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    ThesisItemUnknown
    STUDIES ON OFF SEASON PRODUCTION OF FIELD BEANS (Lablab purpureus L.) IN COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH
    (College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University, 2018-01-10) PADMA EDE; Dr. K. Uma Jyothi
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on off season production of field beans (Lablab purpureus L.) in coastal Andhra Pradesh was carried out during summer 2014-15 and 2015-16 at Horticultural Research Station, Ambajipeta, East Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out with 36 different treatment combinations in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) each replicated thrice in open field and under shade net.The two experiments were carried out with four varieties viz., Arka Jay, Arka Amog, Arka Sambhram and Arka Sowmya with three different dates of sowing viz., December 15th, January1st and January15th with foliar spray of growth regulators viz., NAA 25 ppm, Triacontanol 2 ppm and control. The data were recorded on various growth, yield and quality parameters including nutrient uptake by the plant and the data were statistically analyzed based on ANOVA and least significant difference was used to differentiate the treatments. The above experiments were aimed to ascertain the best suitable variety with appropriate sowing date and to study the influence of growth regulators for off season production of field bean for coastal Andhra Pradesh in open field and under shade net conditions. The varieties exhibited significant differences for most of the vegetative characters in field bean in open field and under shade net conditions at different dates of observations recorded except for plant height at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest in open field, primary branches at 30 DAS in net house and secondary branches at 60 DAS in open field and 30 DAS in net house. Regarding yield attributing characters, Arka Sowmya (V4) recorded significantly highest number of flower buds per raceme, buds per node, maximum fruit set percentage, pod length and pod girth under open and shade net conditions. Arka Jay (V1) took minimum number of days for 50 per cent flowering (41.62days and 40.98 days) under open and shade net conditions. Arka Sowmya (V4) recorded significantly the highest number of pods per plant (78.03 and 52.53), highest pod yield per plant (355.25g and 237.72g), highest pod yield per hectare (197.36 q and 132.06 q) under open and shade net conditions respectively. Nutrient uptake and protein content of different varieties was non significant under open and shade net conditions. For quality attributes, Arka Amog (V2) recorded highest fibre content under open and shade net conditions and shelf life was more in shade net grown field beans than open field conditions. Sowing dates significantly influenced vegetative characters of field bean. The plant height was more in January 1st sown crop except at 30DAS and 90 DAS in open field and 60 and 90 DAS in shade net house. The number of primary branches, secondary branches and leaf area are more in January 1st sowing (S2) as compared to other dates of sowing. Sowing of field bean on January 1st recorded significantly the highest number of flower buds per raceme, number of buds per node, maximum fruit set percentage, and highest pod length in open and shade net conditions. January 1st sowing (S2) took least number of days for 50 per cent flowering (41.02) in open field and December 15th sowing took least number of days for 50 per cent flowering (40.60) under shade net. January 1st sowing recorded (S1) significantly highest number of pods plant per plant (86.05 and 52.98), highest pod yield per plant (367.99g and 232.68 g), highest pod yield per ha (204.43q and 129.26 q) under open and shade net. Growth regulators significantly influenced vegetative characters of field bean. The plant height, number of primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant and leaf area is more in field beans sprayed with Triacontanol 2 ppm except at few stages in open and shade net house. The yield attributing characters viz., number of flower buds per raceme, nodes per raceme and buds per node are higher in field bean plants sprayed with triacontanol spray both in open and shade net conditions. Triacontanol 2ppm recorded less number of days to 50% flowering (41.64 days) in open field and NAA 25 ppm spray took the lowest number of days to 50% flowering (40.93 days) under shade net. Plants sprayed with Triacontanol 2ppm (G2) at 30 and 60 DAS recorded the highest per cent fruit set (30.59 % and 30.40%) both in open and shade net condition.). The field bean sprayed with triacontanol 2 ppm at 30 and 60 DAS recorded the highest pod yield per plant(342.19g and 226.30g), pod yield per ha (190.1q and 125.72q) and 100 seed weight(37.54g and 36.69g) in open field and shade net conditions. Highest fibre content (34.19%) was recorded in NAA 25ppm spray (G1) in