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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on production process optimization of beet root powder using spray dryer and its comparison with conventional process(JNKVV, 2013) Jain, Priti; Khandelwal, B.M.ThesisItem Open Access Enhancement of shelf life of soy paneer (Tofu) through application of ohmic heating technique(JNKVV, 2013) Nema, Anurag; Khandelwal, B.M.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on phase behavior of microemulsion of ethanol and biodiesel in diesel and its evaluation in diesel engine(JNKVV, 2014) Ram, Ramchandra; Shrivastava, Atul KumarABSTRACT Diesel substitution fuel is identified as a biodiesel. It is renewable and non-polluting alternative energy source. Biodiesel is mainly manufactured by transesterification of vegetable/non-vegetable oils with reaction of alcohol and base catalyst. Biodiesel is be used either individually as fuels or for blending in ethanol or diesel. Biodiesel and ethanol are an oxygenated fuel. The use of oxygenated bio-fuels like biodiesel and ethanol in combination with diesel is an effective measure as diesel substitutes. Biodiesel offers an alternative application as an amphiphile for diesel and ethanol blends. The present research is aimed to determine the phase stability of two mixed biodiesels with diesel and proof ethanols and their gas emissions and performance evaluations comparing them with that of regular diesel fuel. Proof ethanols were prepared as 200°, 195°, 190°, 185°, 180° and 175° from the anhydrous ethanol. 2% ethanol from each proof ethanol was taken to mix with the biodiesel concentrations as 15, 20 and 25% respectively and remaining diesel fuel to formulate the microemulsions. Among them, nine samples of microemulsions were found as stable like microemulsions of 200°, 195° and 190° proof ethanols at room temperature. These microemulsions were selected to determine their stabilities at different temperatures i.e. at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C respectively and performance and emission testing. The experimental results showed that the selected microemulsions of 200°, 195° and 190° proof ethanols were found to be unstable at 0 and 5°C and beyond these temperatures stable. The performance of 3.73 kW engine was evaluated in terms of fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, energy input, and emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and unused oxygen. All the engine and emission parameters were determined at no load, 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent load and rated speed. The microemulsion fuels of 190° proof ethanol were found to be the best performance than other microemulsions at the maximal operating conditions for engine parameters, but comparable diesel fuel. For emission parameters, microemulsions of 200° proof ethanol were found to be the best other microemulsion at the maximal operating conditions, but more than diesel fuel. Effect of B15 biodiesel concentration in microemulsion (B15E2D83) was found the good impact for the engine parameters at different operating conditions but except diesel. Effect of B15 biodiesel concentration in microemulsion (B15E2D83) for emission of CO2 was found lower than that of other biodiesel concentrations i. e. B20 and B25 (B20E2D78 and B25E2D73) at different operating conditions except diesel fuel. Effect of B15 biodiesel concentration in microemulsion of 200° proof ethanol for emission of CO was found lower than other biodiesel concentrations but B15 biodiesel concentration in microemulsion of 195° and 190° proof ethanols for emission of CO was found higher than other concentrations i. e. except diesel fuel. Biodiesel concentrations were increased then emissions of O2 for all microemulsions decreased. Concentrations of proof ethanols were decreased then emission of O2 for all microemulsions increased.