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Subject: Agronomy ×

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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Biofuel Crops for Vertical Intensification of Sugarcane Based Intercropping Systems
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Chogatapur, Shilpa V.; Chandranath, H.T.
    A field experiment was conducted during 2016-17 (plant cane) and 2017-18 (ratoon cane) at Sugarcane Research Farm, Zadshapur of S. Nijalingappa Sugar Institute (SNSI) of Belagavi. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three spacing levels (120,150 and 180 cm) as main plot treatments, three component crops (sugarbeet, sweet sorghum and sweet potato) under 1:1 and 1:2 ratio as sub-plots with four control plots [sole sugarcane (90 cm), sole sugarbeet, sole sweet sorghum and sole sweet potato] outside the experiment and replicated thrice. A row spacing of 150 cm recorded significantly higher number of millable canes (NMC) in both plant and ratoon cane. With respect to row spacing of 180 cm recorded higher cane yield (132.2 t ha-1) in plant cane. A row spacing of 150 cm recorded additional net returns of ` 79,999 ha-1 in plant cane and ` 80,832 ha-1 in ratoon cane over 90 cm row spacing. Among the component crops, sugarcane + sugarbeet 1:1 row proportion recorded significantly higher cane yield (132.2 t ha-1) and ethanol yield (8.69 thousand l ha-1) in plant cane. Similar trend was also observed in ratoon cane. With respect to interactions between row spacings and component crops with different row proportion, significantly higher NMC (111.91 thousands ha-1) and cane yield (139.6 t ha-1) was recorded with sugarcane (150 cm) + sugarbeet 1:1 row proportion. Similar trend was noticed in ratoon cane. In plant cane, intercropping of sugarcane (150 cm) + sugarbeet 1:2 row proportion, realised significantly higher sugarcane equivalent yield (145.7 t ha-1) and net returns (` 2,46,829 ha-1) over all other treatment combinations. In ratoon cane similar trend was followed as that of plant cane.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Bio-Efficacy and Phyto-Toxicity of Pre and Post-Emergence Herbicides on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]; and Residual Effect on Succeeding Crops
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Shilpa H.D.; Malligawad, Lokanath H.
    The field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad on medium black clay soil during two consecutive years (2015-16 and 2016-17) in kharif-rabi sequence. Results indicated that pre-emergence application of alachlor 50 EC, pendimethalin 30 EC, butachlor 50 EC, pendimethalin 38.7 CS and oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC effectively controlled annual grassy and broad leaved weeds in groundnut/soybean and had no residual toxicities on all the succeeding crops. Post-emergence application of quizalofop ethyl 5 EC, propaquizafop 10 EC and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9 EC effectively controlled only annual grassy weeds and they did not show any residual toxicities on all the succeeding crops. On the contrary, post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 SL (100 g/ha) although suppressing the growth and development of annual grassy and broad leaved weeds, but resulted in residual toxicities in succeeding crops. The severity of imazethapyr residual toxicity on succeeding crops was greater on grain amaranth > sorghum > wheat > maize > safflower > chickpea. Yield components, dry pod weight/plant, total number of pods/plant, 100 dry pod weight in groundnut and; total number of pods/plant, seed weight/plant and 100 seed weight in soybean and B:C ratio were more in treatments which received pre-emergence herbicides, post-emergence herbicides and weed free check treatment over weedy check treatment and treatment which received post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 % SL @ (100 g/ha). Significantly lower dehydrogenase (μg TPF formed/g soil/d ) phosphatase (pnp formed/g soil/h) and urease activity (μg NH4-N formed/g soil/d), in preceding as well as succeeding crops was recorded with post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 SL (100 g/ha).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Drip Irrigation Levels in Chilli Based Intercropping Systems
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-08) Meundimath, Basavaraj N.; Rajkumara S.
