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Theses

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201420
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Subject: Agronomy × End date: 2014 × Start date: 2014 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    Bioefficacy of herbicides on weeds and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) merrill]
    (JNKVV, 2014) Meshram, Varsha; Jain, Namrata
    The present study entitled “Bioefficacy of herbicides on weeds and yield of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]” was conducted at ‘The farm’ College of Agriculture, Tikamgarh during Kharif, 2012 with the objective to study the efficacy of herbicides on weed density and weed biomass, yield attributes, yield and economics of soybean. The present experiment was carried out on cleyey soil which was Medium in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen and phosphorus and medium in potassium content and neutral in reaction. The experiment was laid out in “Randomized block design” with twelve treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of pre emergence herbicides viz. pendimethalin (1 kg a.i. ha-1), post emergence treatments imazethapyr @ 50 kg a.i. ha-1, quizalofop-ethyl@ 50 kg a.i. ha-1, chlorimuron-ethyl @ 9 kg a.i. ha-1, two hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and weedy check. The soybean variety “JS-335” was sown with seed rate of 80 kg ha-1 with fertilizer dose of 20:60:30 kg ha-1. Pre emergence herbicides were applied on next day of sowing. Different observations on weeds and crop parameters were recorded during the course of investigation at 25, 50, 75 DAS and at harvest stage. The major weed species observed in the experimental area were Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Convolvulus arvensis, Saccharam spontaneum, Phyllanthus niruri and Commelina benghalensis. The relative density of monocots was 62.71 % while dicots were to the extent of 30.60 % of the total weed population. All the herbicidal treatments, hand weeding and hand hoeing reduced the weed intensity as well as weed biomass compared to weedy check. Hand weeding twice was most effective and recorded minimum weed intensity and biomass among all the treatments. Application of quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 g a.i. ha-1 and its combination fb hand hoeing at 40 DAS, chlorimuron-ethyl and pendimethalin recorded lower weeds than all combination of pendimethalin whereas in pendimethalin fb one hand weeding at 20 DAS registered significantly lower weed intensity than chlorimuron-ethyl @ 9 g a.i. ha 1 + quizalofop-ethyl @ 50 g a.i. ha 1. Hand weeding superseded over all the treatments and attained minimum weed biomass of (7.18 g m-2) with weed control efficiency of 90.89 % followed by pendimethalin fb one hand weeding at 20 DAS (86.51 %). All the crop growth parameter like leaf area index, number of branches plant 1 crop growth rate, and net assimilation rate were significantly higher under two hand weeding followed by pendimethalin fb one hand weeding at 20 DAS and quizalofop-ethyl than pendimethalin and weedy check. Yield attributing characters viz; number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 , seed weight pod 1 , seed yield plant 1 and test weight attained significantly higher values under herbicidal treatments, hand weeding and hand hoeing than weedy check. Seed yield, straw yield and harvest index was significantly higher under all the weed control practices over weedy check. Two hand weeding at 20 & 40 DAS recorded the higher seed yield (1834.33 kg ha-1) among all the treatments followed by pendimethalin fb one hand weeding at 20 DAS (1791.0 kg ha-1). Among the herbicides, application of pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl (1745.51 kg ha-1) and chlorimuron-ethyl + quizalofop-ethyl (1740.68 kg ha-1) produced significantly higher yield over application of chlorimuron-ethyl. The highest gross monetary return was obtained two hand weedings whereas the B:C ratio and net monetary return was the highest with the application of chlorimuron-ethyl + quizalofop-ethyl followed by pendimethalin fb quizalofop-ethyl and pendimethalin fb imazethapyr.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
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    Evaluation of rice based double and multiple cropping system in kymore plateau of madhya pradesh
    (JNKVV, 2014) Bagri, Mukesh Kumar; Maurya, B.M.
    ABSTRACT The present investigation “Evaluation of the effectiveness of herbicides in direct-seeded rice under puddled conditions” was carried out during kharif season of 2013-14 at Agriculture College Farm, Department of Agronomy. JNKVV, Rewa. (M.P.) The soil of the experimental field was silty-clay having pH 6.50, EC 0.42 ds/m, O.C. 0.60%, available N 234 kg/ha, available P2O5 18 kg/ha and available K2O 314 kg/ha. The total rainfall received during July to November, 2013 was 1154 mm with 31 rainy days. The treatments comprised nine weed control methods which are laid out in randomized block design with four replications and with the following objectives: 1. To study the weed-flora under direct seeded rice grown in puddle conditions. 2. To assess the effectiveness of herbicides in controlling weeds and enhancing yield of direct-seeded rice under puddled conditions. 3. To work out the economics of the treatments. Observations were recorded on the basis of five competitive plants (characters for plant height, panicles weight, and weight of 1000 grains) and one square meter randomly selected (for studies on weeds, plant population, number of tillers and number of panicles) from each treatment separately and weed population were evaluated as per standard procedure and economics were also calculated. The analysis of variance components were worked out by Panse and Sukhatme (1967).The important findings of the present investigation are summarized as below. On the basis of present investigation, it is concluded that the application of Flucetosulfuron 10%WG 25g a.i./ha. and Flucetosulfuron 10%WG 20g a.i./ha. as pre emergence on direct seeded rice under puddled irrigated condition responded well in terms of chemical weed control of Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Echinochloa crusgalli and Digra arvensis, growth and yields. The maximum reduction in weeds and increased in grain yield was noted in plot of weed free and it had weed control efficiency of 100% followed by Flucetosulfuron 10%WG 25g a.i./ha. (64.34%) and Flucetosulfuron 10%WG 20g a.i./ha. (64.25%). Significantly higher grain yields 38.70 q/ha and straw yield 61.47 q/ha was obtained with the weed free(hand weeding thrice) in direct seeded rice under puddled condition. The net return of Rs. 41113/ha was obtained under treatment weed free(hand weeding thrice) followed by flucetosulfuron 10% WG 25g a.i. /ha as pre-emergence gave grain yields of 33.57 q/ha and straw yield 67.04 q/ha/. And the net return of Rs. 38921/ha. . The study reveals that weed control in upland direct-seeded rice by weed free treatment (hand weeding thrice) (T6) appeared to be more effective for getting higher production. However, looking to the labour problem flucetosulfuron 25 g a.i./ha (2 DAS pre-emergence)( T2),may be the best substitute of hand weeding thrice giving less income only up to Rs.2192/ha. and also equally good to hand weeding thrice(weed-free condition) not only for getting higher income but also from economic point of view. This fact has got a deep concern due to problem of non-availability of labours for timely weeding of the crop.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access