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201622
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Subject: Plant Breeding × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2016 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic evaluation of wheat genotypes tolerance to terminal heat
    (JNKVV, 2016) Verma, Sudha; Shukla, R.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic studies for fodder and gain yield in selected accession of sorghum
    (JNKVV, 2016) Meena, Viswanath; Mehta, A.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic and divergence analysis in advanced lines of bresd wheat
    (JNKVV, 2016) Kabir, Pranay Mohan; Shukla, R.S.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on genetic divergence and combining ability analysis for yield and malting quality traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
    (JNKVV, 2016) Yadav, Sunil Kumar; Singh, A.K.
      ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “studies on genetic divergence and combining ability analysis for yield and malting quality traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)” was conducted to estimate the genetic diversity, heterosis, combining ability analysis, character association, path analysis and selection indices along with the nature of gene effects operative in the inheritance of different traits. The experimental material consisted of 10 barley genotypes and their 45 F1 and 45 F2 progenies generated in half diallel fashion, were evaluated in randomized block design with three replications during rabi 2014 at JNKVV, Instructional farm, College of Agriculture, Rewa (M.P.). The barley parental genotypes were evaluated using biometrical technique and microsatellite markers. A set of 19 morphological and 47 SSR markers revealed significant differences among the quantitative and qualitative traits. In total 166 alleles were scored from PCR based amplification profiles for selected genotypes. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 7 with an average of 3.52 alleles per locus. The band fragment size varied from 100 bp to 500 bp with PIC values ranging from 0.286 (Bmac154) to 0.804 (KV1/KV2) with an average of 0.551. Genetic diversity was estimated using Euclidean2 distance and UPGMA methods. Euclidean clustering revealed four clusters and groups II, III and IV exhibited highest mean value for most of the traits. Genotypes JB1, LAKHAN, KB1201 and RD2035 were identified as most suitable genotypes for hybrid performance for yield attributing characters like tillers/plant, grains/spike, 1000 grain weight, grain weight/spike, grain size and days to maturity. This information would be used as selection parameters to plan crosses and maximize the use of genetic diversity and expression of heterosis in barley breeding program for yield improvement. The highest mean performance for grain yield/plant along with some of the component traits was exhibited by crosses JB203/HUB113 and K508/JB1. Among the parents, HUB 113 and JYOTI were possessed highest grain yield/plant.The crosses RD2035/KB1201 and K508/JB203 exhibited earliest days to 50% flowering whereas, earliest days to maturity manifested by RD2035/KB1201,RD2869/KB1201 and JB1/JYOTI. Highest estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed in flag leaf area, upper leaf area, tillers/ plant, spikes/ plant and grain yield/ plant in F1 and F2. High estimates of heritability (broad sense) were recorded for most of the characters in F1 and F2. Traits like grains/spike and grain weight/spike showed moderate heritability in F1 and high heritability in F2. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that variances due to GCA as well as SCA were highly significant for all the traits studied in both the F1 and F2 generations except spike harvest index and protein content in F1 generation. Thus, both additive and non-additive gene effects were important in controlling the inheritance of the characters under studied. The estimates of SCA variance were higher than the corresponding estimates of GCA variance for all the traits, both in F1 and F2 and the ratio of GCA/SCA were less from the unity, for all the characters under study, suggesting that non-additive gene action was more important than additive gene effects in the inheritance of these traits. The estimates of general combining ability (GCA) effects revealed that out of the ten parents, JB203, K508, HUB113 and JB1 were observed as good general combiners for grain yield/plant. The specific combining ability (SCA) effects, which are supposed to be manifestation of non-additive components of genetic variance, are highly valuable for discrimination of crosses for their genetic worth. Several crosses exhibited significant and desirable SCA effects for one or more characters but none of them emerged as a good specific combiner for all the characters.Few crosses like K508/RD2811, K508/RD2869, JB203/HUB113 and JB203/JB1 were identified with high SCA effects for grain yield/plant as well as some other yield components and the cross JB203/HUB113 having highest positive and significant SCA effects for grain yield/plant. Significant role of additive genetic component (D) and its significant value was observed for the inheritance of days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. The non-additive component (H1) was found to be important for the genetic control of all the traits except days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. The relative magnitude of dominant component (H2) was higher as compared to additive component (D) for all the traits, indicating the preponderance of dominant gene effects in controlling the inheritance of these traits. The efficiency of selection in the segregating generations will increase if the nature and magnitude of interrelationships among component characters and grain yield is understood. Correlations provide the estimates of degree of association between characters whereas, path analysis helps to resolve these correlations into direct and indirect contributions of different component characters towards yield and thus unravels the cause of apparent correlations. Grain yield/plant showed significant and positive correlation with harvest index, tillers/plant, spikes/plant, grain weight/spike and grains/spike. The highest positive direct effect was exerted by harvest index on grain yield/plant at phenotypic and genotypic levels, respectively. Genetic relationships among yield and agronomic traits in barley populations and its application in selection of most appropriate indices so as to reach the highest genetic advance for grain yield and its components.The highest genetic advancement and relative gain were observed when, twelve characters viz., grain yield/ plant (X1), days to 50% flowering(X2), flag leaf area (X3), tillers/ plant(X4), spikes/plant(X5), 1000-grain weight (X6), grains/spike(X7), spike weight (X8), grain weight/ spike (X9), biological yield/ plant (X10), harvest index(X11) and husk content (X12) together formed an efficient selection indices (X1X2X3X4X5X6X7X8X9X10X11X12).Thus selection will be effective in the test materials used in the study as revealed by the significant substantial variations among the genotypes and their derived crosses for the characters observed . Therefore, the significant genetic variability for these characters in the genotypes recorded in the test materials can be further exploited through improvement and selection programmes.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic studies in bread wheat for drought tolerance
