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2012 - 201420
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Subject: Soil Science × Start date: 1961 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF LONG-TERM IRRIGATION WITH BIO-METHANATED SPENTWASH ON PROPERTIES OF A VERTISOL AND PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CROP
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-12) S. M. KAMBLE; Dr. Manjunatha Hebbara
    A field experiment was conducted at Ugar-Khurd, Athani taluk, Belagavi, Karnataka to study the effect of different periods of spentwash application (5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and > 20 years) on soil properties and performance of sugarcane crop in a Vertisol of Northern Dry Zone (Zone-III) of Karnataka. The results revealed that application of spentwash for 5 to 10 years was superior with respect to growth, yield and quality parameters of sugarcane like millable cane height, diameter of cane, number of internodes, internodal length, number of millable canes, single cane weight, dry matter content, yield brix per cent, pol per cent and purity per cent. The crop could not be established in the plot which received spentwash for >20 years. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was higher in the treatment that was irrigated with spentwash for 5 to 10 years which decreased with increased periods of spentwash application. The sodium uptake by sugarcane increased due to continuous application of spentwash and recorded the highest uptake under 15 to 20 years of spentwash application. Long-term application significantly reduced the soil bulk density, erosion index, dispersion index and increased maximum water holding capacity, aggregate stability and infiltration rate. The EC and ESP values increased with increased periods of spentwash application recording the highest values under >20 years of spentwash application. The salinity value increased beyond the threshold for sugarcane crop. The available nutrient status, CEC, base saturation, ESP and CaCO3 content in soil was higher in the plots irrigated with spentwash for >20 years. The higher soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population was found in the treatment that received spentwash for 10 to 15 years, which decreased at > 20 years of spentwash application.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS OF SELECTED TREE PLANTATIONS
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2014-06) JEETENDRAPRAKASH; Dr. MANJUNATHA HEBBARA
    A study was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka to characterize soils and soil organic matter fractions under teak (Tectona grandis), sisso (Dalbergia sissoo), catechu (Acacia catechu), bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia) tree plantations. Irrespective of tree species, soils under tree plantations registered lower pH and higher electrical conductivity values over control (cultivated land). The pH of surface soils (0-30 cm) remained lower than subsoil (30-60 cm). The lowering of pH was to a greater extent under bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) compared to all other plantations. Soil organic carbon and total N were more under tree plantations than control. The C:N ratio did not vary much among tree species and cultivated land. Tree species registered higher available status for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to cultivated land. Among different tree plantations, soils under the canopy of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) followed by Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) registered significantly higher organic carbon content and available status of N, P2O5 and K2O. Soils under Dendrocalamus strictus registered higher DTPA extractable iron and manganese contents whereas higher copper and zinc contents were recorded in soils under Eucalyptus tereticornis. Cultivated land recorded lower heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb) contents compared to tree plantations. Among different tree plantations Dendrocalamus strictus recorded higher CEC, humic acid and fulvic acid contents. The humic and fulvic acids extracted from Dendrocalamus strictus plantation recorded the highest total acidity and E4/E6 ratio. Irrespective of tree species, humic acid had higher iron content followed by zinc, copper and manganese. Higher copper and manganese contents were recorded in humic acid compared to fulvic acid. The chromium concentration was the highest in leaf litter of all plantations as compared to other heavy metals. The leaf litter of Dalbergia sissoo had higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents over other trees.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR ON YIELD, QUALITY AND UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS BY CHICKPEA IN A VERTISOL UNDER IRRIGATION
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-12) ASHOK S. SINDAGI; Dr. N. S. HEBSUR
