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Author: Tiwari, Ashish × Start date: 1990 × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Impact studies of different resource conservation practices on cropping systems in kymore plateu and satpura hills
    (JNKVV, 2014) Tiwari, Ashish; Agrawal, K.K.
    ABSTRACT Grain yield of all Kharif and Rabi crops was significantly affected due to tillage operation during both the years of investigation. Based on two years mean data conventional tillage proved significantly superior to minimum tillage from total production point of view. Conventional tillage produced significantly maximum REYs (101.97 q/ha/year) as compared to minimum tillage. The grain yield was significantly higher during Kharif and Rabi as compared to no mulch application and this trend was reflected in terms of total productivity. In both years, the grain yield of Kharif and Rabi crops was significantly higher in the treatment where 100% RDF with 25% N through organic sources was applied as compared to 100% RDF. To assess the total productivity of various cropping systems as a whole, rice equivalent yields (REYs) were determined under different treatments. Based on two years data, the REYs significantly varied due to different tillage, cropping systems, mulch and fertility levels. Rice-wheat cropping system produced higher REYs (114.48 q/ha/year) than the rice-berseem (106.16 q/ha) which in maize-wheat, sorghum-wheat (106.16, 90.55 and 89.63 q/ha/year) respectively. In comparison between mulch and fertility levels, mulching application produced significantly maximum (100.80 q/ha/year) and 100% RDF + 25% N through organic source produce highest REYs (102.49 q/ha/year). The water productivity of tillage in Kharif season was significantly higher (38.15 kg/ha/cm) with conventional tillage than minimum tillage (36.96 kg/ha/cm) but in Rabi conventional tillage was as good as minimum tillage. As regards cropping system during significantly rice crop had greater WUE (48.60 kg/ha/cm) than other croppings in rice-berseem cropping. On the other hand in (sorghum-wheat) cropping sorghum had minimum (24.93 kg/ha/cm) water use efficiency. In the Rabi season berseem crop had maximum (102.59 kg/ha/cm) water use efficiency in rice-berseem cropping and the minimum was (91.91 kg/ha/cm) in CS4 (sorghum-wheat) wheat crop was recorded. In mulch application during Kharif season the significantly maximum water use efficiency was recorded in mulch (37.75 kg/ha/cm) and the lowest in no mulch application (37.01 kg/ha/cm). But in Rabi season significantly higher water use efficiency in with mulch application (96.63 kg/ha/cm) was recorded. In fertility levels in Kharif season the significantly maximum WUE (37.87 kg/ha/cm) was in 100% RDF + 25% N through organic sources and minimum (36.79 kg/ha/cm) in 100% RDF was recorded. In Rabi season first year was non significantly differ between F1 and F2 but in second year significantly maximum (98.08 kg/ha/cm) in F2 (100% RDF + 25% N through organic sources) and the minimum (91.16 kg/ha/cm) in F1 (100% RDF) was recorded. Thus, it could be said the during kharif season under fertility levels significantly higher water use efficiency was noted with 100% RDF + 25% through organic source than application of 100% RDF. Whereas in the rabi season differences was non significant in first year but it was significant during second year significant higher water use efficiency was with the application of 100% RDF + 25% N through organic sources as compared to 100% RDF. On the basis of above findings it can be concluded. The cost of cultivation to grow rice-berseem cropping system in conventional tillage with application of and 100% RDF + 25% N through organic sources needed maximum investment (67175 `/ha), which was reduced to 65175, 63775 and 63325 `/ha under T2xCS2xM0xF2, T1xCS2xM1xF2 and T2xCS2xM1xF1 respectively, while it was the least (47196 `/ha) in minimum tillage sorghum-wheat cropping, no mulch application and 100% RDF. While considering the monetary advantages by the treatments in terms of GMR, conventional tillage (127490 `/ha), rice-wheat (cropping system (143119 `/ha), mulch application (126030 `/ha) and 100% RED + 25% N through organic sources (127689 `/ha) resulted in the highest GMRs. The GMRs of a particular were positively related with the grain and straw yields of both crops. But the NMRs were determined by subtraction the cost of cultivation from the GMRs of the same treatment. Hence, it could be said the true monetary gain to the growers with that treatment. Based on the results, conventional tillage (69331 `/ha), rice-wheat cropping system (85889 `/ha), no mulch application (69064 `/ha) and 100% RDF (69223 `/ha) fetched the highest NMRs. The profitability (B:C ratio) under minimum tillage rice-wheat cropping system mulch application and 100% RDF was 2.25, 2.50, 2.24 and 2.29 respectively.