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ThesisItem Open Access “SONOCHEMICAL EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. AND ITS TERMICIDAL ACTIVITY”(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2018-07-01) Bara, Anupama; Purohit, ParimitaExperiment conducted on sonochemical extraction of powdered seed oil from Hibiscus sabdariffa is having more than 50% extractability with ethanol and 27.57% extractability with hexane. It showed high termicidal activity. Though the essential oils are biodegradable, eco-friendly oil, donot show residual effect on environment, non toxic to plants and warm blooded animals. So it can be used as an effective organic termicideThesisItem Open Access ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF EXTRACELLULAR POLYMERIC SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED FROM SUB-AERIAL CYANOBACTERIA, ODISHA(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2018-07-01) Behera, Madhuchhanda; Samad, Lakshmi KumariCyanobacteria Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) have been considered as important natural resources which can be used for different biotechnological applications. Four different cyanobacteria were isolated from different sub-aerial habitats such as buildings, monuments and temples considering as an extreme environments. All the four strains were microscopically analysed with Alcian blue pH 2.5 as well as using Scanning Electron Microscope reveal the presence of EPS in sheath form or capsules. This study used different successive EPS extraction such as tightly bound EPS (TEPS), loosely bound EPS (LEPS) and released EPS (REPS) by following both physical and chemical extraction methods. Anthrone reagent analysis reveals that the presence of polysaccharides as a major component in all the extracted EPS studied. Interestingly among all the extracted EPS, TEPS in the form of crude and partially purified (after TLC analysis) was found to be good source of antibacterial agents instead of antifungal agents. Analysis of partially purified TEPS from crude TEPS of all the investigated cyanobacteria strains using FT-IR spectroscopy showed that the major functional groups like alcohols, phenols, amines and alkynes which indicate their antibacterial agents without showing any antifungal activity. This studied exhibited the developmental potential of Scytonema species through proper investigation, to identify the active principle present in the tightly bound extracellular polymeric substance and also in vivo studies for exploitation in the fields of biotechnological as well as pharmaceutical applications. Key Words: Sub-aerial cyanobacteria, EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances), Polysaccharides, Antimicrobial activity, TLC, FT-IR.ThesisItem Open Access INVESTIGATION OF DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF Cr-Fe PHYTOTOXICITY IN Vigna radiata(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2018-07-01) Naik, Hitakankshi; Dash, DebasisMungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the leguminous and nutrious crop plant. Seeds were germinated under different concentrations of iron, chromium and ironchromium in combined form contaminated soil with garden soil in the pot. So the pot were prepared in the different concentrations of soil by mixing chromium and iron contaminated soil with garden soil. Morphological parameters like shoot length, root length, seedling length, seedling vigour index, fresh weight, dry weight, SLA and biochemical parameters like chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were observed and analysed in 15th and 30th days of growth. Found that in iron treatments maximum plant shows enhanced growth at 50% concentration then gradually decreases. In chromium treatments maximum plants shows highest growth at 20% concentration then gradually decreases upto 60% by showing minimum growth and in iron-chromium combined form maximum growth was observed at 30% concentration then gradually decreases and minimum growth is observed at 60% concentration.ThesisItem Open Access Encapsulation of green gram seed with lime influencing its productivity and quality(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2016-07-01) Pati, Subhasmita; Pattranayak, Sushanta KumarThe study on “Influence of coating of seeds of green gram with lime on yield and quality, grown in acid soil” was undertaken with eight treatment (input) combinations. The established fact is that, growing of pulse crops in acid soil need liming in addition to seed inoculation with Rhizobium, application of soil test based fertilizers preferably with organics (FYM). The liming is practiced below seed zone mixed with FYM in small doses (0.2 LR). The proposed test practice was to coat the Rhizobium inoculated seeds with lime using stickers like gum acacia and sagoo. Over all the lime coating of seed performed better than below seed zone placement of lime. Among stickers sagoo when used as sticker performed better than gum acacia used with FYM (10 %) raising the seed yield to a level of 866 kg ha-1 from 787 kg ha-1. Seeds produced out of the proposed practice was of better quality in terms of better germinating property with higher protein content (27.5 %). The disadvantage of the practice was only on duration of storage of lime coated seed which was maximum for 20 