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ThesisItem Open Access Performance, Constraints and Problems of Elected Women Representatives of Gram Panchyat in Dharwad Taluk with Special Reference to Family(University of Agricultural Sciences ;Dharwad, 2002) Kukanur, Hulagevva; K. SarojaThesisItem Open Access Influence of Maternal Knowledge Regarding Infant Development and Self Efficacy on Home Environment and Infant Development Outcomes in Rural and Urban Areas(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Suma G. Patil; Pushpa B. KhadiThe influence of maternal knowledge regarding infant development and self efficacy on home environment and infant developmental outcomes in rural and urban areas was studied on a sample of 80 mothers of infants. MacPhee’s (1983) Knowledge of Infant Development Index (KIDI), Caldwell and Bradly’s (1984) HOME Inventory, Sud’s (1998) Self-efficacy scale, Agarwal’s (2005) Socio-economic status scale were administered to the mothers. Nutritional anthropometry was employed to assess the infant developmental outcomes. Correlation-coefficient, chi-square and regression analysis were used. The results revealed that rural mothers had slightly higher scores than urban mothers on ‘right answers’ and ‘accuracy answers’ and they were significantly low on ‘wrong answers’. The demographic factors such as parent’s occupation, family size, income, SES did not influence the parental knowledge. Home environment score was significantly higher among urban mothers than rural mothers. There was significant association between home environment and infant’s age in urban group only but infant’s gender was significantly associated in both rural and urban group where in boys had better home environment than girls. On Selfefficacy rural and urban mothers did not differ significantly. Family income was associated with self-efficacy in case of rural mothers only. More number of urban infants (40%) fell under normal category of nutritional status while 80 percent of rural were in undernourished category. Maternal knowledge’s ‘accuracy’ score was significantly correlated with weight of urban infants indicating as ‘accuracy score’ increased, weight of urban children also increased. Self-efficacy did not influence infant developmental outcomes. Through in case of rural group the maternal knowledge ‘wrong score’ was negatively related with self-efficacy indicating that as the self-efficacy of rural mothers increased the’ wrong score’ decreased.ThesisItem Open Access Conflict Management and Marital Satisfaction Among Dual Earning Couples(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Sumalata Byadgi; V.S. YadavThe study was conducted to identify status and relationship of “Conflict management and marital satisfaction among dual-earning couples during the year 2010-11 in Dharwad city. One hundred and fifty working couples residing in Dharwad urban locality were selected purposively. Thomas-Kilmann MODE Instrument (1977) and marital satisfaction scale developed by Roach et.al (1981) were administered individually to assess conflict management and marital satisfaction of the couples. Garett ranking, chi-square and correlation analyses were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that husbands preferred the collaboration style followed by accommodation, avoidance, compromise and then competition whereas wives preferred accommodation style followed by collaboration, compromise, avoidance and then competition to resolve conflict. Husbands were significantly high in the usage of collaboration style compared to wives whereas wives were significantly high in the usage of accommodation style compared to husbands. Wives with younger Age, higher income, larger family size and more than 20 years of married life were significantly high in the adoption of accommodation style, and husbands with higher education and working in private organization were significantly high in their adoption of collaboration style and husbands living in small family were significantly high in the adoption of compromise style and those living in large family were high in the adoption of avoidance style. Correspondingly more number of wives (56%) were satisfied with their marital life compared to husbands (50%). Wives with advanced age, length of marriage and number of children were significantly less satisfied with their marital life whereas husbands with higher income and secured occupation were significantly more satisfied with their marital life. Husbands were more satisfied when they adopted collaboration style and their wives adopted accommodation style. Similarly, wives were more satisfied when they adopted collaboration style and their husband adopted accommodation style and were less satisfied when they adopted competition style in their conflict management process.ThesisItem Open Access Mentail Health of Rural and Urban Elderly : Relationship with Physiological Health and Social Support(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Ashwini Morab; V.S. YadavThis study was to assess status of health, social support and mental health and their relationship among elderly. The sample consisted of 160 elderly comprised of 80 from urban (40 male and 40 female) and 80 from rural (40 male and 40 female )background by snowball technique. Personal information schedule, Physiological problem checklist (Ashwini, 2011), Mental health inventory (Jagadish and Srivastava,1983) and Social support questionnaire (Heitzmann and Kaplan, 1988 ) were administered individually. The data were subjected to percentage, correlation, chi square and ANOVA analyses. The results revealed that there was negative and significant relationship between age, education, income and mental health, but size of family was significantly & positively related to mental health of