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2013 - 20154
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Subject: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology ×

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PHENOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR BASIS OF ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN COTTON
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) YADAV SAGAR ASHOK; Dr. H. M. VAMADEVAIAH
    A study was conducted during 2013-14 in Agriculture Research Station, Dharwad Farm, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to validate abiotic stress tolerance in 27 genotypes of cotton on phenological, biochemical and molecular basis. Under salinity stress, reduction in seedlings fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root length and root dry weight was significantly less in JK-4 (G11), PH 1009 (G12) and RDT-17 (G10). In genotypes JK-4 (G11) and PH 1009 (G12) significantly high percent increase in nitrate reductase and peroxidase activity was observed under salinity stress. Under moisture stress transcription factors (TF) showed alterations in the expression level. All TF genes were up-regulated in 5433 A2 A03 N83 (G16), PH 1009 (G12) and 211412 W247-85-D14-26 (G25) and while in CCH 1831 (G19) it showed down-regulation. The genotypes studied differed widely in their response to abiotic stress exhibiting that different genotypes may have different adaptation levels against abiotic stress. From phenological, biochemical and molecular studies it can be concluded that genotypes PH 1009 (G12), JK-4 (G11), 5433 A2 A03 N83 (G16) and RDT-17 (G10) are tolerant to abiotic stress and such tolerant genotypes can thus be used in introgression breeding by further confirmation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR AND PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF RICE NEAR ISOGENIC LINES (NILs) WITH Pi2 AND Pi5 GENES IN BPT5204 BACKGROUND FOR BLAST RESISTANCE
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-05) DNYANESHWAR B. DESHMUKH; Dr. PRASHANTHI S. K.
    Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Couch-Kohn) is one of the most serious, widespread and destructive diseases of rice. Thirty four M. oryzae isolates were analysed for morphological and molecular diversity. Transposable element Pot2 based fingerprint profile grouped 34 isolates into cluster-1 and 2 which shared low similarity value of 0.03. Molecular diversity was noticed in leaf and neck blast pathogen populations collected within location and varieties. Near isogenic lines (NILs) of BPT5204 developed by marker assisted backcross breeding (MABB) were characterized for blast resistance genes viz., Pi2, Pi5 and recurrent parent alleles by using molecular markers. Out of 74 RM markers screened for back ground analysis, 42 markers were polymorphic between IRBLz5-M (Pi5 donor) and BPT5204 and forty markers were polymorphic between ‘C101A51’ (Pi2 donor) and BPT5204. In NILs with Pi2 gene recurrent parent genome (RPG%) varied from 66.66 (DHA-5) to 90.27% (DHA-17). In NILs with Pi5 gene RPG% ranged from Pi5 gene RPG ranged from 71.95% (DHB-29 and DHB-32) to 91.46% (DHB-1 and DHB-19). NILs were field evaluated for blast resistance, yield and yield related traits at different locations. In screening for blast resistance under multi-locations, NILs showed resistant (1 - 3 grade) to moderately resistant (4-5 grade) reaction. Positive correlation was observed for yield per hectare with thousand grain weight, number of tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, grain yield per plant and number of grains per panicle traits in NILs. Grain quality tests viz., kernel length/ kernel breadth ratio, amylose content, gelatinization temperature, grain chalkiness and alkali spreading value were performed. Combined analysis of morpho-agronomic performance and grain quality parameters showed that NILs with Pi2 gene, DHA-1, 2, 10, 16, 17 and 20 and NILs with Pi5 gene, DHB-1, 9, 18, 21, 28 and 31 were found to be on par with BPT5204.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF INTROGRESSION LINES FOR PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS AND RESISTANCE TO LATE LEAF SPOT AND RUST AND AN INITIATIVE TOWARDS MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSSING IN TMV 2 IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-03) SONALI A. PARATWAGH; Dr. RAMESH S. BHAT
    Seventy eight introgression lines (ILs) from three populations (ICGS 76 × ISATGR 278-18, DH 86 × ISATGR 278-18 and DH 86 × ISATGR 5B) involving late leaf spot (LLS) and rust susceptible varieties (ICGS 76 and DH 86) and disease resistant synthetic allotetraploids (ISATGR 278-18 and ISATGR 5B) were screened for LLS and rust resistance and productivity traits during 2013 kharif. ILs differed significantly for most of the disease resistance and productivity traits. High variability, heritability and genetic advance over mean were recorded for LLS score, rust score and pod yield (kg/ha). Significant positive association was found between the occurrence of LLS and rust. Pod yield (kg/ha), pod yield per plant, number of pods per plant and test weight showed significant negative correlation with the severity of LLS and rust. Productivity traits were significantly and positively correlated with each other. Majority of the ILs showed medium pod constriction and medium pod reticulation along with slight pod beak. Two and five lines superior to ICGS 76 and DH 86, respectively selected. Of the seven, three ILs [4 (8-2), 12 (8-10) and 5 (5-7)] were also superior over GPBD 4. The selected superior lines carried resistance allele at majority of the LLS and rust resistance-linked marker loci. These ILs with high level of resistance to LLS and rust and high productivity can be considered for variety release trials or as donor in breeding programmes. An effort towards marker assisted backcross breeding (MABC) was initiated in TMV 2 for improving LLS and rust resistance by screening the markers for polymorphism. TMV2 and GPBD 4 (donor) showed polymorphism for both LLS and rust (GM2009, IPAHM103, GM1954, GM1536, GM2301 and GM2079) resistance-linked SSR markers, which can be used for foreground selection. Of the 294 background AhTE markers, 42 (14.28%) were polymorphic, which can be employed for background selection in MABC of TMV 2.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Induced systemic resistance and validation of post transcriptional gene silencing in tomato against tomato leaf curl virus
    (UAS Dharwad, 2013) Sarita V. Gund; Krishnaraj P. U.
    The efficacy of transgenic plants capable of PTGS was assessed in available T4 seeds of four transgenic events viz., A, C, D and E carrying ihp-TRP subjected for PCR based screening and gene segregation analysis. The bio-efficacy test of transgenic plants from three events viz., ‘A’,’C’ and ‘E’ in T4 and T5 generation indicated moderate resistance against ToLCV infection. The site of insertion of T-DNA carrying ihp-TRP genes was identified by recovering the genomic sequences flanking right border of T-DNA obtained from TAILPCR, identified the point of insertion on chromosome 1, chromosome 12 and chromosome 2 for ‘A’, ‘C’ and ‘E’ events respectively. Thirty Pseudomonas and five actinobacteria isolates were functionally characterized for ability of phosphate solubilization, nitrogen fixation, siderophore, indole-acetic acid and gibberellic acid production. Out of thirty five, twenty isolates were prospected for control of tomato leaf curl viral disease through seed priming, soil and foliar application to tomato plants. Inoculation of five isolates, viz., AUDP326(4), AUDP360(2), AUDP139, AUDT217 and AUDT152 resulted in significant reduction in disease up to 60-80% and also could significantly promote plant growth. Significant increase in the level of PAL, PO, chitinase and phenolics were observed in inoculated plants compared to disease control. The SSH studies at early (32-36 DAS) and late stage (40-46 DAS) in AUDT217 inoculated tomato plants compared to uninoculated plants identified sixteen well annotated genes such as protease inhibitor, threonine deaminase and other. However, SSH studies involving inoculation of AUDT217 in the presence of ToLCV realized in the identification of twelve well annotated transcripts of genes in the plant such as metallothionein-like protein, ferredoxin-thioredoxin-reductase, metallocarboxypeptidase inhibitor and other which were further validated through real time PCR studies.