open and Triacontanol 2 ppm (G2) recorded the highest fibre content (33.56%) under shade net. Maximum shelf life was recorded in the pods harvested from the plants sprayed with Triacontanol 2ppm both in open and shade net. In the interaction of varieties and sowing dates, irrespective of the variety, January 1st sowing proved better for number of flower buds per raceme and number of buds per node both in open and shade net, whereas for number of nodes per raceme, January 1st sowing was found better in open and January 15th sowing in shade net. Arka Jay took lowest number of days to 50 % flowering when sown on January 1st in both conditions. Irrespective of the variety, January 1st sowing proved better for fruit set and pod length in both conditions. Pod girth was more in January 15th sowing in open compared to January 1st sowing in net house. Arka Sowmya recorded the highest green pod yield of (409.26 and 276.3 g) when sown on January 1st (V4S2) in open and shade net ,respectively. The interaction of varieties and growth regulators for vegetative characters viz., plant height, primary branches per plant, secondary ranches per plant were non significant in open and shade net except at 30 DAS. Significantly the highest leaf area per plant was observed by Arka Sowmya sprayed with Triacontanol @ 2ppm in open field and shade net conditions. The interaction of the variety in combination with Triacontanol 2 ppm proved to be better for yield attributing characters viz., number of flower buds per raceme, number of nodes per raceme in open field and shade net conditions. The highest number of buds per node (4.57) was observed in Arka Amog in combination with Triacontanol 2ppm spray (V2G2) and was on par with Arka Sambhram sown on January1st in shade net. Arka Sowmya in combination with Triacontanol 2ppm spray (V4G2) recorded maximum fruit set, highest green pod yield per plant and per hectare under open and shade net conditions. The interaction of sowing dates and growth regulators was non significant for plant height, primary branches, secondary branches and leaf area in open and shade net conditions. Maximum pod set and highest number of pods per plant was found in January 1st sown crop with Triacontanol 2 ppm spray (S2G2). The interaction of varieties, sowing dates and growth regulators was non significant for plant height, primary branches except at 30 DAS, secondary branches and leaf area except at 60, 90 DAS and at harvest in open field. The interaction of varieties, sowing dates and growth regulators was non significant for plant height, primary branches except at 30 DAS, secondary branches except at 60and leaf area was significant in shade. Arka Sowmya sown on 1st January and sprayed with Triacontanol 2 ppm (V4S2G2) proved better for number of flower buds per raceme, number of nodes per raceme. Further,Arka Sambhram sown on January 1st in combination with Triacontanol spray (V3S2G2) recorded maximum fruit set in open field and Arka Jay sown on January 1st in combination with Triacontanol 2 ppm spray (V1S2G2) recorded maximum fruit set in shade net house. Arka Sowmya recorded the highest pod yield per hectare (262.12 and 163.27q/ha respectively) in open field and shade net house respectively when sown on January 1st and sprayed with Triacontanol 2 ppm foliar spray (V4S2G2) in open field and shade net house. In both open field and shade net experiments, highest Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was recorded in Arka Sowmya (3.97 and 2.47) respectively, sown on January 1st with Triacontanol 2 ppm foliar spray (V4S2G2).
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    ThesisItemUnknown
    GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR HEAT TOLERANCE IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD –30 Dr. Y. S. R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2018-01-26) B.SOMARAJ; Dr. R. V. S. K. REDDY
    A genetic investigation was carried out for three years from Kharif,2014 to Summer, 2017 at Vegetable Research Station, Agricultural Research Institute, Rajendranagar,Hyderabad to study the genetic divergence, genetic variability, heterosis, combining ability, stability and generation mean analysis for yield, yield components and heat tolerance traits in tomato. Genetic divergence was studied with twenty genotypes during Kharif, 2014 using Randomized Block Design replicated thrice for twenty five characters viz., plant height (cm), root length (cm), root to shoot ratio, number of primary branches per plant, days to fifty per cent flowering, number of flowers per cluster, number of clusters per plant, stigma exertion (%),fruit set (%), days to first fruit harvest, days to last fruit harvest, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg), number of seeds per fruit, number of locules per fruit, ascorbic acid content (mg/100g), total soluble solids (°Brix), lycopene content (mg/100g), stomatal diffusive resistance (sec/cm), relative water content (%) and chlorophyll content (%). Mahalanobis’s (1957) D2 