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Subject: Soil Science × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2014 ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EFFECT OF LONG-TERM IRRIGATION WITH BIO-METHANATED SPENTWASH ON PROPERTIES OF A VERTISOL AND PERFORMANCE OF SUGARCANE CROP
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-12) S. M. KAMBLE; Dr. Manjunatha Hebbara
    A field experiment was conducted at Ugar-Khurd, Athani taluk, Belagavi, Karnataka to study the effect of different periods of spentwash application (5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and > 20 years) on soil properties and performance of sugarcane crop in a Vertisol of Northern Dry Zone (Zone-III) of Karnataka. The results revealed that application of spentwash for 5 to 10 years was superior with respect to growth, yield and quality parameters of sugarcane like millable cane height, diameter of cane, number of internodes, internodal length, number of millable canes, single cane weight, dry matter content, yield brix per cent, pol per cent and purity per cent. The crop could not be established in the plot which received spentwash for >20 years. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was higher in the treatment that was irrigated with spentwash for 5 to 10 years which decreased with increased periods of spentwash application. The sodium uptake by sugarcane increased due to continuous application of spentwash and recorded the highest uptake under 15 to 20 years of spentwash application. Long-term application significantly reduced the soil bulk density, erosion index, dispersion index and increased maximum water holding capacity, aggregate stability and infiltration rate. The EC and ESP values increased with increased periods of spentwash application recording the highest values under >20 years of spentwash application. The salinity value increased beyond the threshold for sugarcane crop. The available nutrient status, CEC, base saturation, ESP and CaCO3 content in soil was higher in the plots irrigated with spentwash for >20 years. The higher soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population was found in the treatment that received spentwash for 10 to 15 years, which decreased at > 20 years of spentwash application.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS AND SOIL ORGANIC MATTER FRACTIONS OF SELECTED TREE PLANTATIONS
    (University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2014-06) JEETENDRAPRAKASH; Dr. MANJUNATHA HEBBARA
    A study was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station, UAS, Dharwad, Karnataka to characterize soils and soil organic matter fractions under teak (Tectona grandis), sisso (Dalbergia sissoo), catechu (Acacia catechu), bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus tereticornis) and casuarina (Casuarina equisetifolia) tree plantations. Irrespective of tree species, soils under tree plantations registered lower pH and higher electrical conductivity values over control (cultivated land). The pH of surface soils (0-30 cm) remained lower than subsoil (30-60 cm). The lowering of pH was to a greater extent under bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) compared to all other plantations. Soil organic carbon and total N were more under tree plantations than control. The C:N ratio did not vary much among tree species and cultivated land. Tree species registered higher available status for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compared to cultivated land. Among different tree plantations, soils under the canopy of bamboo (Dendrocalamus strictus) followed by Sissoo (Dalbergia sissoo) registered significantly higher organic carbon content and available status of N, P2O5 and K2O. Soils under Dendrocalamus strictus registered higher DTPA extractable iron and manganese contents whereas higher copper and zinc contents were recorded in soils under Eucalyptus tereticornis. Cultivated land recorded lower heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb) contents compared to tree plantations. Among different tree plantations Dendrocalamus strictus recorded higher CEC, humic acid and fulvic acid contents. The humic and fulvic acids extracted from Dendrocalamus strictus plantation recorded the highest total acidity and E4/E6 ratio. Irrespective of tree species, humic acid had higher iron content followed by zinc, copper and manganese. Higher copper and manganese contents were recorded in humic acid compared to fulvic acid. The chromium concentration was the highest in leaf litter of all plantations as compared to other heavy metals. The leaf litter of Dalbergia sissoo had higher nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents over other trees.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON LEVELS OF PHOSPHORUS AND SULPHUR ON YIELD, QUALITY AND UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS BY CHICKPEA IN A VERTISOL UNDER IRRIGATION
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-12) ASHOK S. SINDAGI; Dr. N. S. HEBSUR
    A field experiment entitled “Studies on levels of phosphorus and sulphur on yield, quality and uptake of nutrients by chickpea in a Vertisol under irrigation” was conducted at Water Management Research Centre (WMRC) Belavatagi of Dharwad district situated in the northern dry zone (Zone-3) of Karnataka during Rabi 2013-14. The experiment was laid out with RBD with chickpea CV. JG-11 and twelve treatment combinations viz., three levels of phosphorus and two levels of sulphur fertilizers with three replications. The results of field experiment revealed that, application of phosphorus @ 75 kg + sulphur @ 30 kg/ha resulted in the highest plant height (49.04 cm), number of branches (8.60), number of pods per plant (69.40) and nodules count (27.33), dry matter production (58.39 q/ha), grain yield (29.72 q/ha) and crude protein content (24.63 %). However, treatments T10 (P2O5 @ 50 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha) and T11 (P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 15 kg/ha) were on par with T12. The highest uptake of N, P, K and S (175.09, 27.77, 121.99, 22.95 kg/ha, respectively) registered with the treatment T12 (P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha). However, treatments T10 and T11 were on par with T12 and were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The higher available N, P and S values (112.75, 26.12 and 37.79 kg/ha, respectively) were recorded in the treatment receiving P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha (T12). However, treatments T10 and T11 (110.51, 112.00 N kg/ha) T9, T10 and T11 (22.95, 23.35, 25.69 P kg/ha) and T10 (36.14 S kg/ha, respectively) were on par with T12. Application of P2O5 @ 75 kg + S @ 30 kg/ha (T12) recorded the highest gross income (Rs. 92027) and net income (Rs. 68910).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON ZINC SULPHATE AND BORAX ON YIELD, QUALITY AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY KNOL-KHOL (Brassica oleracea Var. gonglodes l.) IN ALFISOLS UNDER NORTHERN TRANSITION ZONE OF KARNATAKA
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2014-08) SHRISHAIL ARABHAVI; Dr. C. M. POLESHI
    A field experiment was conducted to study effect of zinc sulphate and borax on yield, quality and nutrient uptake by knol-khol (Var.Large Green) in Alfisols under Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka during kharif 2013 in Horticulture block of Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS) at UAS, Dharwad with 17 treatments. The treatments included three levels of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4.7H2O) viz., 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1 and three levels of boron (Na2B4O7.10H2O) viz., 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg ha-1 in combination with RDF. There was one control treatment of RDF and treatment with RDF + gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) equivalent to sulpher in ZnSO4.7H2O @ 15 kg ha-1. FYM @ 25t ha-1 was applied to all the treatments. The treatments were replicated thrice in a randomized block design. The effect of these two nutrients individually and in combinations was ascertained at three stages viz., vegetative, knob development and at harvest and also evaluated for the available nutrient status of the soil after harvest of the crop. The growth parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant and dry matter accumulation in knol-khol increased significantly due to soil application of zinc and boron. Application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2.5 kg ha-1 along with RDF (T11) was found superior in terms of growth parameters yield (22.57 t ha-1), net returns (82044 Rs ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.95) compared to that in the control yield (16.52 kg ha-1). The next best treatment was ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 5 kg ha-1 along with RDF (T12). Hence, it is advisable to the farming community that application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 2.5 kg ha-1 was econo0mically viable for obtaining higher productivity and quality in knol-khol besides maintaining zinc and boron status in soil.