Loading...
Theses
Browse
543 results
Search Results
ThesisItem Open Access Studies on the management of alternaria alternata causing leaf spot of okra(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2021) Choudhary, Ajay; Bhatt, JayantOkra is an important vegetable crop with a diverse array of nutritional quality and potential health benefits. India ranks first in area and production of okra. The crop occupies nearly 511 thousand hectares area, production 5848.6 thousand metric tones and productivity of 11.40 metric tones/ha. In Madhya pradesh okra crop occupies area 27.11 thousand hectares with production 342.05 thousand metric tonnes and productivity 12.62 metric tones/ha. The present investigation, “Studies on the management of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot of okra” was mainly focused on isolation, purification, cultural studies, pathogenicity, effect ofvarious doses of Nitrogen and carbon sources, management through plant extract,oil cakes, chemicals andImpact of different levels depth of burial on survival of Alternaria alternata. Pathogenicity test was performed by by artificial inoculation with spore suspension (1 x 103 spores / ml) on leaves of okra. Four different nitrogen sources viz., Sodium nitrate, Potassium nitrate, Urea and Peptone in Richards' agar medium were tested to know their effect on the growth of A. alternata. Potassium nitrate found better growth of A. alternata followed by Peptone Sodium nitrate. Poor mycelial growth was recorded in Urea. Five different carbon sources viz., Dextrose, Mannitol, Sucrose, Fructose and Galactose were tested in Richards' agar medium to know their effect on the growth by fungus.sucrose found better growth of A. alternata followed by Fructose, Dextrose, galactose, manitol are least effective against the target pathogen. A set of nine phyto-extracts including Neem, Tulsi, Karanj, Jatropha, Babul, Ashok, Bauganivillea, mendhi and Neelgiri were used to evaluate their efficacy in inhibiting A. alternata at 10, 20 and 30 per cent concentrations under in vitro conditions using poisoned food technique. Neem leaf extract was found very promising in inhibiting the growth of test pathogen as it produced 50.75 percent growth inhibition of A. alternata. A set of four Oil cake including Neem cake, Linseed cake Cotton cake and Mustard cake were used to evaluate their efficacy in inhibiting A. alternata at 10, 20 and 30 per cent concentrations under in vitro conditions using poisoned food technique. Mustard cake was found very promising in inhibiting the growth of test pathogen as it produced 54.23 percent growth inhibition of A. alternata at 30 percent concentration. A set of nine fungicides namely Tebuconazole, Hexaconazole, Mencozeb, Copper oxychloride, Carbandazim, Thiram, Propiconazole, Copper oxychloride + Carbandazim and captan + Hexaconazole were tested for their efficacy againsA. alternata under in vitro condition using Poisoned food technique at four different concentration of respective fungicide (10 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm).Propiconazol found best fungicides for inhibition of radial growth of A. alternata. The pathogen A. alternata survived for 90 days in infected plant debris in pot soil. Duration of survival is reduced as depth of burial increased and maximum growth found at 2.5 cm depth after 120 hours of incubation period.ThesisItem Open Access Study on management of phomopsis blight of brinjal caused by phomopsis vexans(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2021) Kanwlada, Suresh; Bhatt, JayantThe present investigation entitled "Study on Management of PhomopsisBlight of Brinjalcaused by Phomopsisvexans" was mainly focused on cultural characterization of Phomopsisvexans physiological requirements and its management. The disease appeared at all the stages of crop growth and spreads to aerial parts of plant mostly on leaves small spots, with circular to deep brown with light colored centre and dark margins. On potato dextrose agar medium, the colony was medium growing, fluffy with wavy margins, floccose in appearance, compact and thick; whitish to pale in color with distinct concentric ring .A distinct yellowish zone alternated with dark brownish zone was observed on the reverse side of the colony.with floccose mycelium and produced numerous black, globose to irregular pycnidia (up to 300 μm). conidia were one celled, hyaline and ellipsoidal (4.5-10.3 μm long × 1.8- 2.1 μm wide). Further, 25 °C was recorded optimum for growth. The maximum radial growth of P. vexans was recorded at PH 6.5 after different incubation periods. Further highest radial growth was observed in alternate dark and light. Among different carbon sources were observed the highest radial growth was noted in dextrose. Among the nine phyto-extracts including