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ThesisItem Open Access Ergonomic Designing of Classroom Interior for High-School Children(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-07) Meenakshi, J.; Sumangala, P.R.Children are the wealth of every country. A school is a place of work for children. The present study is aimed on ergonomic designing of classroom interior for high-school children. The research design used for the present investigation was exploratory and experiment. The survey and experiment was conducted in Dharwad city of Dharwad taluk, Karnataka. A total of 200 high school children (100 boys and 100 girls) from 9th standard of six high schools (three government and three private schools) were selected for recording anthropometric measurements. A sub sample of 150 students (81 boys and 69 girls) was selected for the survey and a representative sub-sample of thirty high school children were selected for experimental study. The data revealed that the classroom interior components such as classroom size, window floor area, chalkboard size, available per student area, furniture measurements, illumination level and noise level were found to be varied from BIS recommendation. A higher percentage of the selected students suggested for height adjustment in developed prototype classroom furniture. The data on experimental study conducted with ergonomically developed classroom furniture showed that the selected students’ posture adoption was found to be acceptable and they experienced significantly less body pain in developed prototype classroom furniture than in existing furniture. So the developed prototype classroom furniture was recommended and based on the furniture design, the recommendations on classroom interior features such as classroom size, window size, number of windows, room density were proposed. Also other features such as chalkboard size, storage space, illumination and noise level were recommended based on BIS standard. It could be concluded that by adopting the recommended classroom design for high school children provide comfortable and also results in improving their learning ability.ThesisItem Open Access ADEQUACY OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IN LIVING ROOM AND STUDY AREA OF URBAN RESIDENTIAL HOMES IN DHARWAD CITY, KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 1999) Nandi, Shilpa; Sawkar, Susheela"The ""ADEQUACY OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING IN LIVING ROOM AND STUDY AREA OF URBAs' RESIDENTIAL HOMES IN DHARWAD CITY, KARNATAKA"" was undertaken during 1998-99. The objectives were to determine the existing intensity of artificial hghting and compare with the recommended standards and to know the awareness with regard to adequacy of artificial lighting. Data were collected from the different socio-economic groups as classified by HUDCO (1998) as low income (Rs.2100-4500 per monthi. middle income CRs.4.500-7500 per month) and high income (more than Rs.75CO per month). Thirty households from each income group were selected by stratified random sampling method. The questionnaire-cum-iiiter%-ew method was used to collect data from the head of the households and the respondents. The intensity of artificial hght in living room and study area were measured by using Digital Luxmeter (TES 1332) between 7 to 9 p.n:. The living room was divided into 20 equal parts and study area into 4 equal parts. Luxmeter was kept horizontally at the centre of each part and mean intensity of artificial light was calculated. The salient fndings were that majority of the households used fluorescent tubes in Uving room compare to incandescent bulbs. Irrespective of the income groups. aJl the households used general lighting arrangements in hving room and study area. Mean intensity of artificial lighting in living room and study area was 69.28 and 72.04 lux. which was highly inadequate, compared to the recommended standards of 300 lux for living room and 150 lux for study area. The intensity of artificial hght in living room and study area was shghtly higher in high income group i.e. 72.56 and 74.13 lux compared to middle iacome. 68.22 and 68.88 lux and low income group, 68.47 and 68.04 lux respectively. Hence the adequacy, type and proper arrangement of artificial lighting in home needs to be improved for the health, comfort and well being of family members which presently famihes are unaware. The usage of fluorescent tubes and adequate task lighting were suggested which lasts longer and also conser\-e valuable energ}-."ThesisItem Open Access PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN IN COMPARISON WITH MEN IN AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 1999) Badiger, Anita G; Rao, Suhasini"The present study was undertaken in Dharwad, Kalagatagi and Kundgol taluks of Dharu-ad district. The sample size of 150 farm couples were selected randomly. The objectives were to findout the extent of participation, time spent and training needs required by women and men in agriculture and allied activities and to identify wage disparity and problems faced by women and men in agriculture activities. Interview schedule was used to collect data and statistical tools were applied to analyse the data. The findings revealed that participation of women was cent per cent in removing of stalks and stubbles, weeding, picking, sieving, processing of milk, making cowdung cakes, preparation of feed and feeding activities. Cent per cent participation of men was found in ploughing, clod