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ThesisItem Open Access Community Participation in Solid Waste Management at Dharwad City(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2017-06) Masur, Yogita V.; Salunke, Renuka S.ThesisItem Open Access Rain Water Harvesting in Residential Buildings of Dharwad and Hubballi Cities(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2017-07) Jeevitha K.M.; Jadhav, Veena S.ThesisItem Open Access Farmers’ Suicide and Coping Strategies of the Farm Families(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Patil, Bhavini B.; Hasalkar, SumaA study on farmers’ suicide and coping strategies of the farm families of Dharwad district is conducted during the year 2016-17 with the objective to analyze the socio-economic status, stress and coping strategies of the deceased farm families and to study the impact of the need based capacity building programmes. The sample of the study comprised of 50 deceased farm families. The data was collected from the respondents by using pre-tested structured interview schedule, perceived stress scale and stress index questionnaire. Appropriate statistical techniques like correlation and paired‘t’ test were used to depict the results. The results revealed that majority of the respondents belonged to middle age group, living in joint families, possessed small land holdings with an annual income upto Rs. 25,000/- and fell under lower middle socio-economic status. Majority of the victim farmers were more than 50 years and free from health problems. They have committed suicide due to the failure of crops, low yield and indebtedness. After the suicide of the farmer majority of the families were engaged in dry land farming, as irrigation sources are unavailable. Majority of the family members faced problem of participation in social functions, helplessness, hopelessness, loneliness and due to sudden death of the family head they were under high stress. To overcome the stress majority of them talked with others and engaged in one or other work. Majority of the families have got support from the government. Majority of the respondents showed interest to undergo training on income generating activities. There was significantly higher gain in knowledge from the training on income generating activities. All the respondents suggested to provide irrigation facility and fix remunerative prices for their farm produce from the government.ThesisItem Open Access Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction Among Panchayath Development Officers in Dharwad District(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-07) Anita; Chitagubbi, GeetaAn exploratory study on occupational stress and job satisfaction was undertaken in the College of Rural Home Science, University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad during 2016-17 covering Dharwad district with a sample size of 90 panchayat development officers to analyse the level of occupational stress and job satisfaction among them. Pre-tested, self structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. An Occupational Stress Index and Job Satisfaction Scale were used to identify the stressors, stress level and job satisfaction level. The data was subjected to percentage and correlation analysis. The results revealed that the events which caused high stress in cent per cent of the panchayat development officers were, occurrence of sudden meetings followed by criticism by higher authority (87.77%). The cent per cent of the respondents said that, high stress due to poor infrastructure facilities like lack of electricity, office cabinets followed by chairs (52.22 %), water facility (46.66 %), separate rooms (44.44 %) and tables (35.55 %). About 78.88 per cent of stress was caused due to sleep disruption and 70 per cent stress was due to the participation in decision making followed by health problems such as head ache, back pain (64.44%) and due to the frequent transfer (47.77%). The least cause for stress was unpredictable happening (15.55 %). Majority of the panchayat development officers had high stress because of work demand stress (81.75%) and almost all panchayat development officers had very low job satisfaction (91.11%). Occupational stress and job satisfaction of panchayat development officers were significantly and positively related. Remedies for reducing occupational stress as per respondents were improving managerial skills, offering awards to the recognition of best work and giving the meditation for the peace of lifeThesisItem Open Access Physical Fitness of Rural and Urban Women(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Maha Lakshmi, Channamsetty; Hasalkar, SumaA study on physical fitness of rural and urban women is conducted during the year 2016-17 with the objective to assess the socio-economic status, to analyze the physical and physiological parameters and to assess the physical fitness of the selected rural and urban women by using step test ergometer. The sample of the study comprised of 120 women from 60 each from rural and urban areas. The data was collected from the respondents by personal interview method using structured pre-tested interview schedule. Physical measuring tools like anthropometric road, weighing balance, skin fold calipers, digital B.P apertures, grip dynamo meter, were used to record the data. Appropriate statistical techniques ware used to depict the results. The socio economic status shows that among rural and urban respondents more than 60 per cent each belonged to lower middle class. In both the categories the mean age of the respondents was found to be more than 33.55 years with mean height of more than 159, the mean weigh of 56.95 kgs. The mean blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature and grip strength was found to be normal. More than 23.33 per cent each belonged to low weight normal and normal range body mass index category respectively. The mean fat weight among both the categories was found to be 11 kg, with the lean body mass 45 kg. The mean fat percentage was more than 19 per cent and the body density was found to be 1.05. More than 60 per cent each fell in the mesomorph body type and aerobic capacity of high average and good category. The step test ergometer exercise showed that equal percentage of the rural respondents belonged to high average and low average physical fitness level and among urban respondents majority of the belonged to low average physical fitness level.ThesisItem Open Access An Ergonomic Approach to Health Status and Problems Among Women in Building Construction Industry(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Kallur, Spoorti; Hasalkar, SumaIn India, construction industry is the largest employer of unorganized sector next to agriculture sector. Women are almost unskilled labourers and they face serious problems related to work, viz., wage discrimination, gender and sexual harassment, unhealthy job relationship, lower wages and health problems. This study was conducted in Dharwad city with the objective to analyze the health problems of women in building construction industry. A sample of 120 women respondents were selected for study and a sub sample of 30 women respondents were