days. The practice of lime coating of seeds was remunerative in doubling the income of Rs.2.09 out of one rupee invest by the farmer.ThesisItem Open Access GC-MS ANALYSIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Calotropis gigantea(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2015-07-01) CHHATOI, HIRANYAMAYEE; Pattanaik, Pratap KeshariFrom pre-historic times to the modern era in many parts of the world, plants, animals and other natural objects have profound influence on culture and civilization of man. Since the beginning of civilization, human beings have worshiped plants. Plants are conserved as a genetic resource and used as food, fibre, fertilizer, fuel and febrifuge as in every other way. Many medicinal plants are considered to be potential antimicrobial natural therapeutic agents as well as a source for novel compounds of antimicrobial activity with possible new modes of action. In current scenario of medical and pharmaceutical advancement, microbes involve in the change of their metabolism and genetic structure to acquire resistant against the drugs used in the treatment of common infectious disease ( Fred et al.,2006; Raghunath et al., 2008). These drug resistant candidates are more pathogenic with high mortality rate and become a great challenge in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry. To overcome microbial drug resistant, scientists are looking forward for the development of alternative and novel drugs.ThesisItem Open Access Screening of Bacillus sp. As efficient Phosphate Solubilizers(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2015-07-01) Pattanaik, Sparsha; Rout, AbhijeetaPlant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria(PGPR) are a heterogenous group of bacteria that can be found in the rhizosphere,at root surfaces association with the roots, which can improve the extent and quality of plant growth directly and or indirectly. A total of ten bacterial isolates were isolated from rhizospheric soil. which were subjected to morphological and biochemical characterization Out of the ten isolates ,five isolates were found to be Bacillus sp. These five isolates were tested for their solubilization index and solubilization efficiency.which ranged from 2.36 to5.33 and 136.36 to 433.33 in NBRIP medium First isolate B1 was having no phosphate solubilization index and phosphate solubilization efficiency and the fourth isolateB4 was having highest phosphate solubilization index5.33 and phosphate solubilization efficiency433.33 In PVK medium only third isolate B3 showed the result having phosphate solubilization index and solubilization efficiency 2.14 and114.28 respectively. The result obtained from quantitative bioassay was 58.8±3 μg/ml and 85.2±3 μg/ml for 5th day and 10th day respectively as the highest concentration of Phosphate solubilization in broth medium for fourth isolateB4and lowest concentration of Phosphate solubilization in broth medium is 27.9±7μg/ml and 74.1±7 μg/ml for 5thday and10thday respectively for third isolate.B3 The highest and lowest solubilization percentage for 5th day is 5.88%for B4 and 2.7% forB3 respectivey and for 10th day the lowest percentage is6.21% for B5 highest percentage is8.52% forB4 .Lowest pH was found to be5.6 shown by isolate B2 and B3. Highest pH was was found to be 6.2 which was shown byB5ThesisItem Open Access Study On Blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.)Hepper) Genotype suitable for East and South Eastern Coastal Plane Zone of Odisha(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2015-07-01) Barik, Sushree Sangita; Mishra, B.BUrd bean (Vigna mungo(L.)Hepper) is one of the most popular pulses in South East Asia and a substantial source of dietary protein in India. This crop is cultivated throughout the year in an area of 3.26 mha. With a productivity of 534 kg/ha in India and in Odisha 592.35 thousand/ha with a productivity of 457 Kg/ha(2012-13).The productivity level is not being enhanced substantially due to narrow genetic bases of the crop. For many biotic and abiotic stresses, reduction of its yield potentially occurs, sometime up to 100% loss. There are several methods to enhance the genetic base including improvement of yield and resistance characteristic of the crop of which Diallel (as suggested by Griffings, 1956) and mutation breeding are important. Hence an attempt was made for breeding for high yield and stress resistance genotypes of urdbean (Vigna mungo(L.) Hepper) through half-diallel and mutation breeding methods. Initially 340 genotypes were evaluated and selections of parents for different traits were decided. 