Neem, Tulsi, Karanj, Jatropha, Datura, Ashok, Parthenium, Mehndi, Neelgiri at 10, 20 and 30 per cent concentrations, the maximum per cent inhibition in growth of P. vexans was recorded in Neem leaf extract followed by Datura leaf extract at both concentrations. Fungicides namely Tebuconazole, Carbendazim 12% WP,Hexaconazole, Mancozeb 63% WP, Copper oxychloride, Carbandazim, Thiram, Propiconazole 25% EC,Copper Oxychliride 88% W/W, Copper oxychloride + Carbandazim and captan + Hexaconazole were tested for their efficacy against P. vexans under in vitro conditions using Poisoned food technique at four different concentrations (250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm). It was observed that the maximum inhibition in growth of P. vexans was recorded by Propiconazole followed by Carbendazim at all the tested concentrations.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of different management practices against fusarium wilt of tomato caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ( Sacc.) snyder and hansen(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2021) Patidar, Hariom; VibhaThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of different management practices against Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder and Hansen” was carried out at Department of Plant Pathology, (J.N.K.V.V.), College of Agriculture, Jabalpur (M.P.) with the objective to record the incidence of Fusarium wilt of tomato in Jabalpur and Jhabua district and to evaluation of organic product, bioagents and chemicals against the isolated pathogen. Fusarium wilt of tomato was present in all the villages and block which surveyed. However, the incidence was not similar and it varied from place to place. The maximum incidence of Fusarium wilt of tomato was recorded in Panagar taluka in Mahgawan village which was 95%. There was noticeable difference on disease incidence between grafted (0%) and non-grafted (45%) methods. Minimum intensity of 54.32 per cent and 62.24 per cent was recorded while using FYM (Farm Yard Manure) with pre-composted deoiled sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) leave SBL @25t/ha at 60 days and 90 days respectively. The minimum wilt intensity of 28.54 % (61.01% inhibition) and 50.06% (38.65% inhibition) was recorded recpectively at 60 and 90 days in treatment with use of FYM with Trichoderma viridae @ 5kg/ha + P. fluorenscens @ 5kg/ha. The minimum wilt intensity of 24.5% (64.73% inhibition) and 41.68 % (48.42 % inhibition was recorded recpectively at 60 and 90 days in treatment with use of Humic acid (400ppm) + (Pyraclostrobin + Epoxyconazole) (1000ppm). The maximum inhibition of 4.4 cm constituting 28.8 percent inhibition was recorded with use of FYM with SBL @ 25t/ha (100%). The maximum inhibition of 2.63cm constituting 57.44 percent inhibition was recorded with use of FYM with Trichoderma viridae @ 5kg/ha + P. fluorescence @ 5kg/ha. The maximum inhibition of 1.8cm constituting 71.48 percent inhibition was recorded with use of Humic acid (400ppm) + (Pyraclostrobin + Epoxyconazole) (1000ppm). The yield attributing parameters viz. Shoot length, root length, dry shoot weight, fresh shoot weight fresh root weight and dry root weight are significantly enhanced by the application of with FYM (Farm Yard Manure) with pre-composted deoiled sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) leave SBL @25t/ha (100%). Among different bioagents with their combinations, maximum shoot length, root length, dry shoot weight, fresh shoot weight fresh root weightand dry root weight are significantly enhanced by the application of FYM with Trichoderma viridae @ 5kg/ha + P. fluorenscens @ 5kg/ha. Among different bioagents conventional chemicals with their combinations, maximum shoot length, root length, dry shoot weight, fresh shoot weight fresh root weight and dry root weight are significantly enhanced by the application of Humic acid (400ppm) + (Pyraclostobin + Epoxyconazole) (1000ppm).ThesisItem Open Access Studies on alternaria solani causing early blight of tomato and its management(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2021) Dhaka, Sunita; Bhatt, JayantThe investigation entitled “Studies on Alternariasolani causing Early blight of tomato and its management.” Was conducted at department of Plant Pathology, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur (M.P.) during rabi 2020-21. The experiment was conducted with the following objectives 1. To isolate, Purify and identify A. solani and confirm the test of pathogenicity. 2. To test effects of different depth levels of burial on the survival of A. solani. 3. To test various Nitrogen and Carbon sources on growth of A. solani. 