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Author: Kumar, Vinod × Start date: 1961 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    Morphological characterization and genetic analysis for yield and quality traits in niger
    (JNKVV, 2016) Kumar, Vinod; Bisen, Rajani
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Morphological Characterization and Genetic Analysis for Yield and Quality Traits in Niger” was conducted under Project Coordinating Unit (Sesame and Niger) Research Farm, JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) during kharif 2015. This investigation was carried out with 71 germplasm of niger in Randomized Complete Block Design replicated thrice. Data were recorded on flower petal colour, number of petal per capitula, stem pigmentation, stem hairiness, leaf colour, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf serration of margin, leaf angle of branching, margin of corolla, plant branching pattern, seed shape, seed coat colour, days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, days to maturity, 1000 seed weight, seed length, seed yield per plant, oil content (%) and FFA content (%). The objective of this study was to characterize niger germplasm based on morphological traits, study the genetic variability, correlation analysis, path coefficient analysis, genetic divergence and rank germplasm based on principal component analysis for yield and yield attributing traits. Niger germplasm were characterized on the basis of thirteen morphological traits viz., flower petal color, number of petal per capitulum, stem pigmentation, stem hairiness, leaf colour, leaf size, leaf shape, leaf serration of margin, leaf angle of branching, margin of corolla, plant branching pattern, seed shape and seed coat colour. From the study of these characters we can easily identify different germplasm. The high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation was recorded for seed yield per plant, free fatty acid content (%), number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, plant height and seed length. Similarly, low PCV and GCV were observed for oil content (%), 1000 seed weight, days of 50% flowering and days to maturity. Most of the characters expressed high estimates of broad sense heritability except number of primary branches per plant which showed moderate heritability. The highest genetic advance as percentage of mean was recorded for seed yield per plant followed by free fatty acid content (%), number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, seed length, number of primary branches per plant and plant height. Moderate genetic advance was observed for oil content (%),and low for 1000 seed weight, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. The study revealed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for seed yield per plant, free fatty acid content (%), number of secondary branches per plant, number of capitula per plant, seed length and plant height, while high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance was observed for oil content (%). On the basis of correlation and path studies of the present investigation, most important traits identified among the promising germplasm of niger were seed length, number of capitula per plant, 1000 seed weight, number of secondary branches per plant and days to 50% flowering. Mahalanobis D2 analysis was conducted by Tocher’s method. Out of eleven, Cluster II was the largest among all clusters comprising 19 germplasm followed by cluster I (18 germplasm), cluster IX (9 germplasm), cluster X (6 germplasm), cluster VII (6 germplasm), cluster XI (5 germplasm) and cluster IV (4 germplasm). Cluster III, V, VI and VIII were monotypic. The highest intra cluster distance was recorded by cluster X followed by cluster IX, cluster XI, cluster IV, cluster VII, cluster II and Cluster I. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between the clusters VII and XI followed by clusters IV and XI, clusters VI and VII, clusters II and XI, clusters VII and IX, clusters V and VII, clusters IV and VI, clusters IV and V and clusters IX and XI. The highest cluster mean values were recorded for days to 50% flowering and oil content (%) in cluster V, number of primary branches, plant height and days to maturity in cluster VI, number of secondary branches, number of capitula per plant, seed length, 1000 seed weight and seed yield per plant in cluster XI. Out of eleven, only 8 principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 0.5 Eigen value and showed about 88.32 % variability among the traits studied. Rotated component matrix revealed that the PC1 accounted for the highest variation (25.78%) which was mostly related with yield attributing traits such as number of secondary branches/plant, number of capitula per plant, 1000 seed weight, seed yield per plant (g) and seed length. PC2 accounted for number of primary branches per plant and free fatty acid content (%). PC3 accounted for characters viz., days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. PC4 accounted for characters oil content (%) and PC5 accounted for plant height. The PC scores of the each component (PC1, PC2, PC3, PC4 and PC5) had positive and negative values. Germplasm lines showing maximum positive PC scores and common in PC1, PC2 and PC4 which are mostly related with yield and quality traits are PHULE-4, CH-7, 5-1, BPB-1, NO.14, NO.36, EC158669, GA-5, GOUDAGOUDA, NO-1, IGP-76, IGP-37, DB-500, 41-52 and EC 158671. Maximum negative values were recorded in NC-63592, CH-32, IGP-234, NO.5, EC-158673, COMP-II, 5-4, RCR-64, NC-63595 and COMB-2 germplasm lines for traits days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and free fatty acid content (%).