    A field experiment was conducted to study the drip irrigation levels in chilli based intercropping systems during kharif, 2017-18 at IWMRC Belavatgi, UAS, Dharwad with 9 treatments. The treatment comprised of two levels of irrigations 1.0 ETo and 0.8 ETo and four intercropping systems chilli + onion, chilli + garlic, chilli + groundnut and chilli + ginger and chilli + onion- cotton as control. The treatments were replicated thrice in strip-plot design and intercrop yields are analyzed under ‘T’ test. Irrigating chilli at 0.8 ETo irrigation recorded higher fruit yield (750.3 kg ha-1) as compared with 1.0 ETo level of irrigation (665.3 kg ha-1). Intercropping systems did not affect yield and yield parameters of chilli. Intercropping of chilli + onion with irrigation at 0.8 ETo recorded higher yield and yield parameters of chilli as compared to other treatment combinations and control treatment. Significantly higher water use efficiency of 2.88 kg/ha-mm was registered in chilli + onion irrigated with 0.8 ETo and it was on par with chilli + groundnut irrigated at 0.8 ETo (2.69 kg/ha-mm) and significantly lower water use efficiency of 0.97 kg/ha-mm recorded in surface irrigated control plot of chilli + onion – cotton. Non significant yield difference was found in all intercrops (onion, garlic, groundnut and ginger) between the two levels of irrigation. Significantly higher chilli equivalent yield (1,954 kg/ha), gross returns (` 2,93,100 ha-1), net returns (` 2,20,364 ha-1) and B:C ratio (4.03) was recorded in chilli + onion irrigated at 0.8 ETo. The next best treatment combination was chilli + groundnut irrigated at 0.8 ETo. Significantly lower net returns were recorded in surface irrigated chilli + onion – cotton intercropping system (` 98,785 ha-1).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of Summer Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to Varying Levels of Sulphur and it’s sources
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-08) Sajjan, Praveenkumar B.; Pattar, P.S.
    A field experiment was carried out at Agriculture Research Station Farm, Bagalkot during summer 2017. The experiment comprising of 11 treatments with three levels of sulphur (10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1), three sources of sulphur (gypsum, elemental sulphur and sulphur bentonite), RPP and control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The results of the experiment showed that application of sulphur at 30 kg ha-1 through gypsum significantly increased the growth parameters of groundnut viz., plant height (31.50 cm) number of branches (8.90) total dry matter production (51.58 g per plant), number of nodules per plant (54.3) and relative chlorophyll content (46.12) as compared to other treatments. Application of sulphur at 30 kg ha-1 through gypsum significantly increased the yield attributes of groundnut namely number of pods per plant (18.3), 100 pod weight (64.2 g) and 100 kernel weight (35.7g) over other treatments. Significantly higher pod yield (2278 kg ha-1), haulm yield (3,625 kg ha-1) protein content (22.03 %) and oil content (46.92 %) was recorded in treatment receiving 30 kg sulphur ha-1 through gypsum as compare to other treatments. The total uptake of nitrogen (142.15 kg ha-1), P2O5 (23.34 kg ha-1), K2O (73.04 kg ha-1) and sulphur (33.11 kg ha-1) was significantly higher in treatment receiving 30 kg sulphur ha-1 through gypsum, while lowest uptake of N,P2O5,K2O and S was observed in control. The significantly highest net return (Rs 76,185 ha-1) and B:C (3.05) was observed in treatment with application of sulphur at 30 kg ha-1 through gypsum as compare to other treatments. Application of sulphur through gypsum at 30 kg ha-1 proved significantly superior over other treatments with respect to growth, yield attributes and pod yield of groundnut.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Maize (Zea mays L.) + Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) Intercropping System In Northern Transition Zone Of Karnataka Under Delayed Onset Of Monsoon
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-08) Malakannavar, Shivakumar M.; Potdar, M.P.