statistic divided twenty genotypes into five clusters. Genetic variability revealed that lot of variation was present among the genotypes. In general, PCV values were higher than GCV values indicating the greater influence of environment in controlling the expression of the traits. Correlation study revealed that the fruit yield per plant has positively and significantly correlated with number of primary branches per plant, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight and relative water content while, it has significant negative correlation with root length, days to 50% flowering, stigma excretion per cent, days to first fruit harvest, total soluble solids and chlorophyll content. Path coefficient analysis revealed that average fruit weight had highest positive direct effects on yield per plant followed by root to shoot ratio, number of fruits per plant, plant height, fruit set per cent, fruit length, days to last fruit harvest, flowers per cluster, ascorbic acid, days to 50% flowering, chlorophyll content, number of seeds per fruit, stigma exertion per cent and number of primary branches per plant. Fifteen hybrids were developed following LxT mating design (Kempthorne, 1957) using three horticulturally superior genotypes viz., Arka Alok, PKM-1 and Arka Vikas as lines and other five genotypes viz., AVTO-1007, AVTO-9803, AVTO-9001, AVTO-0101 and AVTO-1002 as testers which were selected from twenty diverse genotypes during Rabi, 2014-15. The F1s along with their parents and two checks (Lakshmi and US-618) were evaluated in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice for twenty five characters over dates of sowing at one month interval viz.,February, March and April months, 2015. The pooled analysis over dates of sowing revealed that all the characters under evaluation differed significantly. Based on standard heterosis top five hybrids were Arka Vikas x AVTO-9803,Arka Alok x AVTO-1007, PKM-1 x AVTO-9803, PKM-1 x AVTO-9001 and Arka Vikas x AVTO-9001 which should be evaluated thoroughly in multi-location trials for further consideration for commercial release. Similarly, significant sca effects were registered in cross combinations viz., Arka Vikas x AVTO-9803, PKM-1 x AVTO-9803, Arka Alok x AVTO-9803 and Arka Vikas x AVTO-1007. Four parents viz., Arka Vikas, AVTO-9803 AVTO-1007 and AVTO-9001found to possess positive alleles for yield contributing characters, yield and quality traits under high temperature conditions based on gca effects. Stability analysis revealed that the hybrids Arka Alok x AVTO-1007, PKM-1 x AVTO-9803, PKM-1 x AVTO-9001, Arka Vikas x AVTO-9803 and Arka Vikas x AVTO-9001 recorded significant higher fruit yield per plant compared to superior check US-618 and greater values for regression coefficient unity showing the minimum average stability (bi>1) performance are adaptable to favourable environments while the genotypesAVTO-9803, Arka Alok x AVTO-9803 and Arka Vikas x AVTO-1007 recorded lesser unit regression coefficient values showing the maximum average stability (bi<1) performance recommended to unfavourable/high temperature environments.Environmental index revealed that February sowing was observed to be most congenial for fruit yield and yield contributing components, while other two sowings may not be favourable because of poor flowering and fruit setting under high temperatures both at increasing and fluctuating temperatures. It could be noted from the generation mean analysis that the presence of additive, dominance, additive × additive and dominance × dominance interaction effects were present along with either duplicate dominant epistasis or complementary epistasis for fruit yield and most of its contributing traits under high temperature conditions for the cross Arka Vikas x AVTO-9803. This could be due to contribution of heat tolerant genes present in the tester AVTO-9803. Hence, selection in the early segregating generations may not give desirable recombinants. Therefore, selection may be delayed to later segregating generations when the dominance and epistasis disappear and resorting to inter-mating of segregants followed by recurrent selection. In conclusion, the genotypes Arka Alok x AVTO-1007, PKM-1 x AVTO-9803, PKM-1 x AVTO-9001, Arka Vikas x AVTO-9803 and Arka Vikas x AVTO-9001 have positive alleles for yield and quality under high temperature condition; hence they should be considered in future breeding programme (pedigree) for multi-trait improvement. In view of majority of the characters are governed by complementary or duplicate epistasis for further exploitation of yield, hybrid development may be the appropriate strategy.
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    Evaluation of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) cultivars in Alfisols of Coastal Andhra Pradesh
    (Horticultural College & Research Institute, Venkataramannagudem, Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University, 2012-09-16) Ashok Reddy, Medam; Dr. K. Uma Jyothi, Professor (Hort.)