    A field experiment entitled “Studies on levels of phosphorus and sulphur on yield, quality and uptake of nutrients by chickpea in a Vertisol under irrigation” was conducted at Water Management Research Centre (WMRC) Belavatagi of Dharwad district situated in the northern dry zone (Zone-3) of Karnataka during Rabi 2013-14. The experiment was laid out with RBD with chickpea CV. JG-11 and twelve treatment combinations viz., three levels of phosphorus and two levels of sulphur fertilizers with three replications. The results of field experiment revealed that, application of phosphorus @ 75 kg + sulphur @ 30 kg/ha resulted in the highest plant height (49.04 cm), number of branches (8.60), number of pods per plant (69.40) and nodules count (27.33), dry matter production (58.39 q/ha), grain yield (29.72 q/ha) and crude protein content (24.63 %). However, treatments T10 (P2O5 @ 50 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha) and T11 (P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 15 kg/ha) were on par with T12. The highest uptake of N, P, K and S (175.09, 27.77, 121.99, 22.95 kg/ha, respectively) registered with the treatment T12 (P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha). However, treatments T10 and T11 were on par with T12 and were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The higher available N, P and S values (112.75, 26.12 and 37.79 kg/ha, respectively) were recorded in the treatment receiving P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha (T12). However, treatments T10 and T11 (110.51, 112.00 N kg/ha) T9, T10 and T11 (22.95, 23.35, 25.69 P kg/ha) and T10 (36.14 S kg/ha, respectively) were on par with T12. Application of P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha (T12) recorded the highest gross income (Rs. 92027) and net income (Rs. 68910).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON ZINC SULPHATE AND BORAX ON YIELD, QUALITY AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY KNOL-KHOL (Brassica oleracea Var. gonglodes l.) IN ALFISOLS UNDER NORTHERN TRANSITION ZONE OF KARNATAKA
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-08) SHRISHAIL ARABHAVI; Dr. C. M. POLESHI
    A field experiment was conducted to study effect of zinc sulphate and borax on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by knol-khol (Var.Large Green) in Alfisols under Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka during kharif 2013 in Horticulture block of Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS) at UAS, Dharwad with 17 treatments. The treatments included three levels of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) viz., 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1 and three levels of boron (Na2B4O7.10H2O) viz., 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg ha-1 in combination with RDF. There was one control treatment of RDF and treatment with RDF + gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) equivalent to sulpher in ZnSO4.7H2O @ 15 kg ha-1. FYM @ 25t ha-1 was applied to all the treatments. The treatments were replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The effect of these two nutrients individually and in combinations was ascertained at three stages viz., vegetative, knob development and at harvest and also evaluated for the available nutrient status of the soil after harvest of the crop. The growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant and dry matter accumulation in knol-khol increased significantly due to soil application of zinc and boron. Application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2.5 kg ha-1 along with RDF (T11) was found superior in terms of growth parameters yield (22.57 t ha-1), net returns (82044 Rs ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.95) compared to that in the control yield (16.52 kg ha-1). The next best treatment was ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 5 kg ha-1 along with RDF (T12). Hence, it is advisable to the farming community that application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2.5 kg ha-1 was econo0mically viable for obtaining higher productivity and quality in knol-khol besides maintaining zinc and boron status in soil.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of Magnetic Treatment on Irrigation Water Quality, Soil Properties and Growth of Sunflower Corp
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Ashwini H. Gudigar; Manjuunatha Hebbara
    Experiments were conducted to study the effect of magnetic treatment on irrigation water quality, soil properties, leaching efficiency of salts and growth of sunflower crop during 2011- 2012 at College of Agriculture, UAS, Dharwad. Four separate experiments were conducted to achieve the objectives. Irrigation waters with different salinity levels of i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 dS m-1 were obtained by equilibrating natural saline soil with good water in the ratio of 1:3 and used in the studies along with GW (0.6 dS m-1). For magnetic treatment, the waters were passed though the magnetic device as required for each study. The one-time magnetic treatment of irrigation water significantly decreased electrical conductivity but the effect on pH was variable. With multiple magnetic treatments, the difference between treated and