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Subject: Plant Breeding × Author: Choudhary, Pratibha × End date: 2021 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic and molecular analyses of JNPT lines derived from indica x japoica crosses of rice for yield and quality
    (JNKVV, 2016) Choudhary, Pratibha; Mishra, D.K.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation entitled “Genetic and Molecular Analyses of JNPT Lines Derived from Indicax Japonica Crosses of Rice for Yield and Quality” was carried out during the Kharif 2014 and Kharif 2015 at Seed Breeding Farm, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur (M.P.). The experimental material consists of 185 JNPT lines (including 5 checks) derived from Indica x Japonica subspecies crosses developed by J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur were grown at Seed Breeding Farm, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur. These lines were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The characters viz., decorticated grain shape (in lateral view) followed by endosperm content of amylose, lemma and palea colour, panicle attitude of branches, leaf pubescence of blade surface, flag leaf attitude of blade (late), gelatinization temperature through alkali spreading value, flag leaf attitude of blade (early), panicle distribution of awns, spikelet density of pubescence of lemma, panicle exsertion, panicle curvature of main axis, panicle secondary branching, culm attitude, panicle awns and leaf intensity of green colour had sufficient amount of variability. The differences among genotypes were highly significant for all the traits studied. This indicated that the genotypes had sufficient amount of variability. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation exhibited by spikelet density, fertile spikelets per panicle, number of total spikelets per panicle, panicle weight per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, number of tillers per plant, amylose percent, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and harvest Index. High heritability accompanied with high genetic advance obtained by spikelet density, fertile spikelets per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle, panicle weight per plant, number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, amylose content, grain yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index, 1000-grain weight, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, panicle index, stem length, grain length, plant height, grain breadth, panicle length, decorticated grain l/b ratio and decorticated grain length. This means that, these traits are under the control of additive gene action hence, for these traits direct selection can be rewarding. Grain yield per plant exhibited significant and positive association with panicle weight per plant, biological yield per plant, number of productive tillers per plant, harvest index, number of tillers per plant, fertile spikelets per panicle, spikelet density, number of spikelets per panicle, flag leaf length, panicle index, days to 50% flowering, grain breadth, days to maturity, spikelet fertility, hulling percentage and amylose content. It indicates strong association of these traits with grain yield per plant and selection for such traits will be useful in improving grain yield. Positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was observed for panicle weight per plant followed by panicle index, biological yield per plant, harvest index, stem length, number of tillers per plant, spikelet density, panicle length, spikelet fertility, flag leaf width, number of spikelets per panicle, grain breadth, decorticated grain length, days to 50% flowering, 1000-grain weight, flag leaf length and stem thickness. It indicates true relationship between them and direct selection for these traits will be rewarding for yield improvement. Positive association of these traits with grain yield per plant and high estimates of heritability and expected genetic gains revealed that these characters can be used as architecture for yield improvement. Considering the results from correlation and path coefficient analysis, it is concluded that for selecting the high yielding lines in rice the characters viz., panicle weight per plant, panicle index, biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of productive tiller per plant, spikelet density, panicle length, spikelet fertility and 1000-grain weight might be considered. From the first eight PCs, it is clear that the PC1 and PC2 mostly related to yield attributing traits while, PC5 and PC8 linked to quality traits. Since, most of the yield contributing traits is related to PC1 and PC2 a good breeding programme can be initiated by selecting the JNPT lines from this PC. Similarly, a quality breeding programme can be initiated by selecting the JNPT lines from PC5 and PC8. On the basis of PC score it could be concluded that JNPT 810, JNPT 754, JNPT 800, JNPT 752, JNPT 811, JNPT 751, JNPT 748, JNPT 820, JNPT 822 and JNPT 830 were the selected 10 promising lines for both yield and quality attributes, which can be evaluated under different agro ecological rice growing situations in Madhya Pradesh for its adaptability. Out of fifty markers amplified, thirty nine markers were polymorphic. The total number of alleles amplified was 103 with a mean value 2.06. The highest numbers of allele i.e. 5 were amplified by marker RM 17. Single alleles were amplified by using the markers viz., RM 1, RM 42, RM 231, RM 118, RM223, RM 233, RM 236, RM 261, RM 283, RM 338, RM 455, RM 468, RM 529 and RM 5474. The mean value of major allele frequency, gene diversity, heterozygosity value and polymorphic information content value were 0.7400, 0.3335, 0.8667 and 0.2813, respectively. The cluster analysis on basis of molecular analysis divided selected JNPT lines into two major clusters. Cluster II further sub divided into two major sub-groups. It depicted that there is considerable genetic variability in the JNPT lines and this was similar to the result of the principal component analysis done on the basis of morphological data. Considering, the genetic variability, correlation coefficient, path analysis, principal component analysis and genetic diversity at molecular level it could be concluded that best JNPT lines identified are JNPT 813, JNPT 811, JNPT 845, JNPT 770, JNPT 779, JNPT 777, JNPT 778, JNPT 749, JNPT 781 and JNPT(S) 10H. Thus, these JNPT lines might be utilized as inbred for production of hybrid rice, with higher yield and better quality. However, after evaluation under different agro ecological rice growing situations, these lines might be released as high yielding variety with better quality.