    The present experiment entitled "Evaluation of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora tzvelev) cultivars in alfisols of coastal Andhra Pradesh" was conducted at HC&RI, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District during 2011-12. In field experiment, fifteen chrysanthemum cultivars were evaluated for growth and flower yield potential. During evaluation studies with fifteen cultivars, positive and significant variations were observed for growth, flowering and yield. Among the varieties, maximum plant height was observed in cv. Geethanjali, while the Cv. Aparijitha, recorded maximum plant spread and number of primary branches per plant. Days taken for flower bud initiation and days taken to 50 per cent flowering varied significantly with the varieties. Local check was early to flower, whereas cv. Red stone was late to flower and cv. Panjab Gold has taken more number of days to 50 per cent flowering. Duration of flowering was maximum for local check and minimum for cv. Aparijitha. Local check took less number days to first and final harvest which was on par with cv. meera. Among the fifteen cultivars of chrysanthemum evaluated, seven were yellow in colour, three were red in colour, two were white in colour and the remaining three were lemon yellow, pikish cream and purple in colour. The cultivars Meera and Aparijitha had more number of flowers per plant and cv. Aparijitha significantly superceeded the other varieties by recording more yield per plant and hectare. All the cultivars tested had better shelf life and vase life compared to local check. cv. Jaya recorded maximum shelf life and vase life. In genetic studies, high genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, habitability had genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed with number of flowers per plant, stalk lenght, flower dise diameter, num ber of ray floretsw per head, flower weight and flower yield per plant. In correlation studies, significant positive association of yield per plant was observed with number of flowers per plant, flower diameter, stalk length and number of ray florets per head at the phenotipic and genotypic level. Therefore, improvement in these characters might be helpful in improving the flower yield of chrysanthemum. In path coefficient analysis, the first ranking component of flower yield in chrysanthemum were number of ray florets per head, number flowers per plant and flower weight as there characters directly influence the flower yield. Thus practical and promisable inference could be drawn from the experimentation for selecting suitable chrysanthemum cultivars. Selecting the cultivars like Aparijitha, Jaya and Red stone hold a promising preference for the growth and flowering. Further, Cv. Jaya is also having better shelf life and vase life. Improvement of characters like number of flowers per plant. flower diameter, stalk lenght and numb er of ray florets per head will be useful in improving the yield of chrysanthemum flower.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM IN COMBINATION WITH PINCHING ON VEGETATIVE, PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND FLOWER YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum morifolium)
    (HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE Dr. Y.S.R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM - 534 101, WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT ANDHRA PRADESH, 2016-08-30) VELAMALA VANITA RANI; V. VIJAYA BHASKAR
    The present investigation entitled Studies on influence of nitrogen and potassium in combination with pinching on vegetative, physiological growth and flower yield attributes in chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium)was carried out at Horticultural College and Research Institute, V. R. Gudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during Rabi 2015-2016. The experiment was laid out with 18 different treatment combinations in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) each replicated thrice. The data were recorded on various parameters viz., vegetative growth, physiological growth rates, reproductive growth, flower yield, vase life and nutrient status of both soil and plant after harvest. The data were statistically analyzed based on ANOVA and least significant difference was used to differentiate the treatments. Significant differences were observed on various vegetative and physiological growth as well as floral yield attributes in chrysanthemumby attempting pinching at different dates of planting and application of graded levels of nitrogen and potassium in factorial concept.Pinching done at 30 DAT showed significantly the best results with many of the vegetative growth parameters viz., plant height (38.82 cm), plant spread (24.70), number of primary branches (9.13), number of secondary branches (24.02), leaf area per plant (49.64) and the growth analysis of physiological parameters viz., absolute growth rate, crop growth rate and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents when compared with the pinching done at 15 DAT.Most of the floral parameters viz., Fresh weight of the flowers per plant (32.97 g), number of flowers per plant (56.07), yield per plot (5.34 kg) and yield per hectare (131.64 q) recorded significantly where pinching done at 30 DAT. A few floral parameters like flower diameter (6.12) and single flower weight (3.91) have recorded significantly where pinching done at 15 DAT. Further, significantly highest residual nutrient contentsavailable in the soil and plant parts apart from increased nutrient uptake by the plant was observed in the treatment where pinching was done at 30 DAT. Application of nitrogen at the rate of 200 kgha-1recorded significantly the best results with respect to the vegetative growth parameters viz., plant height (35.79 cm), plant spread (20.93 cm), number of leaves (18.89) andphysiological growth parameters viz., absolute growth rate, crop growth rate, chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents.Many of the floral parameters like flower diameter (6.45 cm), single flower weight (4.28 g), number of flowers per plant (56.07),yield per plot (2.78 kg) yield per hectare (163.43 q) also recorded significantly the best results with the application of nitrogen at the rate of 200 kg ha-1. Further, significantly highest residual nutrient contents in the soil and plant apart from increased nutrient uptake by the plant was recorded with the application of nitrogen at the rate of 200 kg ha-1. Application of potassium at the rate of 200 kg ha-1showed significantly the best results with respect to the vegetative growth parameters viz., plant height (38.69 cm), plant spread (22.14 cm), number of leaves (24.71) and physiological growth parameters viz., absolute growth rate, crop growth rate and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents as well as many of the floral parameters like flower diameter (6.12cm), single flower weight (4.01 g), number of flowers per plant (72.77), yield per plot (5.36 kg) and yield per hectare (133.07 q). Application of potassium at the rate of 200 kg ha-1showed significantly highest residual nutrient content in the soil and plant after harvest besides increased nutrient uptake by the plant with the application of nitrogen at the rate of 200 kg ha-1. The interactioneffects of pinching with nitrogen, pinching with potassium and nitrogen with potassium showed a significant positive influence on many of thevegetative, physiological, flower yield and residual nutrient contents in the soil and plant besides the nutrient uptake by the plant. The interaction effectsof pinching, nitrogen and potassium showed a significant influence on several growth, yield and nutrient uptake parameters in chrysanthemum. Pinching done at 30 DAT in combination with the application of nitrogen and potassium each at the rate of 200 kgha-1recorded significantly the best results with respect to many of the vegetative growth parameters viz., plant height (42.52 cm), plant spread (26.63 cm), number of leaves (39.66) andthe physiological growth parameters viz., absolute growth rate, crop growth rate and chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll contents as well as the floral attributes like number of flowers per plant (92.66), yield per plot (8.66 kg) and yield per hectare (215.79 q). Pinching done at 30 DAT along with the application of nitrogen with potassium each at the rate of 200 kgha-1 showed a significant increase in the residual nutrient content in the soil and plant apart from the increased nutrient uptake by the plant.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STANDARDIZATION OF NUTRITIONALLY ENRICHED AONLA (Emblica officinalis.G) BASED UNFERMENTED BLENDED BEVERAGES
    (HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, WEST GODAVARI Dist. – 534 101 Dr. Y.S.R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2016-07-14) VAISHNAVI. S; V. SUDHA VANI
    The present investigation entitled „„Standardization of nutritionally enriched aonla (Emblica officinalis G.) based unfermented blended beverages” was carried out during the year 2015-16 at Post Harvest Technology laboratory, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Dr.Y.S.R Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. The study was carried out to determine the physico-chemical characters, sensory qualities, storage behaviour and economics of aonla RTS, squash and nectar blended with other fruit juices. The RTS, squash and nectar were prepared from aonla juice blended in different proportions viz., 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 with pineapple, grapes and pomegranate juice as per the respective treatment combinations. The experiments were conducted in completely randomized design with factorial concept (two factors) and treatments were replicated thrice and statistically analyzed for the parameters of colour, density (kg /m3), pH, total soluble solids (o Brix), titrable acidity (%), TSS/Acid ratio, total sugars (%), reducing sugars (%), non-reducing sugars (%), ascorbic acid (mg/100ml), total phenols(GAE mg/100ml), organoleptic evaluation during storage and benefit cost ratios were studied in the preparation of aonla blended unfermented beverages. Blending improved overall acceptability of RTS, squash and nectar since the physico-chemical and sensory parameters showed desirable values in different blends as compared to pure aonla juice. The overall results of aonla based unfermented blended beverages ie., RTS, squash and nectar indicated that the density, TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars and acidity were found to have increased during the storage. The pH, TSS/Acid ratio,non-reducing sugars, ascorbic