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ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON REARING PERFORMANCE OF NEW BIVOLTINE BREEDS OF SILKWORM, Bombyx mod L. ON IMPROVED MULBERRY VARIETIES(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2002) Ravinder; Rayar, S G"The studies on the rearing performance of CSR-18 and CSR-19 breeds on iroved mulberry varieties were conducted at Department of Sericulture, University Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during summer and pre-rainy season. In both rearings CSR-18 and CSR-19 breeds performed better than NB^D^ in most of economic traits. Among the breeds, the performance of CSR-19 was superior :hawki larval weight, full grown larval weight, fifth instar larval duration, total /al duration, silk productivity, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon all ratio, number of cocoon per kg, cocoon yield per 10,000 worms, cocoon ment length, pupal weight, pupal duration, moth emergence, flacherie incidence. lereas, CSR-18 was superior in effective rate of rearing, per cent pupation, pal duration, fecundity, by recording lower grasserie incidence. Whereas, fifth instar larval duration was short in NB^D^ as compared to CSR-18 and R-19. Among the mulberry varieties, V-1 fed silkworms produced the highest chawki val weight, silk productivity, effective rate of rearing, cocoon and shell weight, coon shell ratio, least number of cocoon per kg, cocoon yield per 10,000 worms, iment length, pupal weight, per cent pupation, pupal duration, moth emergence, jundity, hatching percentage and least grasserie incidence. However, S-41 was par with V-1 in chawki larval weight, silk productivity, effective rate of rearing, coon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio, number of cocoon per kg, coon yield per 10,000 worms, filament length, pupal weight, per cent pupation, oth emergence and hatching percentage. S-41 was superior to S-54 and M-5 alberry varieties. Superior denier was recorded in M-5 fed silkworms."ThesisItem Open Access STORABILITY AND FIELD SPRAY OF BOTANICALS ON MULBERRY AND ITS EFFECT ON Bombyx mori L.(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Hipparagi, Gangappa D; Rayar, S G"Experiments were conducted to study the storability and field spray of botanicals on mulberry and its effect on silkworm economic traits. The storability of aqueous extract of Parthenium hysterophorus (20%) and Tridax procumbens (30%) was studied in normal, refrigerator and earthen pot storage for 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days. The extract of Parthenium and Tridax stored in refrigerator has recorded highest larval weight (36.59 g), cocoon weight (16.58 g), shell weight (2.72 g), pupal weight (14.36 g), cocoon shell ratio (18.35%), filament length (821 m), effective rate of rearing (78.80%) and cocoon yield (10.32 kg/25 dfl). It was followed by earthen pot and normal storage. Further, storing the Parthenium and Tridax extract upto fifteen days in refrigerator and earthen pot and one day in normal storage has recorded maximum larval weight (37.33, 36.73 and 34.78 g), cocoon weight (16.97, 16.09 and 15.51 g), shell weight (2.79, 2.70 and 2.70 g), c/s ratio (18.68, 18.30 and 17.41%), pupal weight (13.91, 13.11 and 12.86 g), filament length (871, 781 and 699 m), denier (2.30, 2.04 and 2.50), ERR (83.00, 77.80 and 70.70%), fecundity (549, 515 and 472), hatching (97.80, 97.10 and 96.90%) and cocoon yield/25dfl (10.81, 9.98 and 8.34 kg) respectively. Supplementation of aqueous extract of Parthenium (20%) and Tridax (30%) were found to be statistically on par and recorded maximum larval weight (34.90 and 34.69 g), cocoon weight (15.65 and 15.99 g), shell weight (2.65 and 2.62 g), pupal weight (12.83 and 13.05 g), cocoon shell ratio (18.00 and 17.60%), filament length (745 and 729 m), denier (2.45 and 2.47), ERR (72.90 and 75.30%), fecundit}- (514 and 484), hatching (95.80 and 96.10%) and cocoon yield (9.18 and 9.99 kg/25dfl) respectively as compared to water and absolute control. Irrespective of rearing season field spraying of aqueous extract of Lantana camara (30%) recorded significantly highest matured larval weight (31.13 g), cocoon weight (15.58 g), denier (2.72) and cocoon yield (11.68 kg/25dfl). While Parthenium hysterophous (30%) was superior in shell weight (2.90 g), cocoon shell ratio (19.52%), filament length (775.67 m), fecundity (534) and hatching (91.44%). Among the season, the botanicals were found to be significantly superior during rainy as compared to winter and summer. During rainy season the larval weight (32.88 g), ERR (77.88%), cocoon weight (16.73 g), pupal weight (13.52 g), filament length (755 m), fecundity (537) and cocoon yield (13.31 kg/25dfl) were superior over other rainy seasons."ThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF LEGUME