31 genotype were selected for making half diallel crosses in order to understand the nature of gene action and magnitude of variability. The ANOVA for combining ability revealed high magnitude of SCA variance to GCA variance for almost all characters indicating preponderance of dominance variance than additive variance. In Crosses it is studied that PU-30-2, OBG-4,BBS-105, BBS-92, PDU-1-15 etc. were promising for several yield attributing traits. The mean yield per plant PU-30-2(13.881) was recorded highest in followed by OBG-4(13.712)and BBS-105(13.490.The 31 black gram genotypes showed wide and significant variation in all 10 traits including yield. Genetic parameters of traits, correlation among traits and path analysis revealed that selection for pods/plant, pod length and seeds/pod would be effective in isolation of high yielding genotypes. These genotype possess all suitable characters like early maturation, high yielding etc.ThesisItem Open Access IN VITRO MICROPROPAGATION, ACCLIMATIZATION AND ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC FIDELITY THROUGH RAPD ANALYSIS OF Eclipta alba(L.):AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2015-07-01) Priyadarshinee, Priyanka; Sardar, S.SEclipta alba (compositae) is an important medicinal herb found as a weed throughout India. Almost all of its parts are used in traditional system of medicine including seeds, roots and shoots and leaves. A number of phytochemical constituents have been isolated from the plant which possesses pharmacological activities like antibacterial, antifungal, diuretic, antiinflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-venomous, analgesic, anticancerous and various other important medicinal properties. Since the plant has enormous medicinal properties, there is an increasing worldwide attention towards harnessing the plant products. There is growing demand for plant raw material from herbal industry and therefore needs prime attention for its cultivation and conservation. Tissue culture techniques provide the best way for large scale production and in situ conservation of this plant. In the present study the whole experimentation gives an account of standardization of in vitro rapid micropropagation of Eclipta alba from nodal explants, its acclimatization and assessment of genetic fidelity through RAPD analysis. Clonal multiplication through in vitro culture of Eclipta alba is standardized. From different medium chosen MS medium gave the best result over B5 and SH medium. Among the three carbon sources sucrose was preferred over glucose and fructose. MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l BAP induced better shoot induction over other concentration of BAP. MS medium supplemented with 1mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5mg/l BAP resulted in organogenic calli from nodal shoot explants with higher callus induction frequency (90%). Both direct and indirect modes of shoot regeneration from shoot nodal explants are achieved in the plant. Shoot proliferation was done best on the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.25 mg/l IAA for the propagules regenerated directly, for the number of shoots and shooting length . Whereas indirect regeneration through calli when sub cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3mg/l BAP and 0.25mg/l IAA gave the best result for shoot proliferation for the number of shoots and percentage of response. The proliferated shoots were rooted in MS medium supplemented with different auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) of various concentrations. The best result was observed at 1mg/l IBA with the rooting response of 95%, number roots per shoot 19.8 and rooting length of 4.1 cm. In vitro plantlets were planted in plastic pots with various mixtures of soil,soil:sand (1:1), soil:vermicompost (1:1) etc. The best result of acclimatization was shown by soil:vermicompost (1:1) mixture with 94% survival. All the plantlets developed through in vitro culture have shown genetic homogenity with the mother plant when assessed through RAPD analysis. It can be used as a successful protocol for homogenous clonal propagation.ThesisItem Open Access ENCAPSULATION OF GREEN GRAM SEED WITH LIME INFLUENCING CROP ESTABLISHMENT, PRODUCTIVITY AND SEED QUALITY GROWN IN ACID SOIL(OUAT,Bhubaneswar, 2015-07-01) Majhi, Rojalin; Pattranayak, Sushanta Kumar“Encapsulation of green gram seed with lime influencing crop establishment, productivity and seed quality grown in acid soil” was carried out with the help of pot experiment in acid soil (pH 4.80), loamy sand in texture, with medium status of organic carbon (6.5 g kg-1 soil), lime required of 4.6 tonne ha-1, with low status of available N and S and high for P and K. The experiment comprised of five treatments, namely (i) absolute control, (2) Seed inoculation with Rhizobium, (3) Seed inoculation with Rhizobium with soil application of FYM, (4) Seed inoculation with Rhizobium, application of FYM and lime @ 0.2 LR and (5) seed inoculation with Rhizobium and coating with lime coat, soil applied with FYM. The crop received a common fertilizer dose of 120-52-100-74 mg N-P-K-S pot-1 ( six kg soil) in all the treatments except in control. Through FYM 280-68-140-46 mg of N-P-K-S per pot (six kg soil) were applied in FYM added treatments. The fertilizer and FYM added treatments received N-P-KS application of 400-120-240-120 mg/pot in total. Limed soil maintained neutral pH throughout growing period. Lime encapsulation of seed also maintained higher pH raising from 4.8 to 5.4 and 5.67 till the harvest of crop. In rest of the unlimed soils, the pH decreased (soil turned acidic). The integrated nutrient management practices influenced plant height, root length , leaf area and chlorophyll of leaf content significantly. These practices influenced both the nodular and pod characteristics significantly. The seed production , total biomass production and harvesting index of green gram crop increased considerably under the influence of INM practices. Such practices decreased seed to stover ratio from 1:2.0 to 1:1.72.