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ThesisItem Open Access MARKET STRUCTURE, CONDUCT AND PERFORMANCE - A CASE OF TAMARIND IN NORTH KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) HUBBALLI, MANJUNATH S; YELEDHALLI, R AABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access ECONOMICS OF CONTRACT FARMING IN VEGETABLES - A CASE OF BELGAUM DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) ARUNKUMAR, S; SONNAD, J SContract farming can be described as a half way house between independent farm production and corporate farming. The study was undertaken in Belgaum district of Karnataka. Two taluks viz., Belgaum and Bailhongal, 15 villages from these two taluks were selected where contract farming was practiced. All contract farmers and equal number of non-contract farmers were selected. Hence, the total sample size was 150. The study revealed that annual income, family size and education of the farmers classified them into contract farmer and non-contract farmer in potato, tomato and chilli. Written agreement was used in potato and chilli oral agreement was used in tomato. The total per acre cost of potato cultivation in contract and non-contract farming was Rs. 27,783.00 and Rs. 30,256.10 and net returns obtained were Rs. 13,231.61 and Rs. 17,063.90. The total per acre cost of tomato cultivation in contract and non-contract farming was Rs. 31,719.25 and Rs. 36,798.18 and net returns obtained were Rs. 50,136.66 and Rs. -6,916.68. The total per acre cost of chilli cultivation in contract and non-contract farming was Rs. 16,156.62 and Rs. 24,286.31 and net returns obtained were Rs. 41,443.38 and Rs. 33,583.69, respectively. In potato, contract farmer had a negative impact on profitability when compared to non-contract farmer as market price was higher than the contract price. In tomato and chilli, contract farmer had a positive impact on profitability when compared to non-contract farmer as contract price was higher than the market price. The regression coefficients of net returns from contract farming, land under contract, education of the contract farner and experience of the company were statistically significant and marketing cost was negatively significant. There were several problems faced by contract farmer and contract firm, which can be well handled with proper policy interventions.ThesisItem Open Access MARKETING OF BAMBOO IN KARNATAKA - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) SRI HARI, V; KARNOOL, N. NBamboo is found well distributed in Karnataka from Uttara Kannada and Belgaum districts in the north to Mysore and Chamarajnagar districts in the South. Bamboos have been in demand due to their multifarious uses. The present study pertains to three eastern plain districts namely, Bellary, Bidar and Koppal in Karnataka state. In the first stage two markets in each district and in second stage five traders each from these markets were selected by using multi-stage random sampling. The analytical techniques included were Lorenz curve technique, multiple regression and tabular analysis. The results revealed that all the three markets viz. Bellary, Bidar and Koppal markets are competitive in nature and co-efficient of inequality was found to be 0.05, 0 and 0.178 respectively. Traders purchase major quantity of bamboo from private source (96.6 %) on monthly basis. The sales pattern followed by KFD was found to be only through allotment and of traders showed that major quantity of bamboo was sold to Medars (70.81 %). Three important marketing channels were found viz. Karnataka Forest Department -> Traders, Karnataka Forest Department -> Paper mills and Producer-seller -Traders -> Consumer. The total marketing cost incurred by traders was found to be Rs. 1050 per tonne and that of paper mills was Rs. 1305 per tonne of bamboo. The producer's share in consumer's price was found to be 51.88 percent and the marketing efficiency ratio was 1.07 in channel-HI. All the traders opined that high transportation cost was a major problem followed by inadequate supply from KFD (83.3%) and harassment from government officials (83.3%). Both the paper mills expressed non-availability of bamboo in time as major problem. Efforts may be made to supply/allot larger quantity of bamboo to medars community and of traders by forest department. Further, bamboo sale by auctioning may be encouraged.ThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT APPRAISAL OF SPINNING MILLS IN GADAG DISTRICT (KARNATAKA)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) M C, SAVITHA; VIJAYAKUMAR, H SThesisItem Open Access MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS : AN ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION PATTERN IN HUBLI-DHARWAD