crushing, harrowing, transportation, marketing, grazing animals, selling milk and collection and selling of eggs. The metm time spent by women was high in after care operation, processing of milk, preparation of feed and feeding activities. Whereas, men spent more time in preparatory' tillage, selling of milk and collection mid selling of eggs. Wages of women in agriculture activities rfinged from Rs. 15.06 to Rs. 37.88 Rs/day. Whereas, men wages ranged from 20.72 Rs to 40.10 Rs/day. Majority of women needed training in selection of seed material and seed treatment and care of sick animals and chicks. Majority of men needed training in identification of pests, diagnosing the diseases of animals and chicks imd control measures for diseases. Majority of women faced the problem of low wages and lack of training and majority of men faced the lack of credit facilities as their major problem."ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF SCHOOL FURNITURE IN RELATION TO ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF PRIMARY SCHOOLCHILDREN(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 1999) Poornima, J T; Suhasini, Rao"The present study was carried out in two governament and two non government schools of Dharwad city during 1998-99. A sample size of 192 students were selected on the basis of stratified random sampling from first to fourth standards consisted of 24 boys and 24 girls from each standard. Anthropometric rod, weighing scale and indigenously constructed chair were used for measuring body dimensions. An interview schedule was used for data collection. The results revealed that on an average government school class rooms had high density (2.03 students/m2) whereas the non-government school class rooms (1.46 students/m2) had within the limits of standard density prescribed (1.5 students/m2). There was not much difference observed between mean anthropometric measurements of boys and girls of 6 to 10 years age. The government schools had no school furniture. In non-government schools, the desk measurements were negatively related with the body dimensions. Regarding the perception level of comfort with the existing furniture, none of the students felt very comfortable with regard to their seated position while writing, listening, while doing group work, regarding surface of the desk top, back rest, and bench height. Higher percentage of government school students having no furniture experienced more pain and discomfort compared to non-government school students. It was found that bench height, bench length per student, desk height and seat desk clearance were higher than the popliteal height, Hip breadth, Elbow to floor and thigh clearance height. Where as, bench width and desk length per student were less than the Buttock popliteal length and Elbowwidth which are not desirable respectively. Implications of the results were discussed and suggestions were made to reduce the pain and discomfort felt by using school furniture."ThesisItem Open Access AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF WATER AT DOMESTIC LEVEL(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Huilgol, Shobha N; Sumangala, P R"An investigation on analytical study of water at domestic level was carried out in the year 1999-2000 in Dharwad city. Four residential areas viz., Hosayellapur, Gulganjikoppa, Murgamath and University of Agricultural Sciences Campus, Dharwad were considered. Survey and laboratory experiment were carried out to know the consumption pattern of water, chemical composition, bacterial counts of water and effect of plant materials viz., drumstick seeds, dry amla and clove on hardness reduction of borewell and open well water. Self structured questionnaire, EDTA titrimetric method and standard pour plate method was adopted to collect the data. The survey indicated that majority (82%) of the selected families used corporation (Malaprabha) water for all the household activities and maximum (110.85 It) amount of water was used for bathing. An average water consumption per day per family was 324.91 litres. Most of the families (38%) paid minimum of Rs. 45.00 towards water bill. More than 50 per cent of the families were not facing any problems related to water supply. Bore well and open well water from selected residential areas were collected and analysed for total hardness. It was found that, hardness of bore well water was more in Hosayellapur (1432.8 mg/lt) when compared to other locations. Similarly, hardness of open well water was more in Murgamath area and it was exceeded permissible limit given by WHO i.e. 200-600 mg/lt. Among the selected plant materials viz., drumstic seed, dry amla and clove, 0.8 g of dry amla was found to be good in reducing (16.46%) the hardness of bore well water after one hour of contact time. Similarly for open well water, 0.8 g of clove after 12 hr of contact time was found to be effective in reduction of total hardness. Water treated with dry amla was accepted for its colour, aroma and appearance. Performance of clove was good in reducing the bacterial counts of selected water samples."ThesisItem Open Access EFFECTIVE METHODS OF CONTROLLING THE COCKROACH AT DOMESTIC LEVEL(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) KARAMADI, RENUKA H; (SUHASINI RAO)ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON SHELF LIFE OF HERBAL EXTRACTS IN MANAGEMENT OF HOUSE DUST MITES(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) PATIL, SHOBHA M; SUHASINI RAOABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access