe, Cu distribution was sufficient in soils of all blocks of Jharsuguda district. Hot water soluble Boron content varied from 0 .03-2.81 with mean value of 0.38. Highest deficiency of 74.4 % samples were observed for boron. Multinutrient deficiency of S+B+Zn was observed to the extent of 9% of samples whereas B+Zn was maximum upto 25.5%. From the above study it was concluded that in soils of Jharsuguda deficiency of Boron, Zinc and Sulphur were mostly observed and followed the order B>Zn> S .Hence Vegetables, oilseed crops, Cereals crops need micro-secondary nutrient management either through soil application or foliar spray to increase the production and productivity potential the soils and to maintain soil heath in longrun.
