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Open Access
CHARACTERISATION OF COAL FLY ASH AND ITS INFLUENCE ON SOIL AND CROP QUALITY
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Vageesh, T S; Siddaramappa, S
ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE
Open Access
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM IRRIGATION WITH BIO-METHANATED SPENTWASH ON PROPERTIES OF A VERTISOL AND PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CROP
(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-12) S. M. KAMBLE; Dr. Manjunatha Hebbara
A field experiment was conducted at Ugar-Khurd, Athani taluk, Belagavi, Karnataka to study the effect of different periods of spentwash application (5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and > 20 years) on soil properties and performance of sugarcane crop in a Vertisol of Northern Dry Zone (Zone-III) of Karnataka. The results revealed that application of spentwash for 5 to 10 years was superior with respect to growth, yield and quality parameters of sugarcane like millable cane height, diameter of cane, number of internodes, internodal length, number of millable canes, single cane weight, dry matter content, yield brix per cent, pol per cent and purity per cent. The crop could not be established in the plot which received spentwash for >20 years. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was higher in the treatment that was irrigated with spentwash for 5 to 10 years which decreased with increased periods of spentwash application. The sodium uptake by sugarcane increased due to continuous application of spentwash and recorded the highest uptake under 15 to 20 years of spentwash application. Long-term application significantly reduced the soil bulk density, erosion index, dispersion index and increased maximum water holding capacity, aggregate stability and infiltration rate. The EC and ESP values increased with increased periods of spentwash application recording the highest values under >20 years of spentwash application. The salinity value increased beyond the threshold for sugarcane crop. The available nutrient status, CEC, base saturation, ESP and CaCO3 content in soil was higher in the plots irrigated with spentwash for >20 years. The higher soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population was found in the treatment that received spentwash for 10 to 15 years, which decreased at > 20 years of spentwash application.
Open Access
CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS OF SELECTED TREE PLANTATIONS
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2014-06) JEETENDRAPRAKASH; Dr. MANJUNATHA HEBBARA
A study was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka to characterize soils and soil organic matter fractions under teak (Tectona grandis), sisso (Dalbergia sissoo), catechu (Acacia catechu), bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia) tree plantations. Irrespective of tree species, soils under tree plantations registered lower pH and higher electrical conductivity values over control (cultivated land). The pH of surface soils (0-30 cm) remained lower than subsoil (30-60 cm). The lowering of pH was to a greater extent under bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) compared to all other plantations. Soil organic carbon and total N were more under tree plantations than control. The C:N ratio did not vary much among tree species and cultivated land. Tree species registered higher available status for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to cultivated land. Among different tree plantations, soils under the canopy of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) followed by Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) registered significantly higher organic carbon content and available status of N, P2O5 and K2O. Soils under Dendrocalamus strictus registered higher DTPA extractable iron and manganese contents whereas higher copper and zinc contents were recorded in soils under Eucalyptus tereticornis. Cultivated land recorded lower heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb) contents compared to tree plantations. Among different tree plantations Dendrocalamus strictus recorded higher CEC, humic acid and fulvic acid contents. The humic and fulvic acids extracted from Dendrocalamus strictus plantation recorded the highest total acidity and E4/E6 ratio. Irrespective of tree species, humic acid had higher iron content followed by zinc, copper and manganese. Higher copper and manganese contents were recorded in humic acid compared to fulvic acid. The chromium concentration was the highest in leaf litter of all plantations as compared to other heavy metals. The leaf litter of Dalbergia sissoo had higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents over other trees.
Open Access
STUDIES ON LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR ON YIELD, QUALITY AND UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS BY CHICKPEA IN A VERTISOL UNDER IRRIGATION
(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-12) ASHOK S. SINDAGI; Dr. N. S. HEBSUR
A field experiment entitled “Studies on levels of phosphorus and sulphur on yield, quality and uptake of nutrients by chickpea in a Vertisol under irrigation” was conducted at Water Management Research Centre (WMRC) Belavatagi of Dharwad district situated in the northern dry zone (Zone-3) of Karnataka during Rabi 2013-14. The experiment was laid out with RBD with chickpea CV. JG-11 and twelve treatment combinations viz., three levels of phosphorus and two levels of sulphur fertilizers with three replications. The results of field experiment revealed that, application of phosphorus @ 75 kg + sulphur @ 30 kg/ha resulted in the highest plant height (49.04 cm), number of branches (8.60), number of pods per plant (69.40) and nodules count (27.33), dry matter production (58.39 q/ha), grain yield (29.72 q/ha) and crude protein content (24.63 %). However, treatments T10 (P2O5 @ 50 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha) and T11 (P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 15 kg/ha) were on par with T12. The highest uptake of N, P, K and S (175.09, 27.77, 121.99, 22.95 kg/ha, respectively) registered with the treatment T12 (P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha). However, treatments T10 and T11 were on par with T12 and were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The higher available N, P and S values (112.75, 26.12 and 37.79 kg/ha, respectively) were recorded in the treatment receiving P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha (T12). However, treatments T10 and T11 (110.51, 112.00 N kg/ha) T9, T10 and T11 (22.95, 23.35, 25.69 P kg/ha) and T10 (36.14 S kg/ha, respectively) were on par with T12. Application of P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha (T12) recorded the highest gross income (Rs. 92027) and net income (Rs. 68910).