    (JNKVV, 2016) Pawar, Kshitiz Kumar; Singh, A.K.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    Genetic and molecular analyses of JNPT lines derived from indica x japoica crosses of rice for yield and quality
    (JNKVV, 2016) Choudhary, Pratibha; Mishra, D.K.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Genetic and Molecular Analyses of JNPT Lines Derived from Indicax Japonica Crosses of Rice for Yield and Quality” was carried out during the Kharif 2014 and Kharif 2015 at Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur (M.P.). The experimental material consists of 185 JNPT lines (including 5 checks) derived from Indica x Japonica subspecies crosses developed by J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur were grown at Seed Breeding Farm, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur. These lines were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The characters viz., decorticated grain shape (in lateral view) followed by endosperm content of amylose, lemma and palea colour, panicle attitude of branches, leaf pubescence of blade surface, flag leaf attitude of blade (late), gelatinization temperature through alkali spreading value, flag leaf attitude of blade (early), panicle distribution of awns, spikelet density of pubescence of lemma, panicle exsertion, panicle curvature of main axis, panicle secondary branching, culm attitude, panicle awns and leaf intensity of green colour had sufficient amount of variability. The differences among genotypes were highly significant for all the traits studied. This indicated that the genotypes had sufficient amount of variability. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation exhibited by spikelet density, fertile spikelets per panicle, number of total spikelets per panicle, panicle weight per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, number of tillers per plant, amylose percent, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest Index. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance obtained by spikelet density, fertile spikelets per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle, panicle weight per plant, number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, amylose content, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, panicle index, stem length, grain length, plant height, grain breadth, panicle length, decorticated grain l/b ratio and decorticated grain length. This means that, these traits are under the control of additive gene action hence, for these traits direct selection can be rewarding. Grain yield per plant exhibited significant and positive association with panicle weight per plant, biological yield per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, fertile spikelets per panicle, spikelet density, number of spikelets per panicle, flag leaf length, panicle index, days to 50% flowering, grain breadth, days to maturity, spikelet fertility, hulling percentage and amylose content. It indicates strong association of these traits with grain yield per plant and selection for such traits will be useful in improving grain yield. Positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was observed for panicle weight per plant followed by panicle index, biological yield per plant, harvest index, stem length, number of tillers per plant, spikelet density, panicle length, spikelet fertility, flag leaf width, number of spikelets per panicle, grain breadth, decorticated grain length, days to 50% flowering, 1000-grain weight, flag leaf length and stem thickness. It indicates true relationship between them and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for yield improvement. Positive association of these traits with grain yield per plant and high estimates of heritability and expected genetic gains revealed that these characters can be used as architecture for yield improvement. Considering the results from correlation and path coefficient analysis, it is concluded that for selecting the high yielding lines in rice the characters viz., panicle weight per plant, panicle index, biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of productive tiller per plant, spikelet density, panicle length, spikelet fertility and 1000-grain weight might be considered. From the first eight PCs, it is clear that the PC1 and PC2 mostly related to yield attributing traits while, PC5 and PC8 linked to quality traits. Since, most of the yield contributing traits is related to PC1 and PC2 a good breeding programme can be initiated by selecting the JNPT lines from this PC. Similarly, a quality breeding programme can be initiated by selecting the JNPT lines from PC5 and PC8. On the basis of PC score it could be concluded that JNPT 810, JNPT 754, JNPT 800, JNPT 752, JNPT 811, JNPT 751, JNPT 748, JNPT 820, JNPT 822 and JNPT 830 were the selected 10 promising lines for both yield and quality attributes, which can be evaluated under different agro ecological rice growing situations in Madhya Pradesh for its adaptability. Out of fifty markers amplified, thirty nine markers were polymorphic. The total number of alleles amplified was 103 with a mean value 2.06. The highest numbers of allele i.e. 5 were amplified by marker RM 17. Single alleles were amplified by using the markers viz., RM 1, RM 42, RM 231, RM 118, RM223, RM 233, RM 236, RM 261, RM 283, RM 338, RM 455, RM 468, RM 529 and RM 5474. The mean value of major allele frequency, gene diversity, heterozygosity value and polymorphic information content value were 0.7400, 0.3335, 0.8667 and 0.2813, respectively. The cluster analysis on basis of molecular analysis divided selected JNPT lines into two major clusters. Cluster II further sub divided into two major sub-groups. It depicted that there is considerable genetic variability in the JNPT lines and this was similar to the result of the principal component analysis done on the basis of morphological data. Considering, the genetic variability, correlation coefficient, path analysis, principal component analysis and genetic diversity at molecular level it could be concluded that best JNPT lines identified are JNPT 813, JNPT 811, JNPT 845, JNPT 770, JNPT 779, JNPT 777, JNPT 778, JNPT 749, JNPT 781 and JNPT(S) 10H. Thus, these JNPT lines might be utilized as inbred for production of hybrid rice, with higher yield and better quality. However, after evaluation under different agro ecological rice growing situations, these lines might be released as high yielding variety with better quality.