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Subject: Floriculture and Landscaping ×

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    EFFECT OF NANO SCALE NUTRIENTS ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND VASE LIFE OF GERBERA (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker F.) GROWN UNDER POLYHOUSE CONDITIONS
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, ANANTHARAJUPETA, Y.S.R KADAPA DISTRICT, -516 105, ANDHRA PRADESH, 2021-03-15) A. DEVI PRIYA; Dr. K.Swarajya Lakshmi
    The present investigation “Effect of nano scale nutrients on growth, flower yield and vase life of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker F.) grown under polyhouse conditions” was conducted during the period from November 2018 to September 2020 at College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R Horticultural University, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R District of Andhra Pradesh. Experiment-I was laid out in Completely Randomized Design CRD with three replications and nine treatments (T1: Nano ZnO @ 100 ppm, T2: Nano ZnO @ 150 ppm, T3 : Nano ZnO @ 200 ppm, T4: Nano ZnO @ 300 ppm, T5: Nano FeO @ 100 ppm, T6: Nano FeO @ 150 ppm, T7: Nano FeO @ 200 ppm,T8: Nano FeO @ 300 ppm and T9: Control (water spray)). Among different concentrations of nano ZnO used, ZnO @ 300 ppm recorded maximum plant height (36.85 cm) number of leaves plant-1 (24.60), leaf length (27.51 cm), leaf width (12.53 cm), leaf area (276.00 cm 2 ), plant spread (36.20 cm), flower stalk length (58.40 cm), stalk diameter (7.79 mm), neck diameter (5.80 mm), flower head diameter (11.90 cm), flower disc diameter (2.70 cm) and number of flowers plant-1 (18.40) whereas ZnO @ 200 ppm took minimum number of days for flower bud initiation (47.07 days), number of days taken for bud burst (52.00 days) and days taken taken to reach marketable stage from bud burst (5.80 days). Among different concentrations of nano FeO applied, FeO @ 300 ppm has significantly increased plant height (35.55 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (22.43), leaf length (26.98 cm), leaf width (12.20 cm), leaf area (263.81 cm 2 ) and plant spread (33.37 cm), maximum flower stalk length (56.97), stalk diameter (7.57), neck diameter (5.63), flower head diameter (11.73), flower disc diameter (2.40) and number of flowers plant-1 (17.97) and also took lesser number of days for flower bud initiation (49.07 days), number of days taken for bud burst (53.93 days) and days taken taken to reach marketable stage from bud burst (6.07 days). Experiment-II was carried out to study the effect of nano and conventional forms of zinc conditions. and iron and their combined effect on growth, yield and quality of Author : A. DEVI PRIYA Title of thesis : Effect of nano scale nutrients on growth, flower yield and vase life of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus ex Hooker F.) grown under polyhouse gerbera in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications and 12 treatments (T1: ZnO @ 300 ppm, T2: ZnO @ 200 ppm, T3: FeO @ 300 ppm, T4: FeO @ 200 ppm, T5: FeSO4 @ 0.2%, T6: ZnSO4 @ 0.2%, T7: ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm, T8: ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm, T9: ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm, T10: ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm, T11: ZnSO4 @ 0.2% + FeSO4 @ 0.2%, T12: control (Water spray)). Among all the treatments T8 (ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm) recorded maximum plant height (47.15 cm) number of leaves plant-1 (41.43), leaf length (34.32 cm), leaf width (14.09 cm), leaf area (386.58 cm 2 ), plant spread (50.78 cm), number of suckers plant-1 (7.15), flower stalk length (65.47 cm), stalk diameter (7.63 mm), neck diameter (5.90 mm), flower head diameter (12.97 cm), flower disc diameter (2.64 cm), length of ray floret (5.46 cm), width of ray floret (1.08 cm) and also number of flowers produced plant-1 (66.27), number of flowers m -2 (397.64), number of flowers hectare-1 (39.76 lakhs) and net returns (lakh Rs. 84.82 ha-1 ) with higher B:C ratio (1:3.33) upto 360 DAP. The