    A field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad on medium black soil during Kharif 2017, to study the performance of maize and pigeonpea with different row proportions and planting geometry under delayed onset of monsoon. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 11 treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of sole maize, sole pigeonpea with two genotypes (TS-3R and GRG-811), two row proportions of maize and pigeonpea (2:1 and 4:2 respectively) and planting geometry with 60 cm ´ 20 cm and 75 cm ´ 20 cm for maize and 120 cm ´ 20 cm for pigeonpea. Sole maize (98.6 q ha-1) and pigeonpea cv. TS-3R and GRG-811 recorded significantly higher grain yields (16.5 and 14.9 q ha-1 respectively) over intercropping systems. Intercropping resulted in significant reduction in the yield of both maize and pigeonpea crops. However, it was better compensated by the component crop in the intercropping system as seen in equivalent yield and monetary returns. Higher maize equivalent yield and land equivalent ratio was recorded with maize + pigeonpea cv. TS-3R (4:2) with 60 cm ´ 20 cm spacing (111.5 q ha-1 and 1.36 respectively). However, it was on par with maize + pigeonpea cv. GRG-811 (4:2) with 60 cm ´ 20 cm spacing (105.8 q ha-1 and 1.31 respectively). Higher area time equivalent ratio was recorded with maize + pigeonpea cv. GRG-811 (4:2) with 60 cm ´ 20 cm spacing (1.08). However, it was on par with maize + pigeonpea cv. TS-3R (4:2) with 60 cm ´ 20 cm spacing and sole pigeonpea cv. GRG-811 with 120 cm ´ 20 cm spacing (1.06 and 1.0 respectively). Net returns and B:C ratio were also maximum in maize + pigeonpea cv. TS-3R (4:2) with 60 cm ´ 20 cm spacing ( 77,957 ha-1 and 2.4 respectively) and it was on par with maize + pigeonpea cv. GRG-811 (4:2) with 60 cm ´ 20 cm spacing ( 71,981 ha-1 and 2.3 respectively), as compared to other intercropping systems with respect to row ratio and planting geometry.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Drip Irrigation Levels in Pigeon Pea Based Intercropping Systems with Pulses in Malaprabha Command Area
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-08) Nayak, Anandkumar H.; Alagundagi, S.C.
    A field experiment was conducted to study the “Drip irrigation levels in pigeon pea based intercropping systems with pulses in Malaprabha command area” under a vertisol at the Irrigation Water Management Research Centre, Belvatagi Dharwad during kharif 2017. The experiment was laid out under strip plot design with three replications, comprising treatments of two drip irrigations levels (70 and 50 % PE) and three intercropping systems viz., pigeon pea + green gram (1:3) and black gram (1:3) and sole pigeon pea along with rainfed sole pigeon pea (control). Drip irrigation provided at 70 per cent PE recorded higher pigeon pea seed yield (2,010 kg ha-1) compared to at 50 per cent PE (1,997 kg ha-1). Among the intercropping systems, sole pigeon pea under drip recorded higher seed yield (2,126 kg ha-1) followed by pigeon pea intercropped with black gram or green gram at 1:3 row ratio (1,986 and 1,898 kg ha-1, respectively). Interaction effect of drip irrigation at 70 per cent PE with sole pigeon recorded higher seed yield (2,198 kg ha-1) followed by drip irrigation at 50 per cent PE with sole pigeon (2,053 kg ha-1) and pigeon pea intercropped with black gram at 1:3 row ratio (2,047 kg ha-1). Rainfed sole pigeon pea recorded lower seed yield (1,613 kg ha-1). Irrespective of drip irrigation level of 50 or 70 per cent PE, pigeon pea + black gram or green gram at 1:3 row intercropping system recorded significantly higher pigeon pea seed equivalent yield (3,412 and 3,421 kg ha-1, respectively) and system net returns ( 1,11,195 and 1,09,309 ha-1, respectively). Higher water use efficiency was recorded under drip irrigation provided at 50 per cent PE in pigeon pea intercropped with green gram (1:3) (5.48 kg ha-1 -mm) and lower was with rainfed sole pigeon pea (3.06 kg ha-1 -mm).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Zinc and Iron Enriched Organics In KHARIF Sorghum
    (2018-08) Maganur, Veeranagouda R.; Kubsad, V.S.