4. To management of A. solani through phytoextracts, oil cakes and chemicals. Tomato is one of the most popular vegetable crop cultivated extensively all over the world for its edible fruits. The biotic contributors such as fungi, bacteria, virus and nematodes causing major losses to the crop. The pathogen A. solani is air borne and soil inhabiting fungus and is responsible for early blight and fruit rot of tomato. A.solani infect all the above ground parts of the plant at all the stages of growth and development. The disease is characterized by the appearance of brown to dark brown necrotic spots with concentric rings on foliage, stem and fruits. Conidia contained 5-10 transverse and 1-5 longitudinal septa. In survival Maximum radial mycelial growth 88.60mm recorded at 2.5cm depth and lowest growth 30.45mm recorded at 20 cm depth. Duration of survival reduced as the depth of burial increased. In nitrogen sources highest mean radial mycelial growth of A. solani was recorded in Ammonium nitrate (82.50mm) as compared to the rest of the compounds tested. Ammonium nitrate was observed to be the best source of nitrogen. In carbon sources better growth was recorded sucrose(83.52mm) and Glucose (81.52mm). In phytoextractNeem (74.67%) and Karanj (65.64%) are highest mycelial growth and lowest was found in babul (Acacianilotica) 49.08% against A. solani. Oil cakes in highest percent inhibition was recorded by neem cake followed by Mustard. Lowest percent inhibition was recorded in linseed cake. and Propiconazole (90.19%), tebuconazole (86.52%) and mancozeb (80.63%) was highest percent inhibition and copper oxychloride (42.65%) are lowest percent inhibition recorded.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on integrated management of collar rot of chickpea(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2021) Tiwari, Priya; Kumar, AshishThesisItem Open Access Studies on alternaria blight og niger caused by alternaria spp. and their management(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2021) Dewangan, Abhishek; Gupta, K.NThesisItem Open Access Epidemiology and management of leaf spot of chilli caused by alternaria alternata ( Fr.) keissler(JNKVV, Jabalpur, 2021) Goswami, Shailja; Khare, U.KThe investigation entitled “Epidemiology and Management of Leaf spot of Chilli caused by Alternariaalternate (Fr.) Keissler” was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, J.N.K.V.V, Jabalpur (M.P) during 2020-2021. The present investigation was conducted with the following objectives. 1. To determine the status of Alternaria leaf spot of chilli in and around Jabalpur. 2. To study the effect of weather parameters on the development of the disease and cultural characterization of Alternariaalternata. 3. To determine the impact of fungicides application on the development of disease. Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is well known for its aroma, pungency and medicinal value.Its multipurpose functions and good nutritive value is well known to the World.The losses caused by the Alternaria leaf spot, 5–85 per cent as reported by Mathur and Agnihotri (1961), thus attention has been given to this disease of chilli.The Alternaria sp. survives as a saprophyte on the plant debris in soil, dissemination takes place by wind and on favourable environmental conditions they germinate andinvade into the host. The highest per cent disease incidence was observed during the survey inOnriya village (40 per cent) while lowest was observed in PadwarKalan (20 per cent). The pathogen was identified as Alternariaalternata based on the cultural and morphological characters.The pathogenicity test was demonstrated on healthy chilli plants in their natural environment as well as under in vitro conditions on detached chilli leaves using the spore suspension method.The most noticeable character of the fungus is the development of the concentric rings in the centre of the spots on leaves.The maximum radial growth of the fungus was observed at 30°C (71mm) temperature followed by 25°C (69.5mm) and the minimum growth was observed at 15°C (26.5mm) temperature. For the maximum growth of the fungus, the best pH observed was 6.5 (68.5mm) followed by 6.0 (61mm) and the minimum growth was observed at pH 4.0 (47mm). The best relative humidity on which the pathogen exhibits maximum radial growth was 80 per cent (78.16mm) followed by 90 per cent (74.66mm) and the minimum growth was observed at 60 per cent (68.33mm). The best synthetic media on which the maximum radial growth was observed is Richard’s agar (86.83mm) and the best non-synthetic media on which the maximum radial growth was observed is Oatmeal agar media (75.5mm). Among all eight tested fungicides, the best combination found in reducing the per cent disease incidence against A.alternata was Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG (4.44 per cent) followed by Tebuconazole 10% + Sulphur 65% WG (11.11 per cent) and least effect was observed in case