elderly. There was significant negative relationship between physiological health and mental health and significant positive relationship between social support and mental health of elderly. About 56 percent of elderly had very poor mental health, 49 percent of elderly had 11-30 number of health problems and 76 percent of elderly received support from 3-6 numbers of members. Rural female elderly were better in mental health compared to male elderly. Female elderly were experiencing social support from more number of members compared to male elderly. In rural area male elderly were better in physiological health compared female elderly. In urban area female elderly were better in mental health compared to male elderly and male elderly were better in physiological health compared to female elderly.ThesisItem Open Access Maternal Involvement and Attitude Towards Pre-School Education(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Shilipa C. Mugali; Lata PujarA study on “Maternal involvement and attitude towards preschool education” was conducted in Dharwad taluka during 2010-11. Two hundred mothers of preschool children with age range of three to six years, residing in rural (n=100) and urban area (n=100) of Dharwad taluka were selected for the study. Kale (1974) scale on Parent-Child Interaction was used to assess the extent of interaction between mother and children and Venkatesan (2002) scale on Parental Attitude towards Preschool Education was used to assess the maternal attitude towards preschool education. Aggarwal et al. (2005) scale was used to assess the socio economic status of a family. Correlation coefficient and‘t’ test were used for analysing the data. The results of the present investigation revealed that majority of the mothers from rural (75.0%) and urban (56.0%) area had medium level of involvement and 44 percent of mothers from urban and 25 percent mothers from rural area had high level of involvement with their children. The demographic factors such as education, occupation, family income and socio economic status were positively and significantly influenced the maternal involvement with their children. Mothers from both urban and rural (75.0% and 85.0%) area had average attitude towards preschool education and none of mothers from both the locality had unfavourable and highly unfavourable attitude towards preschool education. The demographic factors like age, education and occupation of the mothers, family size, family income and socio economic status were not significantly influenced mothers’ attitude towards preschool education. Maternal involvement with their children and attitude towards preschool education did not vary according to age, gender and ordinal position of the child. Maternal involvement and their attitude towards preschool education was positively and significantly related. Hence as the mother’s involvement with their children increased, their attitude towards preschool education also increased.ThesisItem Open Access Mental Health and Self-Efficacy of Working and Non-Working Women From Rural and Urban Area(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Renuka Mankani; Ganga V. YenagiThe study was conducted to analyse the mental health and self-efficacy of working and non-working women from rural and urban area. The sample consisted of 90 working and 90 non-working women from rural and urban area in Dharwad district during 2010-11. Farm women were considered as rural working women and nonworking group as housewives. Teachers constituted working group whereas housewives a non-working group in urban area. Mental health was measured using the mental health inventory by Jagadish and Srivastava (1983) and self-efficacy was measured using self-efficacy scale by Sud et al (1998). Socio economic status was measured using socio economic status scale by Aggarawal et al (2005) in addition to personal information. The results revealed that the working and non-working women had average mental health in both rural and urban area. There was no significant difference between working and non-working women on mental health. But there was a significant difference between mental health of rural and urban women. Urban women had better mental health than that of rural women. Age, education, income and number of children had positively and significantly related to mental health of working women while family size was negatively but significantly related to mental health of working women. Most of the working and non-working women from rural and urban area exhibited high level of self-efficacy. Social participation was positively and significantly related to self-efficacy of working women. The study also indicated that as number of children increased mental health of rural women also improved. Family size was positively and significantly related to self-efficacy of urban women. Mental health had positive and significant relationship with working and non-working women from rural and urban area.ThesisItem Open Access Subjective Well Being and Distress of Institutioalized and Non-Institutionalized Senior Citizens(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Shakuntala S. Patil; Sunanda ItagiA study on the Subjective well-being and distress of 65 institutionalized and 75 non-institutionalized senior citizens was conducted in Hubli-Dharwar city during 2010-2011. Institutionalized senior citizens with age group of 60 years and above were randomly selected from three geriatric homes of Hubli-Dharwar. The noninstitutionalized senior citizens from the families of same age group were randomly selected. The subjective well-being status was assessed using ICMR Subjective wellbeing Inventory developed by Sell and Nagpal (1992). Distress status was assessed by Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire developed by Wig et