    The field experiment entitled “Effect of zinc and iron enriched organics in kharif sorghum” was undertaken during kharif season of 2017 at AICSIP, MARS, UAS, Dharwad. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications consisting of eleven treatments with varied levels of ZnSO4 and FeSO4 enriched with organics viz., FYM and vermicompost. Soil application of ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 15.00 kg ha-1 each enriched with FYM recorded significantly higher plant height (232.7 cm), total dry matter production (218.74 g plant-1), ear weight (100.4 g plant-1), grain weight (63.5 g plant-1), test weight (3.02 g), grain yield (4,132 kg ha-1), fodder yield (9.26 t ha-1), net returns (` 20,890) and benefit cost ratio (1.49) as compared to control, recommended dose of fertilizer and recommended package of practices. Soil application of ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 each enriched with FYM recorded significantly higher zinc content in both grain (23.43 mg kg-1) and fodder (20.64 mg kg-1) which was 16.0 and 22.7 per cent higher over control (19.68 and 15.48 mg kg-1 in grain and fodder, respectively), 12.2 and 20.0 per cent higher over recommended dose of fertilizer (20.56 and 16.51 mg kg-1 in grain and fodder, respectively) and 2.1 and 4.3 per cent over recommended package of practices (22.93 and 19.74 mg kg-1, respectively) (Table 3). Similarly, iron content in grain and fodder was significantly higher with application of ZnSO4 + FeSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 each enriched with FYM (33.89 and 30.67 mg kg-1, respectively) which was 14.5 and 20.5 per cent higher over control (28.25 and 24.37 mg kg-1 in grain and fodder, respectively), 14.2 and 12.5 per cent higher over recommended dose of fertilizer (29.08 and 26.85 mg kg-1 in grain and fodder, respectively) and 10.3 and 11.0 per cent higher over recommended package of practices (30.40 and 27.27 mg kg-1 in grain and fodder, respectively).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Planting Geometry and Soil Moisture Conservation Practices in Late Kharif Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-08) Tejashwini B.; Duragannavr, F.M.
    A field experiment was conducted to study the planting geometry and soil moisture conservation practices in late kharif sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at the Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during 2017 in black clayey soil. The experiment consisted seven treatments with five different planting geometries (60 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 20, 45 cm × 15 cm, 45 cm × 20 cm and 120 cm × 10 cm) and three land configurations (flatbed, skip row after every two rows of planting and skip row after every two rows of planting with opening furrow in skipped rows). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized block design with three replications. Significantly higher number of green leaves per plant of 22.7 at 60 DAS (days after sowing), leaf area index (1.21, 3.75 and 1.86 at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest respectively), leaf area duration (73.40 and 83.07 days at 30-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest respectively) and crop growth rate (0.154 g dm-2 day-1 at 30-60 DAS), seed yield (2,240 kg ha-1), stalk yield (3,589 kg ha-1) and oil yield (868 kg ha-1) were recorded with skip row after every two rows of planting (45 cm × 15 cm spacing) + opening furrow at 30 DAS: 98,765 plants ha-1. Soil moisture content and soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) were not differed significantly due to planting geometry and soil moisture conservation practices. Skip row after every two rows of planting (45 cm × 15 cm spacing) + opening furrow at 30 DAS: 98,765 plants ha-1 recorded significantly higher seed yield (2,240 kg ha-1) and gross returns ( 78,400 ha-1). However, skip row after every two rows of planting (45 cm × 15 cm spacing): 98,765 plants ha-1 recorded significantly higher net returns ( 49,157 ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.71).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Nitrogen Levels and Modified Urea on Growth, Yield and Nitrogen use Efficiency in Rainfed Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L).]
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2017-06) Ganapati
    A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen levels and modified urea on growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rainfed pearl millet during kharif 2016 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, College of Agriculture, Vijayapura, UAS, Dharwad. There were 15 treatment combinations involving three nitrogen levels viz., 25, 50 and 75 kg ha-1 and five modified ureas viz., neem coated, tar coated, sulphur coated, vermicompost coated and normal urea. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomised block design with three replications. The results indicated that, application of 75 and 50 kg N ha-1 were at par and recorded significantly higher grain (2,878 and 2,730 kg ha-1, respectively) and stover yields (5.32 and 5.15 t ha-1, respectively) compared to 25 kg N ha-1(2,296 kg ha-1 and 4.00 t ha-1, respectively). Application of neem coated urea recorded significantly higher grain (2,965 kg ha-1) and stover yields (6.13 t ha-1) to normal urea. Net income and benefit cost ratio were higher with application of 75 kg N ha-1 (Rs. 28,815 ha-1 and 2.91, respectively) compared to 25 kg N ha-1 (Rs. 21,366 ha-1 and 2.57, respectively), however it was at par with 50 kg N ha-1 (Rs. 27,517 ha-1 and 2.90, respectively). Among the modified ureas, neem coated urea recorded significantly higher net income (Rs. 32,316 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (3.32) compared to normal urea (Rs. 23,817 ha-1 and 2.69, respectively) and other modified ureas. Application of 50 kg N ha-1 with neem coated urea was found to be optimum in pearl millet crop to achieve higher grain yield, stover yield and economic returns.