taken to assess the postural problems. The tools and techniques used for the study were omron automatic blood pressure monitor and grip dynamometer was used to record the blood pressure and grip strength of both hands of respondents. Body map and Rate of Perceived Exertion scale was used to identify the pain and severity of pain in the body. Rapid Entire Body Assessment scale was used to assess the postural discomfort and risk score while performing load carrying activity. Majority of the respondents belonged to middle age group of 34-42 years who were having normal blood pressure. Load carrying was the main activity and cent per cent of women carried all types of load; as high as 50 per cent of the women transferred 632.36 kgs of load per day. Maximum per cent women had reported health problems due to load carrying activity. Upper back pain had highest mean score of 4.73 and pain in lower back had highest mean score of 4.68 depicted very severe pain. Cent per cent of the women experienced very high risk with REBA score of more than 11+ while performing load carrying activity and implement change in their posture. There was highly significant reduction in grip strength of both hands at the end of the day.ThesisItem Open Access Utilization and Impact of Improved Biomass Stoves in Rural Areas of Dharwad and Vijayapur Districts(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Kasar, Shobha; Salunke, Renuka S.A study on utilization and impact of improved biomass stoves in rural areas of Dharwad and Vijayapur districts was conducted during the year 2016-17 with the objectives to study the utilization pattern of adopted improved biomass stoves, to record the opinion on the performance of improved biomass stove and impact of improved biomass stove on quality life of the family members. The sample size comprised of 120 stoves adopted families from Timmapur village from Dharwad and Bhaganagar village from Vijayapur district. Personal interview method was used to collect the data. Appropriate statistical techniques like paired t test, correlation, Garrett ranking technique were used to depict the results. The findings of the study revealed that more than 50 per cent of the women had used combination of fuel wood (agricultural residues, wood, cow dung cakes) in morning and night to cook the food. In both the villages more than 45 per cent of women used more quantity of fuel wood that is 3-4 kg in morning to cook the food compared to night cooking that is 1-2 kg, with respect to time, majority of the women had taken more time (2-3 hour) during morning cooking and less time was taken in night cooking. In selected villages satisfaction level was more while using improved biomass stove. Cent per cent of the women had not faced any health problems while using improved biomass stoves. It can be concluded from the study that women in both the villages were continuously using improved biomass stoves, because it reduces the 20-30 per cent of the fuel wood usage and reduction in half kg to one kg of fuel wood per day as compared to traditional stove, it saves half an hour to one hour per day. Improved biomass stoves helps to maintain the smoke free environment.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Indoor Air Pollution on Health of Rural Women While Cooking(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2016-06) Badigannavar, Ramya; Hasalkar, SumaIndoor air pollutants are nearly the same as that of outdoor ones. The concentration of household pollutants exceeds the standard set for outdoors. IAP is more harmful and possess a greater health hazards, because on an average a person spends nearly 16-18 hours indoor. Keeping in view the greater health hazards of IAP the study was carried out to assess the extent of IAP from biomass combustion in rural kitchen. The study was conducted in three taluk’s of Dharwad district, comprising a sample of 90 women respondents and a sub sample of 30 women respondents. Portable carbon dioxide meter and carbon monoxide meter were used to record the level of pollutants in the kitchen. Blood pressure monitor and heart rate monitor were used to record the blood pressure and heart rate of women while performing cooking activity. Majority of the women respondents belonged to 30-40 years of age group with a mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. Women performed cooking in indoor with partition having a small size kitchen they usually preferred to cook in the morning and evening hours with biomass fuel using traditional Chula. The average CO and CO2 levels during cooking from biomass was 374.58, 1489.20 ppm respectively which is exceeding the limit set by U.S Environmental protection agency regulation by 200 times for outdoor air pollutants and also WHO limits. The study clearly depicts the problems faced by rural women due to biomass combustion. Maximum women reported eye irritation, nose irritation, irritating throat, cough and shortness of breath a significant correlation was observed between carbon monoxide and blood pressure while performing cooking.ThesisItem Open Access Occupational Problems of Women Bus Conductors(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2016-06) Kurbett, Roopa; Jadhav, Veena S.The study on occupational problems of women bus conductors was conducted during the year 2015-16 to study the various occupational problems faced by women bus conductors. The total sample comprises 100 samples from Hubbali-Dharwad NWKRTC. Out of 100 women bus conductors a sub sample of 30 were selected to analyze the postural discomfort. The body map was used to identify the musculoskeletal pain among the women bus conductors. The results of the study revealed that majority (37.00 %) of the women bus conductors belonged to the age group of 27-37 years and (48.00 %) of them are degree holders. It also showed that (44.00 %) of the women bus conductors had <4 years experience and (50.00 %) of them earn Rs 10,000 -19,999/-month. In case of job satisfaction overall (62.50 %) of the women bus conductors satisfied with the job and (50.00 %) of them have low job satisfaction. Regarding occupational problems women bus conductors doing full justice to their family with the mean score of (3.99) it has significant association with experience and shift hours. In case of health problems majority of the women bus conductors suffered from health problems such as eye irritation, headache with the mean score (2.11, 2.10 respectively) and health problems has significant association with experience and shift hours. Majority of the women bus conductors suffering from tension because the passengers do not take necessary safety precaution with the mean score (2.60) and psychological problems has significant association with experience, shift hours. It also showed that musculoskeletal pain experience by women bus conductors mainly in the leg and ankle/feet region with the mean score (3.84, 3.56 respectively) and musculoskeletal pain experience has significant association with experience and shift hours. The results also shows that age and family type has positively related with occupational problems, health problems, psychological problems, musculoskeletal pain and job satisfaction of women bus conductors.