untreated became increasingly narrow. The calcium, magnesium, sodium and sodium adsorption ratio also followed the same trend. The magnetic treatment also had mollifying effect on residual sodium carbonate of water. In general, the decrease was of higher magnitude at lower level of water salinity. Intermittent irrigation with magnetized water significantly decreased soil pH but increased soil salinity. Soil exchangeable calcium, sodium and exchangeable sodium percentage decreased due to irrigation with magnetized water. Soil water soluble calcium, magnesium and sodium decreased due to magnetized water irrigation. The magnetic treatment significantly decreased the dispersible clay content over non-magnetized water use. Leaching a saline soil with magnetized water removed more salts from the soil compared to leaching with non-magnetized water. Soils leached with magnetized water had significantly higher leachate salinity and lower soil salinity compared to leaching with nonmagnetized water. The magnetic treatment significantly increased germination percentage, plant height and dry matter yield in sunflower over non-magnetized water use. The magnetic treatment increased the K/Na ratio and improved its salt-tolerance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of organic and Inorganic Sources of Nutrients on soil Fertility and Yield of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Javed U. Mujawar; K. K. Math
    A field experiment was conducted to investigation “The effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on soil fertility and yield of brinjal” during kharif 2010 at the MARS, UAS, Dharwad. The experiment was laid out in Typic Haplustert under irrigation in RBD with nine treatments replicating thrice. The treatments included were RDF with and without FYM, 100 and 75 per cent organics, INM (50% organics + 50% inorganic fertilizers) and liquid organics like beejamrutha, jeevamrutha and panchagavya alone and in combination with above treatments except RPP and RDF. The results revealed that the treatment with RDF+FYM recorded significantly higher fruit yield (5.24 t ha-1) and it was on par with RDF and organics and chemical fertilizers applied each at 50 per cent level either alone or with liquid organics. The uptake of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur and micronutrients namely copper, iron, manganese and zinc increased significantly due to application of part of recommended nitrogen through organics. The available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur and DTPA extractable micronutrients namely copper, iron, manganese and zinc status of soil was significantly influenced by the application of chemical fertilizers along with organics and the maximum values were recorded in the treatment receiving RDF+FYM. Dehydrogenase enzyme activity in soil was higher in the treatments with FYM and vermicompost applied along with chemical fertilizers and the highest value was recorded in the treatment receiving RDF+FYM (40.90 ıg TPF/g soil/day). Thus, the study emphasizes that in brinjal cultivation, chemical fertilizers can be substituted with FYM and vermicompost without losing appreciable fruit yield. This also improves the soil fertility and quality of fruit in addition to saving 50 per cent cost on chemical fertilizers. The findings assume greater significance in the present context where in the development of multi-nutrients deficiency in soil and scaling up of the cost of chemical fertilizers severely limiting crop productivity.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on the use of Spentwash as A Source of Potassium on Maiza Productivity and Soil Properties
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Ravindra V. M; K. K. Math
    A field investigation on “Studies on the use of spentwash as a source of potassium on maize productivity and soil properties” was conducted in sandy clay loam soil in the farmer’s field at Sameerwadi during kharif 2012. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with seven treatments replicated four times. The recommended dose of potassium (RDK) to maize was substituted with spentwash at 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 per cent levels. The bio-methanated spentwash used for the study was neutral in reaction with high soluble salts content. Application of spentwash to maize to substitute 50 per cent RDK significantly improved growth and yield attributing characters when compared to its application at higher levels but was on par with application of only chemical fertilizer. Application of spentwash in conjunction with potassic fertilizer at 50 per cent level produced 7.3 t ha-1 of grain yield and it was on par with the treatment receiving RDK only through chemical fertilizer and the treatment with 25 per cent substitution of RDK with spentwash but significantly superior to the treatments receiving higher levels of spentwash. The uptake of nutrients by the crop was significantly increased with the use of two sources of potassium each at 50 per cent level when compared to the treatments receiving 100, 150 and 200 per cent RDK only with spentwash but it was on par with the treatment receiving only chemical fertilizer and the treatment with 25 per cent substitution of RDK with spentwash. Application of distillery spentwash at different levels caused improvement in soil physical environment, organic carbon, available nutrients status and dehydrogenase enzyme activity in the soil. However, its addition to soil also resulted in build up of total soluble salts content in soil which is undesirable. Combined application of spentwash and potassic fertilizer in 1:1 ratio was better as indicated by higher B:C ratio than the treatment receiving only potassic fertilizer.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Graded Doses of Nitrogen Under Varying Levels of Soil Salinity in Vertisol of Ghataprabha Command Area