acid content, total phenols and the organoleptic scores for taste, flavour, colour, consistency and overall acceptability were decreased significantly during storage. Among the chemical parameters, the unfermented beverages (RTS, squash and nectar) prepared from 25% aonla and 75% grapes (T4) was found best with density; 1.047 kg/m3, 1.115 kg/m3 and 1.069 kg/m3, TSS; 10.80oB, 50.17oB and 15.99oB, total sugars; 13.60 %, 49.05 % and 14.82 %, reducing sugars; 6.79 %, 18.08 % and 7.21 % and ascorbic acid 32.95mg/100ml, 79.33mg/100ml and 35.27mg/100ml respectively in RTS, squash and nectar when compared to unfermented beverages prepared from 100% aonla during the storage period. Among the physical parameters, colour showed significant differences in all the unfermented beverages studied i.e. RTS, squash and nectar. The aonla juice blended with grapes showed cyanic colours and was best compared to all other treatments. The organoleptic score for acceptability of unfermented beverages prepared from aonla blended with grape juice ie., 50% aonla juice + 50% grapes juice in RTS beverage and 25% aonla juice + 75% grape juice in squash and nectar were found to be superior in their quality parameters upto 60 days of storage. The unfermented beverages prepared from aonla blended with grape juice were organoleptically superior and economically feasible for both producers as well as consumers than unfermented beverages prepared from 100% aonla
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE INFLUENCE OF MULCHING ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cv. CAMAROSA UNDER SHADE NET CONDITIONS
    (HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, WEST GODAVARI – 534 101 Dr. Y. S. R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2016-08-16) SADAPU SUJATHA; Dr. V. SUCHITRA
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on the influence of mulching on growth and yield of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) cv. Camarosa under shadenet conditions” was carried out at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh during the rabi season of 2015-2016. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with 8 treatments and replicated thrice and data on the effect of different mulching treatments on growth, yield and post harvest quality parameters of strawberry was recorded and statistically analyzed. Significant differences were observed among different mulches with respect to plant growth parameters such as plant spread (46.06 cm), leaf area per plant (7621.08cm2), number of leaves per plant (42.56), number of runners per plant (28.36) and all these parameters were recorded highest with the application of paddy straw mulch. Significant differences were observed among mulches with respect to floral and yield parameters like number of flowers per plant (61.66) and number of days taken for fruiting (51.48 d), number of fruits per plant (35.46), fruit shape (Globose conic, conical, pear, heart and oval shapes), fruit weight (5.00 g), fruit diameter (2.77 cm), fruit yield (2.91Kg per plot) and fruit yield (5.82 tonnes per ha) were also recorded highest with the application of paddy straw mulch. Silver polyethylene and paddy husk mulches also recorded on par values with paddy straw mulch. Application of black polyethylene advanced the number of days (71.00 d) to 50 % flowering than other mulching materials. Plants mulched with black polyethylene recorded minimum values for growth, yield and quality parameters due to increase in substrate temperature. Among the different mulches, application of paddy straw mulch showed significant influence in most of the post harvest quality characteristics with respect to TSS (8.83 0 Brix), juice (83.05 %), specific gravity (1.15 g/cm3), titrable acidity (0.61 %), vitamin-C content (58.88 mg/100g), total sugars (9.50 %) and physiological loss in weight (13.5% at 1 DAH and 25.30% at 2 DAH). Minimum values were recorded in black polyethylene mulch. Among all the treatments, plants mulched with paddy straw were produced less albino fruits (0.28%) than other mulches. Plants mulched with dried banana leaves, card board sheets and coconut husk mulches rated consistently in the middle for all the parameters and they were significantly superior to unmulched treatment (control) Based on all the observations, it was concluded that the treatments paddy straw and silver polyethylene mulches were proved to be the best for cultivation of strawberry under shade net conditions.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON INFLUENCE OF POSTHARVEST APPLICATION OF CHEMICALS ON ARIL BROWNING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POMEGRANATE (Punica granatum L.) cv. ‘BHAGWA’
    (HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE Dr. Y.S.R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM - 534 101, WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT ANDHRA PRADESH, 2016-06-29) PADALA SRIDEVI; V. VIJAYA BHASKAR