number of days taken to flower bud initiation, bud burst, and days to reach marketable stage from bud burst (44.38 days, 49.41 days and 6.00 days respectively) was found to be early in T9 (ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm). Maximum chlorophyll (1.69 mg g-1 FW) and carotenoid (8.84 mg 100 g-1 ) content was recorded in T9 (ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm). The available N (4.97%), P (1.17 %) K (5.40 %), Zn (119.50 %) and Cu (36.17 %) content of gerbera leaf were recorded highest with foliar application of T8 (ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm) at 360 DAP. The highest B (68.19 ppm) and Mn (131.60 ppm) content was recorded in T9 (ZnO @ 200 ppm + FeO @ 300 ppm whereas Fe content (356.67 ppm) was found to be highest in T7 (ZnO @ 300 ppm + FeO @ 200 ppm) at 360 DAP. Experiment-III was carried out with three replications and 12 treatments (T1: Deionized water, T2: Sucrose@ 2%, T3: Sucrose@ 4%, T4: Silver nitrate@ 20 ppm, T5: Silver nitrate@ 20 ppm+ Sucrose@ 2%, T6: Silver nitrate@ 20 ppm+ Sucrose@ 4%, T7: Nano silver particles @5 ppm, T8: Nano silver particles @10 ppm, T9: Nano silver particles @5 ppm + sucrose 2%, T10: Nano silver particles @5 ppm + sucrose 4%, T11: Nano silver particles @10 ppm + sucrose 2%, T12: Nano silver particles @10 ppm + sucrose 4%). Among different treatments, (T11) 10 ppm nano silver + sucrose 2% recorded maximum fresh weight of flower (20.08 g), water uptake (8.78 g), TLW (8.63 g), water balance (1.54 g) and vase life (19.77 days).
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    EFFECT OF PLANTING DATES ON GROWTH, FLOWER YIELD AND QUALITY IN DIFFERENT GENOTYPES OF GOMPHRENA (Gomphrena globosa L.)
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, W.G.Dist. – 534 101 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-08-25) LANKA THABITHA; Dr. T. SUSEELA
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of planting dates on growth, flower yield and quality in different genotypes of gomphrena (Gomphrena globosa L.)” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) replicated thrice comprising of 15 different treatment combinations which include two factors viz., the first factor consists of five levels of genotypes (Arabhavi Gomphrena Selection AGS-5, AGS-6, AGS-7, AGS-8 and AGS-10) and the second factor with 3 levels of planting dates (19th September, 19th October and 19th November). The results of the experiment showed significant differences among the planting dates, genotypes and their interactions on all parameters. Based on the results obtained from the experiment AGS-5 planted on September 19th found to be best treatment combination based on positive results recorded on vegetative parameters like plant height, number of branches per plant, plant spread, total chlorophyll content, girth of stem, leaf area per plant, dry weight per plant; physiological parameters like absolute growth rate, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, leaf area duration, specific leaf area and phenological stages like number of days taken for bud formation, number of days taken for flower head formation and flower quality parameters like flower head size. The same treatment combination was found best with respect to yield parameters like flower yield per plant, number of seeds per flower head, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot and 1000 seed weight. Regarding postharvest aspect it could be concluded that microwave oven drying recorded minimum time for drying of flowers. It is recommended that gomphrena genotype AGS-5 planted at 19th September is considered to be the right time of planting under the existing coastal climatic conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Hence this practice can be popularized among the floriculture farmers for continuous production of flowers along with major flowers to generate income throughout the year.
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    STUDIES ON EFFECT OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH, FLOWERING, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY IN ZINNIA (Zinnia elegans Jacq.)