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Rajesh Rawal; V.B. Kuligod
    A field experiment was conducted to study the influence of graded doses of nitrogen on maize under varying levels of soil salinity in Roogi village of Mudhol taluk during kharif 2012. The experiment comprised of four salinity levels and four nitrogen levels. Growth parameters and yield attributing parameters were found significantly higher at lower salinity level of < 2 dSm-1. Treatment receiving 225 kg N ha-1 had better growth over the treatment receiving 150 kg N ha-1. Crop growth was not influenced by higher doses of nitrogen under saline conditions (> 4 dSm-1). The highest crop yield of 8.31 t ha-1 was observed under < 2 followed by 2-4 dSm-1. Application of increased level of nitrogen resulted significant increase in yield. Application of 225 kg N ha-1 (6.74 t ha-1) recorded maximum yield. Higher doses of nitrogen application under saline condition (> 4 dSm-1) did not enhance the crop yield. Reduction in NPK uptake was recorded with the increase in soil salinity. Application of 225 kg N ha-1 recorded the maximum NPK uptake. The K/Na ratio decreased with increasing salinity and the highest K/Na ratio of 50.0 was found at 225 kg ha-1 N application under < 2 dSm-1 salinity. Available NPK content was maximum at salinity level < 2 dSm-1 and the lowest was at 6-8 dSm-1. Increased soil salinity decreased grain protein content but starch content increased with the increase in soil salinity. The highest protein content was recorded at salinity level < 2 dSm-1. Increased soil salinity registered decrease in the net returns. The higher net returns and B:C ratio was obtained at salinity level < 2 dSm-1.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on Ferrous Sulphate and Zinc Sulphate Application on Yield and Quality of Byadgi Chillies in Calcareous Vertosol of Northern Transitional Zone of Karnataka
    (UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Suchithra C. K.; B. I. Bidari
    A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 in the farmer’s field at Agadi village in Dharwad district to study the “Response of Byadgi chillies to ferrous sulphate and zinc sulphate application in calcareous Vertisol in northern transitional zone of Karnataka”. The experiment consisted of ten treatments with three replications. Results showed that application of ferrous sulphate @ 25 kg ha-1 to soil on 30th DAT+foliar spray of 0.5 percent ferrous sulphate on 60th and 90th DAT recorded highest fruit yield (17.17 q/ha) closely followed by treatment that received soil + foliar application of zinc sulphate (16.60 q/ha). Ferrous sulphate applied treatments recorded comparatively higher fruit yield than zinc sulphate applied treatments. Highest colour value (274.23 ASTA units) and oleoresin content (18.07%) in red chillies were recorded with soil (25 kg/ha)+foliar (0.5%) application of ferrous sulphate. Foliar spray of zinc sulphate (0.5%) on 60th and 90th DAT produced minimum per cent discoloured fruits (5.26%) and treatments receiving only ferrous sulphate application recorded comparatively higher discoloured fruits than treatments receiving zinc sulphate application (T3 and T5). Control recorded maximum per cent discoloured fruits (6.12%). Combined foliar spray of ferrous sulphate and zinc sulphate (each 0.5%) at 60 and 90 DAT resulted in marginal decreased colour value (230.11 ASTA units) but numerical increase in discoloured fruits (5.54%) compared to individual foliar spray. Highest iron (196.63 mg/kg) and zinc (86.59 mg/kg) contents in red fruits were noticed in treatments receiving soil+foliar application of ferrous sulphate (T6) and zinc sulphate (T7) respectively. Potassium content of whole red fruits had a significant positive correlation with colour value (0.79**) and oleoresin content (0.81**). Iron and zinc contents of whole red fruits were positively correlated with colour value (0.65* and 0.63* for iron and zinc, respectively). Zinc content of whole red fruit possessed significant negative relationship with per cent discoloured fruits (-0.84**). Per cent discoloured fruits possessed significant positive relationship with leaf nitrogen content (0.66*), while potassium, iron and zinc contents possessed significant negative relationship. Highest B:C ratio (5.31) was obtained due to soil + foliar application of ferrous sulphate (T6).