    The present study entitled Studies on influence of postharvest application of chemicals on aril browning and antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. ‘Bhagwa’ was carried out at Postharvest Technology Laboratory, Horticultural College & Research Institute, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh during the year 2015-16. The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated thrice. A set of four experiments were conducted using pomegranate fruit variety ‘Bhagwa’ arils treating with edible coatings consisting of different antioxidants under different concentrations, Aloe vera gel, Nigella sativa oil and starch with different concentrations and finally the combined effect of proven best treatments from the above experiments were tried. The main objective of the present study was to reduce the browning and improving the antioxidant activity of pomegranate arils. Significant differences were observed among different edible coatings with respect to physical, physiological and biochemical parameters of arils of pomegranate cv. ‘Bhagwa’ packed in the polypropylene boxes and stored at a low temperature of 4˚C. Among all the treatments, pomegranate arils coated with sodium benzoate 400 ppm, Aloe vera gel 30% and Nigella sativa oil 200 ppm have recorded significantly lowest variations in the arils of pomegranate with regard to physiological loss in weight, spoilage due to browning and optimum maintenance of TSS, acidity, per cent of total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars content. Apart from these quality parameters, significantly highest content of ascorbic acid, total anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity were also observed on all the days of observations recorded and proved the best treatments from the concerned experiments. The above three best treatments were combined together in different combinations to test their individual and combined influences on the pomegranate aril quality. Significant differences were observed among the individual and combined treatments with respect to many of the physiological and biochemical parameters. Among all the treatments, pomegranate arils coated with sodium benzoate treated at the rate of 400 ppm in combination with Aloe vera gel 30% and Nigella sativa oil 200 ppm recorded significantly lowest physiological loss in weight, significantly lowest spoilage of arils, significantly lowest variations in the TSS content, titrable acidity, total sugars, reducing. Further, significantly highest content of ascorbic acid, highest anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity on all the days of observations recorded during storage. Based on all these observations studied it is concluded that pomegranate arils treated with sodium benzoate at the rate of 400 ppm in combination with Aloe vera gel 30% and Nigella sativa oil 200 ppm proved the best combination in extending the shelf life and quality of pomegranate arils packed in polypropylene boxes and stored at a low temperature of 4oC mainly by reducing the spoilage of arils due to browning. The treated pomegranate arils retained appreciable nutritional and bio-active compounds level up to the 16th day of storage.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF GRADED LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND POTASSIUM ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND FLOWER YIELD OF GARLAND CHRYSANTHEMUM (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.)
    (HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, WEST GODAVARI – 534 101 Dr. Y. S. R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2016-08-28) PALAVALASA RAVI TEJA; V. VIJAYA BHASKAR
    The present investigation entitled Studies on the effect of graded levels of nitrogen and potassium on vegetative growth and flower yield of garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) was carried out at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during rabi 2015-2016. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with 16 treatments replicated thrice. The data recorded on various parameters viz., vegetative growth, physiological growth rates, flower yield and the nutrient status of soil and plant after harvest were subjected to statistical analysis and the least significant difference was used to differentiate the treatments. Significant differences were observed in the vegetative and physiological growth parameters of garland chrysanthemum with the application of graded levels of nitrogen and potassium. Application of graded levels of nitrogen and potassium both individually and in combination showed a positive and significant influence on many of the vegetative parameters viz., plant height, number of primary branches and secondary branches, plant spread, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, fresh and dry weight of the plant. Among all the graded levels of nitrogen and potassium combinations application of nitrogen and potassium each at the rate of 200 kg ha-1 followed by application of nitrogen and potassium respectively at the rate of 200 and 150 kg ha-1 recorded significantly positive results correlating with many of the vegetative growth parameters. However, during the physiological growth analysis of AGR, CGR, RGR, NAR and chlorophyll content, it was observed that application of nitrogen and potassium respectively at the rate of 200 and 150 kg ha-1 recorded significantly positive results, whereas, a further increase in the level of potassium application to 200 kg ha-1 recorded a non-significant increase in almost all the physiological activities. Significant differences were observed with the application of graded levels of nitrogen and potassium in garland chrysanthemum with respect to the floral parameters. The number