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Subject: Electronics and Communication Engineering ×

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    EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON SEX EXPRESSION, GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF BITTER GOURD cv. VK-1-PRIYA
    (COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE ANANTHARAJUPETA, Y.S.R. Dist. 516 105 ANDHRA PRADESH, 2019-07-06) K. AISHWARYA YADAV; Dr. P. Syam Sundar Reddy
    A field experiment on “Effect of foliar application of plant growth regulators on sex expression, growth, yield and quality of bitter gourd cv. Priya.” was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with three replications at College of Horticulture, Anantharajupeta, YSR Dist, Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2018. The experiment consists of 9 PGR treatments with two concentrations each of NAA (50, 100 ppm), GA3 (15, 25 ppm), MH (50, 100 ppm), Ethrel (100, 200 ppm) and control (water spray) and three stages of PGRs application viz., S1 (2-4 leaf stage), S2 (2-4 leaf stage and flower initiation stage) and S3 (2-4 leaf stage, flower initiation and fruit stage). The results of the experiment revealed that application of GA3 25 ppm (T4) significantly recorded maximum vine length (31.56 cm, 188.33 cm and 335.56 cm at 20, 40 DAS and at final harvest respectively) and highest male flower node number (12.91) at 2-4 leaf stage (S1); maximum number of leaves (26.47, 101.07 and 241.03 at 20, 40 DAS and at final harvest respectively) and maximum leaf area (116.02 cm2 ) at S2 stage (2-4 leaf and flower initiation stage) respectively. Application of MH 100 ppm at S1 (2-4 leaf stage) significantly recorded maximum number of branches per vine (13.57). While ethrel 200 ppm (T8) at S1 stage (2-4 leaf) significantly recorded lower node to first female flower appearance (11.99) and lowest number of days to 50% flowering (30.30). However minimum growth characters were noticed in control. With regard to flowering, ethrel 200 ppm (T8) when sprayed at 2-4 leaf stage (S1) significantly delayed the first male flower appearance (30.70) and took minimum days to first female flower appearance (34.30), minimum number of male flowers (253.46), maximum number of female flowers (41.40) and lowest (male: female) sex ratio (6.12). Pertaining to yield and yield attributing characters viz., fruit length (15.97 cm), fruit diameter (8.39 cm) and average fruit weight (129.3 g) was significantly maximum with ethrel 200 ppm (T8) sprayed at 2-4 leaf and flower initiation stage (S2). While ethrel 200ppm (T8) at 2-4 leaf stage (S1) significantly recorded highest number of fruits per plant (30.38), maximum fruit yield per plant (3.30 kg) , maximum fruit yield per hectare (17.511 t) and took least number of days to first fruit harvest (54.19). Ethrel 200 ppm at S3 stage (2-4 leaf, flower initiation and fruit initiation) significantly extended the days to last fruit harvest (123.21). NAA 100 ppm (T2) significantly recorded maximum fruit set percentage (87.60) when sprayed at S1 (2-4 leaf stage) over control. Among the quality parameters, maximum reducing sugars (1.88%) was recorded with ethrel 100 ppm (T7) when sprayed at S1 (2-4 leaf stage). Application NAA 100 ppm (T2) at S2 stage (sprayed at 2-4 leaf stage and flower initiation) recorded maximum non reducing sugars (3.44%), while chlorophyll content (249.17 mg/g fresh wt.) was highest at S3 stage (2-4 leaf stage, flower initiation and fruit initiation). Application of ethrel 200 ppm (T8) significantly recorded maximum total sugars (5.22%) at S2 stage (2-4 leaf stage and flower initiation) and maximum TSS (3.47 0Brix) at S3 stage (2-4 leaf stage, flower initiation and fruit initiation). The promotion of growth in gibberellins treated plants in terms of increase in the vine length, leaf area and leaf number has been attributed to the increase in cell wall plasticity followed by hydrolysis of starch to sugars leading to the decrease in water potential of cell, resulting in the entry of water into the cell causing elongation. Increase in yield and yield attributing characters in ethrel treated plants may be attributed to physiologically more active build up of sufficient food stock for the developing flowers and fruits ultimately leading to higher yield. It appears to be consequence of more number of female flowers, higher fruit set percentage and increased fruit length, diameter and average fruit weight.