Open Access
STUDIES ON ZINC SULPHATE AND BORAX ON YIELD, QUALITY AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY KNOL-KHOL (Brassica oleracea Var. gonglodes l.) IN ALFISOLS UNDER NORTHERN TRANSITION ZONE OF KARNATAKA
(University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-08) SHRISHAIL ARABHAVI; Dr. C. M. POLESHI
A field experiment was conducted to study effect of zinc sulphate and borax on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by knol-khol (Var.Large Green) in Alfisols under Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka during kharif 2013 in Horticulture block of Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS) at UAS, Dharwad with 17 treatments. The treatments included three levels of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) viz., 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1 and three levels of boron (Na2B4O7.10H2O) viz., 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg ha-1 in combination with RDF. There was one control treatment of RDF and treatment with RDF + gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) equivalent to sulpher in ZnSO4.7H2O @ 15 kg ha-1. FYM @ 25t ha-1 was applied to all the treatments. The treatments were replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The effect of these two nutrients individually and in combinations was ascertained at three stages viz., vegetative, knob development and at harvest and also evaluated for the available nutrient status of the soil after harvest of the crop. The growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant and dry matter accumulation in knol-khol increased significantly due to soil application of zinc and boron. Application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2.5 kg ha-1 along with RDF (T11) was found superior in terms of growth parameters yield (22.57 t ha-1), net returns (82044 Rs ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.95) compared to that in the control yield (16.52 kg ha-1). The next best treatment was ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 5 kg ha-1 along with RDF (T12). Hence, it is advisable to the farming community that application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2.5 kg ha-1 was econo0mically viable for obtaining higher productivity and quality in knol-khol besides maintaining zinc and boron status in soil.
Open Access
Seed technological studies in forage oat cultivars (avena sativa l.)
(UASD) Puneeth Raj M. S.; B. S. Vyakaranahal
The field experiments were conducted at the Main Agricultural Research Station, Dharwad during Rabi 2012 and 2013 and storage studies conducted during 2014 in the laboratory of Department of Seed Science and Technology during 2013-2014 at College of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Results revealed that application of nitrogen @ 140 kg/ha was recorded significantly higher green fodder yield (122.22 q/ha) and among the cutting management two cut recorded higher green fodder yield (229.39 q/ha). Among the cutting management no cut treatment recorded higher seed yield (7.61 q/ha) and among nitrogen management (6.99 q/ha) was recorded in nitrogen 140 kg/ha recorded higher seed yield, due to interaction (7.81 q/ha) was recorded in treatment combination of no cut with 140 kg N/ha. For the same factors seed quality parameters was also maximum, among the cutting management no cut recorded higher seed germination (94.13%), vigour index (2426) and among nitrogen management 140 kg N/ha recorded higher seed germination (93.38%) and vigour (2304), due to interaction no cut with 140 kg N/ha recorded higher seed germination (94.75%) and vigour index (2797) in oat cv. JHO-851. Seed quality parameters found higher when the seeds are harvested at 45 days after anthesis higher seed germination (92.75%) and vigour (2821) in oat cv.OS- 6. Among organics, application of Vermicompost @ 5t/ha was found higher plant growth, seed yield and seed germination (95.44%), vigour index (2776) and with micronutrients Zinc sulphate @ 15 kg/ha was found higher plant growth, seed yield and quality parameters like seed germination (94.88%), vigour index (2620) in oat cv.OS-6. The seeds of oat stored in polythene bag (700 gauge) treated with vitavax+deltamythrin followed by vitavax, deltamythrin, arappu, neem, sweet flag powder storage upto fifteen month with loss of lesser seed quality parameters in oat cv. OS-6.
Open Access
Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on soil fertility and productivity of maize (zea mays l.)