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, W. G. Dist – 534 101 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-08-06) ILAVARA BRAHMANI; Dr. T. SUSEELA
    The present investigation entitled “Studies on effect of plant growth regulators on growth, flowering, seed yield and quality in zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.)” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with 3 replications comprising 21 treatment combinations which include first factor with three levels of varieties (Lilliput, Gaint California, Dahlia flowered double mix) and second factor with seven levels of growth regulators (Water spray, GA3 @ 100 and 200ppm, NAA @ 50 and 100ppm, Triacontanol 50 and 100ppm). Based on the results obtained from the experiment showed significant differences among the varieties, growth regulators and their interactions on all the parameters. The cv. Gaint California sprayed with GA3 @ 200 ppm was considered as best treatment combination based on the several positive results recorded on vegetative parameters like Plant height, number of branches plant-1 , plant spread, number of leaves plant-1 , leaf area plant-1 , internodal length, total chlorophyll content and dry weight of plant. From the investigation conducted, it can be concluded that the treatment combination cv. Gaint California sprayed with GA3 @ 200 ppm showed significant influence on physiological parameters, phenological stages like days taken to emergence of first flower bud, opening of first flower bud, 50% flowering, 100% flowering, first harvest of the flowers and flower quality parameters like flower diameter, flower stalk length, longevity of flower on plant. The same treatment combination was found best with respect to flower yield parameters like number of flowers plant-1 , plot-1 , number pickings plant-1, flower yield plant -1 , plot-1 and seed parameters like days taken to seed setting, seed yield flower-1 , plant-1 . Whereas cv. Lilliput plants sprayed with water was recorded minimum values regarding all the vegetative, floral and seed yield parameters. Based on the results from the second experiment, regarding seed quality parameters like germination percentage, seedling length, seedling vigour index cv. Gaint California sprayed with GA3 @ 200 ppm was found to be best treatment than other treatments, whereas cv. Lilliput plants sprayed with water was recorded minimum values regarding seed quality parameters. It may be recommended that cv. Gaint California sprayed with GA3 @ 200 ppm is considered to be the best treatment combination for commercial cultivation of zinnia as a cut flower and garden purpose by the supply of good quality seeds under the existing coastal climatic conditions of Andhra Pradesh. Zinnia flower production can be popularized among the floriculture farmers for continous production of flowers along with major flowers to generate income throughout the year.
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    EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT HELICONIA GENOTYPES FOR MORPHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FLOWERING TRAITS UNDER SHADEHOUSE CONDITION
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE ANANTHARAJUPETA, Y.S.R KADAPA DISTRICT – 516 105 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-07-11) M. DILIPKUMAR NAIK; Dr. M. Raja Naik
    The present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different Heliconia genotypes for morpho-physiological and flowering traits under shadehouse condition” was carried out at College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta during 2018-19. Heliconia, is a rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial plant belongs to family Heliconiaceae and is amongst the most attractive of all the exotic tropical flowering plants, comprises of single genus, with about 250-300 species. Heliconia is mostly grown for beautifying the garden, presently growing as cut flower because of its brilliant colour, exotic form, long, straight peduncles and excellent postharvest characteristics. These all features made it an outstanding flower for the florist. In Heliconia, sufficient number of varieties or genotypes are under cultivation but their performance varies from place to place. The quality of cut flower is primarily a varietal trait and is generally influenced by climatic conditions prevailed during the growing period at a particular place. It is very essential to study the performance of varieties in a particular place before recommending to the farmers. Though the crop has great significance in the market, there are some bottlenecks associated in its cultivation. Information on best heliconia cultivar for commercial cultivation was lacking under the tropical conditions of semi-arid zone of Southern Andhra Pradesh. The results obtained from this study would be a base to develop a strong breeding program for heliconias and to identify the best genotypes suitable for this region. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design, with three replications and with 8 genotypes. The treated rhizomes were planted under 50 per cent shadehouse condition. Observations were recorded on biometric, flowering, physiological, biochemical traits, pest and disease incidence and correlation studies. Response of all the biometric observations was significant among 8 heliconia genotypes investigated. The data recorded on biometric observations revealed that significantly early sprouting (11.16 days) was recorded in the genotype G4. Taller plant of 83.91 cm, 134.15 cm, 151.79 cm, 193.00 cm, 240.70 cm and 268.25 cm was recorded in G6 at 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 DAP. The genotype G7 produced significantly higher number of leaves (7.33, 19.06, Name of the author : M. Dilipkumar Naik Title of the thesis : Evaluation of different Heliconia genotypes for morpho-physiological and flowering traits under shade house condition Degree to which it is submitted : M.Sc. (Horticulture) Faculty Department : : HORTICULTURE Floriculture and Landscape Architecture Major Advisor : Dr. M. Raja Naik University : Dr.Y.S.R HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2019 23.53, 29.46, 37.26, 54.66) at all crop growth stages. While number of suckers clump-1 recorded were maximum (3.60, 5.13, 7.60, 9.80) in genotype G7 at multiple crop growth stages except at 60 DAP and 360 DAP, respectively. Plant spread recorded was wider in G7 at all different crop growth stages towards East-West and North-South direction except at 60 DAP and 120 DAP, respectively. Significant variation was observed among different genotypes with respect to flowering attributes. The genotype G2 took minimum duration for first flowering from rhizome sowing (199.00 days). Length of inflorescence (26.18 cm), number of flowering suckers year-1 (4.50), spike count clump-1 (4.50), bract number spike-1 (9.56) and duration of vase life (10.78 days) recorded were highest in genotype G6. Significantly longest spike (61.25 cm), maximum bract size (25.38 cm) was recorded in genotypes G2 and G1, respectively. All the physiological attributes and anthocyanin content varied significantly among multiple heliconia genotypes studied under shadehouse conditions. Leaf area prior to flowering (690.77 cm2 ), after blooming (814.57 cm2 ), SCMR value for chlorophyll content (65.62), stomatal conductance (0.38 mol m-2 s -1 ), rate of photosynthesis (9.23 µmol m-2 s -1 ), transpiration rate (4.17 mmol m-2 s -1 ) and anthocyanin content in flowers (3.64 mg 100 g-1 tissue) recorded were highest in genotype G6. Significantly more leaf intercellular CO2 (317.38 µmol m-2 s -1 ) and leaf temperature (34.30 0C), respectively was recorded in genotype G3. Whereas the genotype G5 had maximum number of stomata (45.80 mm2 ). Regarding incidence of pest and diseases, no severe incidence was noticed during the period of investigation in various heliconia genotypes as the study was taken under shadehouse condition. With respect to correlation studies, no significant correlation was found in days to sprouting with other parameters viz., biometric, flower attributes and physiological and biochemical traits, pest and disease incidence. Significant and positive correlation for number of spikes clump-1 with other parameters viz., plant height, plant spread, inflorescence length, number of flowering suckers year-1 , length of the stalk, number of bracts spike-1 , size of the bract, vase life, leaf area and anthocyanin content was found and negative non-significant correlation with days to sprouting and chlorophyll content. Finally, according to our investigation, it can be concluded that, Heliconia rostrata (G6) was proved to be the best among the other genotypes for enhanced growth, flowering, physiological and biochemical traits under the shadehouse conditions. Hence it may be suitable genotype for commercial cultivation under low cost shadehouse in tropical conditions of semi-arid zone of Southern Andhra Pradesh during Kharif season.
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    MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGLE TYPE TUBEROSE (Polianthes tuberosa L.) GENOTYPES
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE Dr. Y.S.R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ANANTHARAJUPETA – 516 105, KADAPA DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-07-17) B. SREELEKHA; Dr. V. Vijaya Bhaskar
    The present investigation entitled ‘Morphological and molecular characterization of single type tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) genotypes’ was carried out during Late Kharif and Rabi, 2018-19 at College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta. The experiment was conducted with an objective to identify the divergent genotypes at morphological and molecular level to be used as donor parents in crop improvement for yield. Bulbs of 10 tuberose genotypes were planted in a randomized block design with three replications and the data were recorded on 29 yield and yield contributing characters. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all the genotypes indicating presence of sufficient amount of variability for the characters studied. Such a kind of variability observed among the single type tuberose genotypes gives scope for selection of suitable initial breeding material as donor parents for further crop improvement in breeding programmes. On the basis of trait analysis and mean performance of tuberose genotypes cvs. ‘Arka Prajwal’, ‘Arka Nirantara’ and ‘Arka Shringar’ were found promising with regard to vegetative growth, flower yield and bulb characters. Study of genetic parameters in tuberose revealed differences between PCV and GCV and these differences were found low for most of the characters which implied influence of environment on the traits was negligible. High heritability in conjunction