INTERCROPPING IN PAIRED ROW OF MULBERRY ON SILKWORM(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2003) Hadimani, Durgappa K; Patil, G M"A field experiment was conducted at Main Research Station, Dhanvad from June to November, 2001 under irrigated conditions to study the impact of legume intercropping in paired row [(60+120 cm)x30 cm] of S41 mulberry and its effect on silkworm {Bombyx mori L.). There were seven treatment combinations with three legumes in two row proportions laidout in a randomized complete block design with three replications. A laboratory experiment was also conducted during rainy season (from 18""* August to 21st September, 2001), to study the silkworm growth and cocoon yield. At 60 days after pruning sole mulberry recorded significant increase in plant height (159.00 cm), number of branches (13.33/plant), number of leaves (121.41/plant), leaf area index (13.83) and leaf yield (295.48 g/plant and 10.93 t/ha/crop). Among the intercropping treatments, mulbeny'+soybean two rows (9.73 t/ha/crop) recorded significantly higher mulberr}' leaf 3'ield. Among the intercropped legumes, soybean three rows recorded significantly higher pod number (90.53/plant), hundred seed weight (11.44 g) and seed yield (1200 kg/ha). Performance of silkworm (NB4D2) showed non-significant difference with respect to larval characters. Silk productivity (4.81) and silk gland weight (1.57 g) were significantly higher in mulberry+soybean (three rows). 85.66 per cent ERR was recorded in mulberry+soybean (two rows). Cocoon yield and grainage parameters (except fecundity) were nonsignificant. Whereas, cocoon characters differed significantly. However, higher shell percentage (18.94) in mulberry+soybean (two rows), least denier (2.15) in mulberry+greengram (two rows) and mulberry+blackgram (two rows) and higher renditta (9.54) in mulberry+greengram (three rows) was recorded. The incidence of flacherie, grasserie and muscardine (all the instar worms) in intercropping treatments was less compared to sole mulberr} The overall average evaluation index value for all traits viz., silk gland weight, silk productivity, ERR, fecundity, shell ratio and renditta was higher in mulberry+three rows of soybean (50.12) while i t ^ a s least in sole mulberry (49.85). Mulberr>-+greengram three rows recordedsignificantly higher net returns (Rs.50,129/ha/crop) and B:C ratio (4.28)."ThesisItem Open Access EFFECT OF WET SHOOT FEEDING AND FREQUENCIES ON THE ECONOMIC TRAITS OF MULBERRY SILKWORM, Bombyx mori L.(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2003) Gangarathnamma, B S; Rayar, S G"The effect of wet shoot feeding and frequencies on the economic traits of silkworm, B om b y x m o r i L. was studied. The experiment was carried out during winter and summer season by using cross breed, Pure Mysore x NB^D^ silkworm and M-5, mulberry leaves. The chawki silkworms were fed with wetshootlet daily once, twice and thrice. While, late age silkworms were fed with wet cut shoot daily twice, thrice and four times and compared with standard feeding practices. The results revealed the superiority of wetshootlet and cut shoot feeding to chawki and late age silkworm by significantly improving all the economic traits studied over the standard feeding practices. The overall performance of both the rearing revealed the superiority of two times wetshootlet feeding at chawki + three times wet cut shoot feeding / day at late age and resutled in shorter chawki (251.96 h), fifth instar (166.50 h) and total larval (611.83 h) duration, highest chawki (1.527 g), mature larval (46.30 g) and pupal weight (18.72 g) and ERR (83.66%). Similarly, the treatment also recorded significantly highest cocoon yield / 10,000 worms (22.14 kg), cocoons per 1000 larvae (837), cocoon weight (23.07/10 cocoons), cocoon shell weight (4.317 g/10 shells), cocoon shell ratio (18.33%), silk productivity (6.253 cg/day), filament length (959.66 m), denier (2.58), renditta (7.23) and least defective cocoons (12.93%), grasserie (10.55%) and flacherie (10.91%) disease. While, the standard feeding practice of three normal shootlet feeding at chawki + three times normal cut shoot feeding / day at late age recorded significantly lesser values for all the above traits. Hence, it is concluded that, two times wet shootlet feeding at chawki + three times wet cut shoot feeding/day at late age, could be adopted in commercial rearing after large scale multilocation evaluation in the field."ThesisItem Open Access EFFECTIVE USE OF LIME AND BLEACHING POWDER AS SURFACE DISINFECTANTS FOR MULBERRY SILKWORM COCOON CROP SUCCESS(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2002) Shivashankar, N G; Vijayendra, MABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access PESTS OF SILKWORM GRAINAGE AND THEIR MANAGEMENT(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Shubha, M R; Raghunatha Reddy, D NABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access INFLUENCE OF MULBERRY LEAF MATURITY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF BmNPV(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2000) Shantha Kumar, K; Bhaskar, R NABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN CHILLI (Capsicum annuum L.