URBAN CONGLOMERATION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) K B, RAMAPPA; MAHAJANASHETTI, S BABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access MANAGEMENT OF FOOD PROCESSING UNITS - A CASE OF ROLLER FLOUR MILLS IN BIJAPUR DISTRICT (KARNATAKA)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) Manjunatha, M B; Karnool, N NIndia is one of the principal wheat producing and consuming country in the world, wheat forms and staple food to most of the population in the world. Wheat flour based products su ch as chapathi are part of the staple diet in most part of central and n o r th ern India. Nearly 10.5 million tonnes of wheat is processed every year. The leading flour producing sta tes are, Uttara Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Haryana a n d Punjab. The overall objective of the study was to analyse the performance of roller flour mills in Bijapur district of Karnataka. The two units located in the Bijapur district were selected for the study. Further , they were categorised into small and medium scale units based on their installed capacity. The primary data was collected for the year 1999-2000. The results showed that the investment in both category of roller flour mills was financially feasible and economically viable. The per quintal total cost of processing was Rs.908.99 and Rs.959.53 in small and medium scale units respectively. The value added as a result of processing activity at an overall average level was Rs.220.85 per quintal ot wheat processed. The marketing co s t per bag of maida (90 kgs) was high in channel-1 (Rs.34.70). Among items of cost incurred sales tax accounted for 57.06 per cent of the total co s t of marketing. The industry' on an average utilised only 37.62 per c en t of installed capacity. Break even quannt>’ of output in small and medium scale units was 15.468.84 quintals and 1.37,757.17 quintals respectively. The labour intensity' was ven- low in both the units, capital intensity' and efficiency was higher in medium scale unit. Problems regarding marketing, processing, government policies and procurement were considered as the most important problems.ThesisItem Open Access EVALUATION OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINE PROCESSING UNITS IN UTTARA KANNADA DISTRICT (KARNATAKA)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) Kavitha, K; Khan, H S SIn the present day context, it can be stated that Avurveda is very much alive and is a unique system of medicine widely practiced in Hindustan penensula. In recent years, it h a s attended much attention in the economically developed countries such as (of) Europe, USA and Japan. The present study was aimed to assess the. p erformance of Ayurvedic medicine processing units in Uttara Kannada district (Karnataka). The objectives were to document the agro-processing units / industries in different taluks of Uttara Kannada district, to study the inves tment pattern organisation structure, cost involved in procurement and processing, cost and return structure, marketing channe ls and costs, business performance and the problems faced by the Ayurvedic medicine proces s ing industry. Tabular analysis, bus ine s s ratios and comparative rating method were employed to analyse the above objective. The fixed capital inve s tment was high on buildings and land. All the three units taken for the s tudy followed line organization t^pe of structure. The quantity of raw materials procured by all the three units was more through pattern II (dealers i.e., 2 ,2 5 5 .5 0 kg, 2 ,6 5 4 .5 0 kg and 4 ,5 7 2 .9 1 kg, respectively). No cost was involved in procuring the raw materials through pattern I but through pattern II, transport and handling charges were higher i.e. 6 3 .0 7 per cent in unit I and 6 6 .7 5 per cent in unit III. In all the three units. Just in time principle of procurement was followed. The study on cost involved in processing of Ayurvedic medic ines by all the three units revealed the higher requirement for packing material cost (85.48 per cent in unit I, 67.33 per cent in unit II and 7 8 .1 2 per cent in unit III) followed by wages, utilities and preservatives. The cost of production of Ayurvedic medicines was high in unit I (Rs.46,801.83) followed by unit III (Rs.4 0 ,7 3 6 .2 ) and unit II (Rs.21 ,2 9 6 .7 0 ) , in which the cost of proc e s s ing per batch of each product was observed to be high. The profit gained at an overall level by unit I, unit II and unit III was in the order of Rs .0 .7 6 , Rs.0.90 and Rs .0.56 respectively on an every rupee of investment. Unit I marketed their products only through dealers while unit III marketed through their hospi tals located at different places. Unit II marketed 6 2 .3 9 per cent through dealers and 37.61 per cent through its hospital located near the proces s ing unit. The cos t of marketing through dealers was highest due to the high commis s ion charges (5%) and sales tax paid by the units. The competition that exists in the market, the tax levied on the raw materials and finished products and the procurement price incurred by the units wa s considered to be the prioritized problems in Ayurvedic medicine proces s ing industry.