with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded in tuberose genotypes for characters which include number of leaves per plant, number of days to opening of first floret, spike length, fresh weight of flower, weight of single floret and weight of 100 florets which suggests that Author : B. SREELEKHA Title of thesis : MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF SINGLE TYPE TUBEROSE (Polianthes tuberosa L.) GENOTYPES Degree for which it is submitted : MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HORTICULTURE Faculty : HORTICULTURE Major field : FLORICULTURE AND LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Chairman of Advisory committee : Dr. V. VIJAYA BHASKAR University : Dr. Y.S.R. HORTICULTURAL UNIVERSITY Year of submission : 2019 predominant role of additive genetic component in governing of these traits and thus improvement through simple selection is possible. D2 analysis carried out for 23 characters partitioned the 10 genotypes into three clusters. The inter cluster D2 value was considered as the main criterion in the selection of genotypes. Maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster I and II (134.17) which were genetically more divergent and selection of parents from these diverse clusters for hybridization programme would help in achieving novel recombinants in tuberose. Genotypic correlation was found higher than phenotypic correlation for all the characters under study indicating high heritable nature. It was observed that loose flower yield per plant showed highly positive and significant correlation with fresh weight of spike and weight of single floret but loose flower yield per plant did not show any significant correlation with number of days to spike emergence, number of days to opening of first floret, number of spikes per plant, length of floret, number of bulbs per clump, length of bulb, diameter of bulb and number of bulblets per clump. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of florets per spike, number of spikes per plant and weight of single floret showed direct positive effect on loose flower yield per plant. These findings revealed that direct selection on the basis of above characters will be rewarding for crop improvement in tuberose. Molecular characterization done by using 30 ISSR primers enabled to know the diversity existing among the 10 tuberose genotypes. Out of the 30 ISSR primers used, 27 ISSR primers amplified and exhibited polymorphism. High polymorphic information content (PIC), expected heterozygosity (He) and observed heterozygosity (Ho) registered with ISSRs which prompted deeper insight of molecular complexity involved in the gene pool. Thus, simultaneous analysis of genotypes at morphological and molecular level would assist in selecting the genotypes with desirable traits in the crop improvement of tuberose for loose flower yield without any ambiguity of environmental interactions.
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    EFFECT OF CUTTING TYPES AND IBA TREATMENT FOR STANDARDIZATION OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION IN CROSSANDRA var. ARKA SHRAVYA
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, W. G. Dist.- 534 101 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-07-08) SHAIK REHANA; Dr. M. Madhavi
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of cutting types and IBA treatment for standardization of vegetative propagation in Crossandra var. Arka Shravya” was conducted at College of Horticulture, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during 2018- 2019. The first part of study was conducted to find out the best type of cutting (viz., terminal and semi hardwood), optimum concentration of IBA required and interaction effect of type of cutting and concentration of IBA used in cuttings kept for propagation with respect to rooting and shooting characteristics of crossandra var. Arka Shravya. The effect of cutting types, IBA treatments and their interactions on field performance (viz., vegetative growth, flowering, yield and flower quality) of rooted cuttings of crossandra var. Arka Shravya was analysed in the second part of investigation. The experiment was carried out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design comprising fourteen treatment combinations with two replications from two factors i.e. cutting types at two levels (viz., terminal and semi hardwood) and IBA treatments at seven levels (100, 200, 300 ppm in prolonged dip method for 24 hours, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm in quick dip method for 10 seconds and 0 ppm (control) for both the experiments. The study revealed significant differences among cutting types, IBA treatments and their interactions on different root and shoot parameters as well as performance of rooted cuttings in the main field. Among the treatments under study, terminal cuttings, IBA quick dip @ 3000 ppm for 10 seconds and combination of these two treatments performed the best with respect to different root and shoot parameters as well as field performance. The root and shoot parameters were significantly influenced by terminal cuttings, IBA quick dip method @ 3000 ppm for 10 seconds and interaction of these two treatments throughout the period of study starting from 25 days to 75 days after keeping cuttings in polybags. The observations on root parameters viz., percentage of rooted cuttings, number of roots cutting-1 , length of longest root cutting-1 (cm), fresh weight of roots (g) and dry weight of roots (g) were found highest in terminal cuttings treated with IBA @ 3000 ppm in quick dip method for 10 seconds. Similar trend was observed with regard to shoot parameters in terms of days to first sprouting of cutting, number of shoots cutting-1 , number of leaves cutting-1 , leaf area cutting-1 (cm2 ), total leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), fresh weight of shoots (g), dry weight of shoots (g) and root to shoot ratio (dry weight basis). The superior performance of rooted cuttings in main field was observed at all stages of crop under study from 30 DAT to 90 DAT in terminal cuttings treated with IBA @ 3000 ppm in quick dip method for 10 seconds in terms of vegetative growth (plant height (cm), number of primary branches plant-1 , plant spread (cm2 ), leaf area (cm2 ) and total leaf chlorophyll content), flowering parameters (days to spike initiation, days taken for first flower opening in a spike, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to complete flowering), flower yield (number of flowers spike-1 , number spikes plant-1 , number of spikes m-2 , flower yield plant-1 and flower yield m-2 ) and flower quality parameters viz., flower size (cm2 ), weight of 100 flowers (g), longevity of flower on plant and shelf life of flowers (days). From the present investigation, it was evident that use of terminal cuttings, pre treatment of cuttings with IBA @ 3000 ppm in quick dip method for 10 seconds and their combination exhibited pronounced effect on root and shoot formation in cuttings as well as superior field performance of rooted cuttings . It clearly indicated its effectiveness on profound increase of success in vegetative propagation (cuttings) of crossandra var. Arka Shravya.
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    EVALUATION OF GAILLARDIA (Gaillardia pulchella FOUG.) GENOTYPES UNDER GODAVARI ZONE OF COASTAL ANDHRA PRADESH FOR GROWTH, YIELD AND FLOWER QUALITY
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, W.G. Dist. – 534 101 ANDHRA PFRADESH, 2019-08-08) LAVANYA S; Dr. A.V.D. Dorajee Rao
    The present investigation on “Evaluation of gaillardia (Gaillardia pulchella Foug.) genotypes under Godavari zone of coastal Andhra Pradesh for growth, yield and flower quality” was carried out during early rabi season, 2018-2019 at COH, Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district. A total of twelve genotypes viz., BGS-1, BGS-2, BGS-3, BGS-4, BGS-5, BGS-6, BGS-7, BGS-8, BGS-9, BGS-10, BGS-11 and DGS-1were evaluated in three replications under randomized block design. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes with respect to plant height, number of branches, leaf area per plant, number of days taken for flower initiation and other parameters including yield and quality. The highest plant height was recorded by the genotype BGS-9 at 30 and 60 DAT, but the same could not top in plant height at 90 DAT. However, it could maintain parity with the tallest genotype BGS-8 at 90 DAT. The genotype BGS-8 showed maximum leaf area per plant at 60 and 90 DAT whereas, BGS-9 had the maximum leaf area per plant at 30 DAT. The top three genotypes BGS-9, BGS-8 and BGS-2 which were significantly superior in respect of absolute growth rate as compared to other genotypes, were also proved themselves superior in the rest of vegetative parameters. The genotype BGS-11 took minimum number of days (42.47) to flower bud initiation and was on par with BGS-4, BGS-3, BGS-6, BGS-10, BGS-5 and DGS-1. The genotypes BGS 8, BGS-2 and BGS-9 were found to be the highest yielders in terms of number of flowers per plant. Genotypes, BGS-5, BGS-6 and BGS-3 were medium yielders whereas; DGS-1, BGS-11 and BGS-1 were found to be poor yielders. The genotype BGS-8 recorded maximum weight of flowers per plant on par with BGS-9, BGS-2, BGS-5, BGS-3, BGS-6, BGS-7 and BGS-4. The maximum flower diameter was recorded in BGS-1. The estimates of both PCV and GCV were high for plant spread, number of secondary branches per plant, leaf area per plant, number of flowers per plant and flower yield per m2 , thus indicating the existence of more variability for these traits not only at phenotypic but also at genotypic level. High heritability in conjunction with high GAM was observed in the present study for plant spread, number of secondary branches per plant, leaf area per plant, individual flower weight, number of flowers per plant and flower yield per m2 , thus indicating the preponderance of additive gene action governing the inheritance of these characters and offers the best possibility of improvement through simple selection procedures. Correlations studies revealed that the leaf area per plant exhibited significant and positive correlation with leaf chlorophyll, days taken for flower bud initiation and shelf life; highly significant positive association with plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, days for 50 per cent flowering, duration of flowering, in-situ longevity, individual flower weight, number of flowers per plant and flower yield per m2 . Leaf chlorophyll exhibited significant and positive association with number of flowers per plant while, highly significant positive association with plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, plant spread, leaf area per plant, days for 50 per cent flowering, duration of flowering individual flower weight and flower yield per m2 .