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2002) Ukkund, Krishna; Patil, M P"Field investigation wth eight}""^ chilli accessions was undertaken to elicit information on genetic variabilit>% character association and path analysis. at Department of Olericulture, Kittur Rani Channamma College of Horticulture, Arabhavi during 2001-2002. Analysis of variance reveled highly significant (P=0.01) differences among treatments for twenty two out of twent^^ eight growth and jaeld characters in chilli. The values of genotj'pic and phenot5/pic co-efficient of variation were moderate for the characters like fruit set, fruits per plant, early, late and total fruit yield, fruit weight, fruit density, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, fresh and dr>' red chilli >aeld, indicating the existence of little variability^ in the germplasm evaluated. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance over mean were observed for plant height, plant spread, fruits per plant, late and total fruit jaeld, ten fruit weight, fruit density, fresh and dry red chilli >aeld indicating additive gene action for these traits. Therefore, selection for these traits would be gainful. Correlation studies revealed significant and positive association of yield with tertiar^'^ branches, fruit length, fruit girth, fruit number, fruit set, early and late fruit yield. The red chilli ^ield had highly significant and positive association with plant height, teriiory branches and fresh red chilli jdeld, suggesting possibility of simultaneous selection for these traits. Path analysis revealed that the direct selection on early and late fruit >aeld for total green chilli yield per plant, fresh red chilli ^deld and seed number per fruit for dry chilli >deld would be gainful as they had direct effect. Perse performance revealed that PMR-5, Byadgi Kaddi, 9646, Anagi and 9639 were found promising for green chilli >deld and PMR-5, 9639, 9646, VNa and Anagi for drS^ chilli >deld. Pant Ci, PMR-5, Hissar Shakti and 9646 were also found resistant against thrips, mites, aphids and fruit borer."ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON FEEDING METHODS AND FREQUENCIES ON V-1 HYBRID MULBERRY(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2002) Gowda, K T; Patil, R R"Victory-1, the newly evolved hybrid mulberry was evaluated for rearing performance of the Mulberry silkworm, Bombyx inori (L) (NBjD2) by adopting different feeding methods and frequencies at Department of Sericulture, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, during 1999-2001. V-1 recorded significantly lower total larval duration, less pupal duration and lower disease incidence as compared to S.v,. Larvae reared on V-1 consumed significantly more food than S.v,. V-1 was superior to S36 with respect to weight of 30 worms just before settling for third moult, maximum fifth instar ten larval weight, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell percentage, pupal weight, moth emergence, fecundity, hatching percentage, single cocoon bave length, silk filament weight, cocoon yield by number, cocoon yield/kg, denier, renditta and ERR The cost benefit ratio was higher with V-1 than S c >36 Among the feeding methods shoot rearing effected significantly lower total larval duration, lesser pupal duration and lower disease incidence as compared to shelf rearing Shoot rearing method induced more feeding than shelf rearing. Shoot rearing recorded significantly higher weight of 30 worms just before settling for third moult, maximum fifth instar ten larval weight, cocoon characters, pupal weight, grainage parameters, silk characters, ERR and cocoon yield. The cost benefit ratio was higher in shoot rearing method than shelf rearing method. Of the various feeding frequencies four feeds recorded significantly lower total larval duration, lesser pupal duration and lower disease incidence than single feed per day. Significantly higher leaf consumption was recorded in four feeds while one feed recorded lesser leaf consumption: Four feed frequency effected significantly highest weight of 30 worms just before settling for third moult, maximum fifth instar ten larval weight, cocoon characters, pupal weight, grainage parameters, silk characters, ERR and cocoon yield. However, based on the results of the present investigation irrespective of the varieties used three feed frequency is equally economical to that of four feeds particularly in areas of labour shortage."