(UASD) Bhimappa K. Channal; K. K. Math
A field investigation on the effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on productivity and nutrient uptake by maize and soil fertility was carried out during kharif 2011. The experiment was laid out on Typic Haplustert in RBD with twelve treatments replicated thrice. The recommended dose of nutrients was given though organics [FYM, vermicompost (VC) and poultry manure (PM)] and chemical fertilizers. There was improvement in growth and yield contributing characters due to application of RDF with PM and it was on par with RDF + VC and RDF + FYM but significantly superior to other treatments. Combined application of organic manures and chemical fertilizers to supply recommended nutrients in 1:1 ratio along with recommended FYM improved growth and yield contributing characters and hence grain yield in maize over the treatments with the 100 per cent organics. The uptake of nutrients by maize increased significantly with incorporation of organic manures with RDF and the highest uptake was recorded in the treatment with PM. Similarly, uptake of nutrients in the treatments with organics and fertilizers each at 50 per cent level with recommended FYM also recorded higher uptake of these nutrients than RDF and the treatments with 100 per cent organics. Water holding capacity, organic carbon, available N, P, K, S and DTPA-extractable Cu, Fe, and Mn and activity of dehydrogenase enzyme in soil improved due to substitution of fertilizer N with organics and the extent of improvement was higher at 100 per cent level . The highest net returns was realized in RDF + PM treatment. The present investigation revealed that application of PM at 1.0 t ha-1 along with the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers increases the productivity of maize and improves soil fertility. Further, 50 per cent recommended dose of chemical fertilizers to maize can be substituted with organic manures without loosing appreciable quantity of yield.
Open Access
Productivity and quality of soybean as influenced by levels of nitrogen and sulphur nutrition
(UASD) Santosh Bhosagi; S. I. Tolanur
The survey was conducted during May 2012 on available nitrogen and sulphur status of the soybean growing soils of Dharwad and Kalaghatagi taluks. A total of 100 samples were collected, the location of sampling point was recorded using GPS device. The processed samples were analyzed for available nitrogen and sulphur status. The study revealed that, of the total surveyed samples, majority of soils were low in available nitrogen sulphur in both the taluks and low (80 and 52% of samples) to medium (18 and 40% of samples) in available sulphur in Dharwad and Kalagatagi taluks respectively. Based on this information, a field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 with treatments involving three levels of nitrogen and four levels of sulphur levels using soybean as a test crop. The effect of N and S levels on response of soybean revealed that, the significantly higher growth and yield attributes were recorded in the treatment receiving 40 kg N and 20 kg S ha-1 with highest B:C ratio (3.97). The optimum N:S ratio (10:6) and quality parameters, namely oil content (19.73% ), oil yield ( 460.15 kg ha-1 )and protein content ( 39.82% ) was highest in the same treatment receiving N 40 kg ha-1 and S 20 kg ha-1. Treatment receiving 40 kg N ha-1 and 20 kg S ha-1 also recorded the highest total uptake of N (227.56 kg ha-1), P (23.33 kg ha-1), K (55.11 kg ha-1) and S (14.70 kg ha-1) The highest residual N (231.00 kg ha-1) and S (14.23 kg ha-1) was found in the treatment receiving 50 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1, however The highest available P (27.28 kg ha-1) was recorded in the treatment receiving 50 kg N ha-1 and 20 kg S ha-1 but effect was non significant. The highest available K (347.33 kg ha-1) was recorded in the treatment receiving 40 kg N ha-1 and 30 kg S ha-1. The treatment with 40 kg N ha-1 and 20 kg S ha-1 was found to be promising in increasing the soybean productivity and quality.
Open Access
Studies on land degradation in the three agro-climatic zones of Belgaum District, Karnataka
(UASD) Prabhavathi Koraprolu; G. S. Dasog
A study was carried out to determine the extent of different land degradation types in Belgaum district on 1: 50,000 scale using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Out of 13,44,084.60 ha of total geographical area of Belgaum district, 3,96,059.5 ha land is degraded accounting for 29.47 per cent. Among the various land degradation types, sheet erosion (23.13 %) was the dominant land degradation type followed by rill erosion (5.76 %) and barren rocky/ stony waste (0.44%). Three micro-watersheds were selected one each from Northern dry zone (Yadawad), Northern transitional zone (Hukkeri) and Hilly zone (Khanapur) for characterization, soil fertility mapping and soil loss risk assessment using USLE. The soils of Yadawad microwatershed were alkaline, low in organic carbon, available nitrogen, P2O5 and sulphur content and deficient in Zn and Fe. The soils of Hukkeri micro-watershed were neutral to slightly alkaline, low in organic carbon, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in two third of area. The entire watershed was found deficient in available sulphur, zinc and iron. The soils of Khanapur micro-watershed were slightly acidic to acidic in reaction. Available phosphorus, potassium and sulphur status was low in majority of the area. Nearly all of Yadawad micro-watershed depicted very low soil erosion risk class. Hukkeri microwatershed had very low soil erosion risk in 34.9 per cent of TGA and low soil erosion risk in 17.6 per cent of TGA. The Khanapur micro-watershed exhibited a wide range of soil erosion risk with 41.22 per cent of TGA under low soil erosion risk class with substantial extent (16.12 %) under high soil erosion risk class because of topographic variation

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