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    EFFECT OF FERTIGATION AND GIBBERELLIC ACID ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM (Dendranthema morifolium) cv. Marigold
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE VENKATARAMANNAGUDEM, W.G.Dist – 534 101 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-08-02) ULLI MURALI KRISHNA; Dr. K. RAJENDRA PRASAD
    The present investigation entitled “Effect of fertigation and gibberellic acid concentrations on growth, yield and quality of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema morifolium) cv. Marigold” was conducted at HRS, Pandirimamidi, East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh during 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out with 16 different treatment combinations in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) replicated thrice. The results of the experiment showed significant differences among the levels of fertigation, gibberellic acid concentrations and their interactions on all the parameters. Among the fertigation levels 100% RDF fertigation applied treatment combinations performed best with respect to the most of the vegetative, flowering and yield parameters. Fertigation with 100 % RDF recorded better growth among all parameters followed by 80% RDF. This is due to adequate supply of water and nutrients for the growth and development of plant. Significant growth was recorded regarding plant height, plant spread, number of primary branches and secondary branches. Providing sufficient nutrients to the plant results in greater development of green tissues, which in turn synthesizes higher amount of food for assimilation. As a result, plant growth increases leading to accumulation of total dry matter. The maximum desirable performance in respect of flowering parameters was recorded by GA3 200 ppm sprayed plants, followed by the 150 ppm GA3 spray. Earliest bud initiation, shortest time to full opening of flower, early occurrence of 50% and 100% flowering, extended flowering duration, maximum in situ longevity were exhibited by these treatments which were treated by GA3 200. Among the treatment combinations fertigation with 100% RDF with GA3 200 ppm concentration spray was found best with respect to the vegetative parameters and yield parameters like number of flowers per plant, number flowers per plot, number of flowers per hectare, yield of flowers per plant, yield of flowers per plot and yield of flowers per hectare. Marigold cv. showed positive and desirable results regarding all the vegetative, flowering and yield parameters with 100% RDF with the combination of GA3 200 ppm spray and least was recorded with 60% RDF and water spray among the treatment combinations in the experiment.
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    STUDIES ON MUTAGENIC EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION IN TUBEROSE (Polianthes tuberosa L.)