of Carboxin 37.5% + Thiram 37.5% WS (57.8 per cent) as compared with the control. On analyzing the disease development with the weather parameters, the maximum per cent disease incidence (12.67 per cent) was observed in January month when the maximum temperature goes 26.5°C and relative humidity 87 per cent with 0.5mm rainfall and the minimum per cent disease incidence (2.50 per cent) was observed in March when the maximum temperature goes 33.9°C and relative humidity 67 per cent with 0.0mm rainfall.ThesisItem Open Access Status of spot blotch of wheat and its management under Jabalpur condition(JNKVV, Jabalpur 2021, 2021) Vishal, Kailash; Gupta, Pramod KumarWheat (Triticum spp. L.) is a Poaceae family crop (Graminae). It is India's second most important cereal crop after rice and a vital staple food in the South Asian region). Wheat is one of the most widely produced and consumed cereals, providing around 20% of total energy and protein to the world's population. During the 2018-19 crop year, India produced 101.20 metric tonnes (mt) of wheat from a land area of 29.55 million hectares (mha) Uttar Pradesh typically ranks first in wheat production, with a total record output of 31.99 mt (32 percent) on a 9.79 mha area, followed by Punjab (17.61 mt (18 percent) and Madhya Pradesh 15.19 mt (18 percent).India is the world's second-largest wheat producer Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem causes wheat spot blotch disease. The wheat crop in Madhya Pradesh suffers from a number of fungal diseases, among which Bipolaris sorokiniana causes spot blotch. The pathogen attacks at all the growth stages of the crop, starting from the seedling to maturity of the plant, so it is indeed a desirable idea to work on management of spot blotch disease. With this in mind, the present research project, titled “Status of spot blotch of wheat and its management under Jabalpur conditions”, has been planned. During the rabi season of 2020, an intense roving survey was undertaken to assess the spot blotch of wheat incidence in the agro-climatic condition of Jabalpur. The average disease incidence varied from 15.77 to 23.55 per cent, according to the results of the field study. The maximum PDI (23.55%) was recorded in Mandla district, whereas the minimum PDI (15.77%) was recorded in Narsinghpur district in Madhya Pradesh. For the study of cultural and morphological variation among spot blotches of wheat isolates, pathogenic diversity among pathogen populations may give information into infections ability to cause disease in a certain location. The goal of this study was to collect data on pathogen diversity in relation to isolate aggressiveness in the agro-climatic condition of Jabalpur, as well as to assess the diversity of the pathogen population and its ability to produce severe disease. Various bio agents and chemical fungicides are tested for efficacy against the pathogen. The concentrations of bio agents and fungicides are reduced to test their efficacy against the pathogen.Bio agents and fungicides reduce the spot blotch of wheat disease incidence and disease severity by seed treatment and foliar application. Pseudomonas fluorescens (1.00%) was found to be a highly effective bio agent in seed treatments, reducing disease incidence by 62.25 percent.The most effective fungicide among all the tested fungicides was propiconazole (0.15%). It inhibited 86.58% of disease incidence. In foliar application of different bio agents and fungicides, Pseudomonas fluorescens was found to be a highly effective bio agent against the spot blotch of wheat. Disease incidence was lowest in Pseudomonas fluorescens treated plots, compared to other bio-agents, which inhibited 49.19% of disease incidence. In chemical, propiconazole fungicide was the most effective fungicide among all the tested fungicides. Propiconazole treated field plots inhibited 67.80% of disease incidence and also reduced the severity level. In terms of in-vitro efficacy of fungicides and bio agents against Bipolaris isolates, propiconazole (0.15%) treated plates had 100% growth inhibition after 7 days of inoculation. The bio agents were found to be highly effective in inhibiting the growth of Bipolaris isolates, inhibiting 40.43 percent of their growth. Revealed that the mean incidence of spot blotch of wheat was significantly positively correlated with maximum temp.(0.766), minimum temp.(0.728) and rainfall (0.170). During the flowering stage of the crop, rainfall has a significant impact on the development of disease. Bipolaris sorokiniana, associated with spot blotches of wheat, is favored by high temperatures.ThesisItem Open Access Morphological and Cultural Variability in Alternaria brassicae from major cruciferous crop((Rewa) Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, 2018) Malakar, Lokesh; Kumar, Ashish