of days taken to flower bud initiation and days taken to first flower opening were observed minimum (20.05 days and 22.48 days respectively) with the application of lowest dose of nitrogen and potassium each at the rate of 50 kg ha-1 which may be considered due to early bolting. However, number of flowers produced per plant (28.00), flower stalk length (14.30cm), flower diameter (7.83cm), average weight of fresh flower (2.10g), flower disc length and breadth (2.58cm) were found significantly maximum with the application of nitrogen and potassium respectively at the rate of 200 and 150 kg ha-1 which were found correlated with the enhanced supply of nutrients and photo assimilates. Significantly highest flower yield per plant (36.0g), flower yield per plot (1.08kg) and flower yield per hectare (25.25q) was observed with the application of nitrogen and potassium respectively at the rate of 200 and 150 kg ha-1. Significant differences were observed in the available nutrient status in the soil after harvesting the crop with respect to nitrogen and potassium contents in the soil and plant parts. Significantly highest quantity of nitrogen (168.0kg) and potassium (208.0kg) were observed in the soil after harvesting the crop. Analysis of partitioning of NPK content in leaf (3.97%, 0.51% and 3.60% respectively), stem (3.60%, 0.58% and 2.60% respectively) and flower (2.82%, 0.60% and 3.70% respectively) showed the importance of nutrient requirement for the proper growth and development of the concerned plant parts. Based on the analysis of data obtained it is recommended to apply a dose of nitrogen and potassium respectively at the rate of 200 and 150 kg ha-1 to get an optimum yield of about 25.25q per hectare coupled with good quality marketable flowers under the coastal climatic conditions of Andhra Pradesh.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum L.) GENOTYPES IN GODAVARI ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH
    (HORTICULTURAL COLLEGE AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, WEST GODAVARI – 534 101 Dr. Y. S. R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 2016-06-08) NAGAPPA M. KOTUR; M.LAKSHMINARAYANA REDDY
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of coriander (Corianrum sativum L.) genotypes in Godavari zone of Andhra Pradesh” was conducted during the period from November, 2015 to February, 2016 at Horticulture College and Research Institute, Dr. Y.S.R Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh. The major objectives were to find out the most suitable genotypes of coriander under local agro-climatic conditions and to analyze variability, correlation and path coefficients for various quantitative traits. The experiment was laid out in RBD with two replications and twenty eight genotypes viz., Ranibennur-1, Ranibennur-2, Ranibennur-3, Byadagi-1, Hangel-1, Hangel-2, Savanur-1, Savanur-2, Savanur-3, Hirekerur-1, Hirekerur-2, Hirekerur-3, Shiggaon-1, Shiggaon-2, Shiggaon-3, LCC-200, LCC-331, LCC-321, LCC-323, LCC-325, LCC-334, LCC-335, LCC-316, LCC-328, LCC-320, LCC-317, LCC-319 and LCC-322; and two checks viz., AD-1 (local check) and Suguna (commercial check). The observations were recorded on various growth, seed yield and quality parameters. . The evaluation of per se performance revealed that growth parameters like plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, fresh weight of whole plant, dry weight of whole plant was recorded at 15, 30, 45, 60 and at 75 DAS. Maximum plant height at 75 DAS was observed in LCC-322, the genotype LCC-331 recorded more number of leaves per plant whereas, LCC-335 was found to have maximum leaf area per plant. Early flowering was noted in the accession LCC-316. Among the different genotypes Savanur-1 was the earliest to reach grain maturity. The genotype Shiggaon-3 recorded maximum herbage yield at 45 DAS. The highest dry weight and number of schizocarps per plant were recorded by LCC-317. The highest grain yield per plant was recorded by Suguna (17.33 g) followed by LCC-328 (15.60 g). Oil content was at maximum in the accessions LCC-335 (0.41 %). Variability studies revealed that both PCV and GCV were at high range for the traits fresh and dry weight of whole plant, number of umbels per plant, harvest index, oil content, grain yield per plant. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent over mean was noticed for the traits viz., number of primary branches, fresh weight of whole plant, number of umbels per plant, number of schizocarps per umbel, number of schizocarps per plant, herbage yield, harvest index, oil content and grain yield per plant indicating their suitability as criteria for selection. Correlation analysis revealed that the traits like harvest index, herbage yield, fresh weight of whole plant, dry weight of whole plant, thousand seed weight, number of primary branches and plant height were significantly and positively associated for grain yield per plant. Path coefficient analysis at genotypic level explained 89% variation in the dependent variable i.e. grain yield per plant. The highest direct effects in positive direction was registered by the parameters like harvest index, days taken to maturity, oil content, fresh weight of whole plant, dry weight of whole plant on grain yield per plant. The direct effect was highest in negative direction by days taken to 50% flowering.