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE, ANANTHARAJUPETA, KADAPA – 516105 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-11-07) CHANNAPURAPU SAI RATNA SHARAVANI; DR. K. SWARAJYA LAKSHMI
    Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) is a vegetatively propagated crop used as loose flowers, cut flowers and also as raw material for the extraction of the highly valued natural flower oil. Genetic improvement of tuberose is hampered by meager genetic variability, self incompatibility, seed sterility and these factors impair the conventional improvement programme. Mutation breeding is one of the best options for supersizing the genetic base and enhancing the crop diversity. Hence the present experiment entitled “Studies on mutagenic effects of gamma irradiation in tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.)” was carried at Floriculture block, College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R. Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh during 2017-19 with the objective to estimate the lethal dose of physical mutagen, gamma rays, to evaluate the growth, yield and qualitative traits of tuberose cv. ‘Hyderabad Single’, subjected to gamma irradiation at LD50 (20 Gy) and to conduct molecular analysis of desirable mutants obtained from mutant population with RAPD and ISSR markers. The bulbs of tuberose cv. ‘Hyderabad Single’ were treated with different doses of gamma rays viz., 5 Gy, 10 Gy, 15 Gy, 20 Gy, 25 Gy and 30Gy at BARC, Mumbai. Untreated bulbs were used as control and the experiment was laid out in a CRD. The sprouting percentage decreased with gradual increase in dose of irradiation. The plant height was maximum in 5 Gy (44.8 cm), as the gamma irradiation dose increased all vegetative (survival per cent, plant height, plant spread, leaf area, width of leaves, number of shoots per clump), floral (spike length, rachis length, number of florets per spike, weight of floret, number of spikes per plant and flower yield), bulb (number of bulbs per clump, weight of bulbs, average diameter of bulbs, average length of bulbs and circumference of clump) and biochemical characters (SPAD chlorophyll content) recorded a gradual decline. The irradiation doses higher than 20 Gy recorded no flowering through out the period of study. Leaf variegation was observed for plants treated with 15, 20 and 25 Gy. The LD50 value was assessed based on mortality percentage and the probit analysis revealed that the LD50 value was 20 Gy. Subsequently, a total of 500 bulbs were treated with LD50 (20 Gy) value at BARC, Mumbai. The results indicated that, the growth, yield and quality parameters of some irradiated plants at LD50 value (20 Gy) showed superiority over control. Out of 265 mutants, 88 mutants were superior to control with regards to days to sprouting, 35 mutants were superior to control with regards to plant height, 35 mutants were found superior for leaf length, 21 mutants were found superior interms of leaf width, four mutants were found superior for number of shoots per clump, two mutants showed variegated leaves (M185 and M243) and 34 mutants with respect to number of primary branches. Among 265 mutants 69 mutants showed flowering. Among the floral components the mutants exhibited a superiority in the characters viz., early spike emergence (3 mutants), days to first floret opening (2 mutants), spike length (11 mutants), rachis length (6 mutants), number of florets (8 mutants), weight of floret (2 mutants), length of floret (23 mutants), perianth tube diameter (29 mutants), number of spikes per plant (1 mutant) and flower yield per plant (3 mutants) compared to control. Among 265 mutants, 5 mutants showed more number of bulbs per clump and weight of bulbs per clump, 45 mutants recorded maximum average diameter of bulb, 14 mutants recorded maximum average length of clump and four mutants recored maximum circumference of clump. Seventeen mutants were recorded superior for SPAD chlorophyll content and 180 mutants recorded superior for per cent disease index of Alternaria leaf spot compared to control. Wide spectrum of variation was observed in M1V1 generation for leaf colour. M185 had showed yellowish green (151C) at centre and green (137 A) at perifery, while, M243 showed green (138B) at centre with yellowish green (151C) at perifery. All the mutant population including control bore white colour flowers. There was a positive correlation among majority of the significant estimates, for flower yield per plant. Maximum positive correlation was recorded for number of florets per spike with flower yield, while minimum positive correlation was recorded for circumference of clump with flower yield per plant. Among the 113 significant correlations, 99 showed a positive trend, this correlation suggests that the improvement of those individual traits would simultaneously improve other pair wise traits due to correlated response. Traits which are significant with the flower yield per plant will also be useful in selection of desirable plants from the mutant population. From the mutant population molecular analysis was conducted for seven mutant plants, M2 (mutant plant showing compact floret arrangement and more number of florets), M 185 and M243 (Chlorophyll mutants), M308 (Dwarf statured mutant) M349, M395, M398 (branched inflorescence mutant) with 25 RAPD and 29 ISSR primers, which enabled to know the diversity among mutants and control. Maximum PIC, He, Ho, EMR and Rp registered with the RAPD and ISSR primers prompts insight of molecular complexity involved. Mutant population showing novelity, superiority in quality and yield were selected for progressing them to the next generation. The mutants M2, M50, M63, M83, M120, M185, M212, M243, M308, M319, M336, M337, M349, M395, M398, M436, M490 showed superiority in yield and quality traits. Hence, these mutant plants have been selected for progressing to M2 generation