METHODS OF STORAGE OF VEGETABLES IN THE REFRIGERATOR AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, DHARWAD, 2005) Koraddi, Vijaya V; Sumangala, P R"An investigation on methods of storage of vegetables in the refrigerator at household level was carried out in the year 2003-04 in the five residential areas of Dharwad city viz., University residential campus, Kumareshwar Nagar, Sadhankere, Koppad kere and Kalyan Nagar. Survey and laboratory experiment were carried out to find out the prevailing practices of storage of vegetables at household level, to test the efficiency of different packaging materials and to examine the performance of various packaging materials in different shelves on shelf life and quality of vegetables under both household and laboratory refrigerated condition. The survey indicated that cent per cent of the respondents used refrigerator for storage of vegetables. Maximum percentage of households used carry bags to store leafy vegetables (61%), roots and tubers (69%), fruits (64%) and other vegetables (80%). Cent per cent of the respondents stored vegetables in the vegetable basket. Vegetables becoming tasteless was the major problem related to storage of vegetables in the refrigerator as reported by 35 per cent of respondents. The experimental findings revealed that the cumulative physiological loss of weight (CPLW) was less and shelf life was longer under laboratory refrigeration when compared to households refrigeration for most of the vegetables. The 't' value revealed a significant difference between the two conditions. The percentage CPLW and shelf life of selected vegetables under household refrigeration differed significantly in the selected packing materials and the CPLW of all the vegetables was maximum in brown paper bag while it was minimum in polyethylene bag (HDPE). The sensory evaluation index (SEI) score for sensory profile was highest in polyethylene bag under household refrigeration (55.77) and under laboratory refrigeration, it was highest in brown paper bag (69.48). The mean shelf life period (MSLP) for acceptable sensory profile of the vegetables was found to be highest in plastic container under both household and laboratory refrigeration (14.07 and 17.42 days respectively). Based on the ranking scores for physiological and qualitative parameters plastic container was found to be suitable for many vegetables while the uppermost compartment is most ideal to store the vegetables."ThesisItem Open Access EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN SELF HELP GROUPS THROUGH POST HARVEST ACTIVITIES(UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GKVK, BANGALORE, 2004) Halligudi, Annapurna N; Sawkar, Susheela P"The study was undertaken with the objectives to know the empowerment of women, their socio-economic status, knowledge, adoption and management of entrepreneurial activities along with the felt needs for their future. SHGs that involved in post harvest activities were selected by multistage stratified random sampling method in four taluks of Dharwad, Gadag, Haveri and Uttar Kannada districts of Karnataka, comprising 159 female members selected from 30 SHGs. The data was collected by personal interview technique with structured schedule. The post harvest activities undertaken by the SHG members were roti making, vermicelli, papad and sandagi making, rava and flour milling, cleaning, grading and packaging activity, preparation of chutney and masala powders, sweets, snacks, milk products, pickles and vegetable selling. 57.73% of the income was contributed through the entrepreneurial activities. Most of the SHGs had undertaken preparation of snacks as a group activity and chutney and masala powder as an individual activity. Majority of the respondents had higher level of awareness in traditional method, hence adopted for the preparation of roties and snacks, vermicelli, papad and sandagi. The reasons for adoption of traditional methods was mainly due to the known processing methods, affordability, acceptability of the product quality and also lower investment. The purchasing of raw materials from the wholesalers was found to be higher. On an average of 1251 number of roties and 117.5 kgs of snacks were produced per week. Almost all the products were sold to the wholesalers and also through other marketing channels. The women SHGs earned highest income of Rs.l909 from the preparation of vermicelli, papad and sandigae. The initial investment on the entrepreneurial activities was Rs. 1691.62 by each respondent. The expenditure on raw material was 60 % and for labour payments was 23%. Majority of the respondents (48%) monthly income ranged from Rs. 1000-5000. Further, the SHG women earned profit of Rs. 100-500 (42.80%) and also Rs.500-1000 (34.00%). The cost benefit ratio was 1.03. Thus, impact of SHGs on the status of the women was relatively more pronounced in the economic sphere. Similarly the development of self confidence, courage, enhancement of knowledge also moulded their overall personality development. The major constraints faced by the SHG women were lack of training and child care facilities, non-availability of raw materials at cheaper rate, lack of marketing facility and the income gained was less. The felt needs put forth by the SHG members were that of good price for their products, provision of raw materials at cheaper rate, better marketing facilities and skill oriented training which may enhance the process of empowerment and the progress of the society as a whole."