al (1999). While, the socio-economic status of the non-institutionalized senior citizens by scale given by Aggrawal et al, (2005).The results revealed that majority of the institutionalized and non-institutionalized senior citizens indicated high level of well-being (96.9- 100%), and ill-being (81.5-93.3%).In case of distress, 33.3-36.9%, 30.8-36.9% and 35.4-36.0% of institutionalized and non-institutionalized senior citizens expressed high level of physical, emotional and total distress respectively. Institutionalized senior citizens had more Family Group Support and Transcendence in well being dimensions. Whereas, non-institutionalized senior citizens showed more of perceived ill-health and deficiency in social contact in ill-being dimensions. The selected demographic factors such as, age showed negative and highly significant relationship with well-being whereas, positive and highly significant relationship with ill-being status. Education had positive and highly significant relationship with well-being and ill-being status among both groups. Negative and significant relationship was observed between well-being and each type of distress. Positive and highly significant relationship between ill-being and each type of distress whereas negative and highly significant relationship between subjective well-being and each type of distress was observed in both groups. Hence, increase in the well-being and overall subjective well-being status reduced the each type of distress whereas, increase in ill-being status increased the each type of distress significantly among institutionalized and noninstitutionalized senior citizens.ThesisItem Open Access Self Concept and Social Maturity of Urban and Rural Primary School Children(UAS, Dharwad, 2011) Parwatermma S. Hundekar; Pushpa B. KhadiSelf concept and social maturity of urban and rural primary school children carried out in Dharwad taluk of Karnataka during 2010-11 revealed that majority of the children (93.3%) of urban and rural (94.7%) children had high level of self concept. On social maturity, 66 per cent of urban and 70 per cent of rural children were slightly socially matured. Self concept improved with age. Self concept was significantly associated with their perceived health and aspiration, parenting style, father’s education, occupation and family size had positive influence on self concept. The self concept was significantly related with academic achievement. Children characteristics such as gender, ordinal position, sibling status did not influence self concept. Self concept doesn’t improved with school transition and with friendship ties, caste, family type, family living standard, family income had no influence on self concept. Social maturity was improved with age, gender, sibling status, father’s occupation, family type, family size and family living standard. The social maturity was positively related with self concept. Factors such as ordinal position, school transition, perceived friendship ties, aspiration, father’s education, mother’s occupation, parenting style, family income and socio-economic status has no influence on social maturity. Academic achievement had negative influence on social maturity. Children studying in Government and private (aided and unaided) schools in urban and rural areas from English and Kannada medium in 5th to 7th standard were drawn equally on the basis of peer acceptance, peer rejection, age and gender with a total sample 300 children. Ahluwalia self concept scale (2003), Rao’s (1971) scale for social maturity, Aggarwal’s (2005) socio-economic status tools were used. Sociometry was employed for selecting peer accepted and peer rejected children. General information schedule was used to elicit information regarding child’s, parents and familial characteristics.ThesisItem Open Access Physical growth puberty and associated problems among school girls(UAS, Dharwad, 2010) Krushnapriya.sahoo; Saraswati.HunshalA study on “Physical Growth, Puberty and Associated Problems among School Girls” was under taken in year 2009-2010. Multistage method was used in selecting sample; constituted 384 school girls in the age of 9-15 years, from two urban and two rural schools of Dharwad and Khurda Districts of Karnataka and Orissa. The data on physical growth, puberty, factors affecting physical growth & menstruation and information about menses was collected with the help of schedule. Height and weight of girls of both districts was less than NCHS (50th percentile) and ICMR standards. The quantum of increase in height and weight was more between 11 to 12 years (4.86 cm) and 12to 13 years (4.95 kg) respectively, compared to other ages indicating the growth spurt of girls. More number (68.0%) of girls from both regions was malnourished. Among different categories of malnutrition, more number (29.43%) of girls were in short duration malnutrition category closely followed by long duration (26.82%) malnutrition. Age, nutritional status, food habit, participation of sports activities and parental factors such as education, occupation and income had significantly related with physical growth. Regarding pubertal changes, the mean age of breast, pubic hair, auxiliary hair and menarche was found 10.51, 11.83, 12.62 and 12.45 years respectively. Girls with normal nutritional status, non-vegetarian food habit, medium income, other backward caste and small size family attained menarche significantly at earlier age. High level of participation in sports activities significantly delayed the attainment of menarche. More number of girls reported problems such as abdominal pain, back ache, feeling tired, irritation, depression and drowsiness during menstruation. Majority of girls reported that they were scared followed by discomfort and indifferent feelings towards their first menstruation.