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY IN BELGAUM DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA-A CASE OF STARCH INDUSTRY(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) Rajaram, mane Rahul; Vijayakumar, H SThe maize starch industry in terms of volume and value of the final products is most important sector in the world.The turn over of the Indian starch industry is about Rs. 5,000 million. Starch industry suffers from various management problems. Therefore to help existing manufactures and who wish to enter in the industry Belgaum district was selected in Karnataka with both established starch units. Further they were categorized into two namely, small and large unit based on their installed capacity. The primary data was for the collected for the year 1998-99 by personal interview method with the help of pre-tested schedule. Similarly secondary data was collected from both the units and DIG, Belgaum for the year 1998-99. The results revealed that, in Belgaum district 12,294 agro-based units were established, out of which 12,278 were small units. There was a direct relationship between the total capital investment and the size of the unit. The starch industry followed the line organization type of structure. Totally three patterns of procurement of maize were identified. The cost of carrying inventory per tonne of maize was higher (Rs.913.29) in large unit. The cost of production of starch per tonne of maize processed was small (Rs.8,374.37) in small unit. The value added as a result of processing activity was high (Rs.5,724.15) in large unit per tonne of maize processed. Maximum quantity of starch was marketed through traders and commission agents. The marketing cost per tonne of starch was high through channel III (commission agent). The units used 50 kg package for marketing of starch powder. The small unit adopted pricing at the market strategy and large unit adopted penetration pricing and loss leader pricing strategy. The business performance as observed through the financial ratios showed that the large processing units were more efficient than the small unit.ThesisItem Open Access BUSINESS PERFORMANCE OF CO-OPERATIVE OIL MILLS - A MANAGEMENT APPRAISAL(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2000) F, ASHRAF ALI; BANAKAR, BASAVARAJ"India is the third-largest oil economy in the world. Indian vegetable oil industry undertakes number of activities ranging from kernel crushing to Vanaspati manufacturing. All the three sectors (co-operative, private and public) of this industry are hit with problems but the cooperative sector is the worst in its sufferings. Therefore business performance analysis of the co-operative oil mills is highly significant. Two oil mills, one each under large scale and medium scale, from the Gadag district were considered for the study. The primary data, for 1998-99 was collected through a pre-tested questionnaire while the secondary data, from 1994-95 to 1998-99, was collected from various records of the mills. Data were analysed using percentages, financial ratios and comparative rating methods. The study revealed that capital investment increased with size of the unit. The patterns for procurement of raw materials and marketing of finished products were similar in both mills. In processing costs, the fixed costs increased with increase in size of the unit while variable costs decreased with increased capacity utilization. The cost of carrying the inventory was influenced by quantity and type of inventory held by the unit. The benefit cost ratio of processing was 0.92 in the large scale unit and 1.35 in the large scale unit. The financial indicators revealed that the performance of medium scale unit was just satisfactory while that of large scale unit was far below the satisfactory limits. The problems faced by both the mills were identical (inadequate raw materials, infrastructural facilities and high processing costs) and severity of problem varied with units. Therefore, up-gradation of infrastructural facilities and implementation of strategies to strengthen raw material base, inventory management and financial management, coupled with policies to cut tax charges is necessary to improve the performance of co-operative oil mills. "