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20153
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Subject: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology × Start date: 1961 × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    STUDIES ON PHENOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR BASIS OF ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN COTTON
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-06) YADAV SAGAR ASHOK; Dr. H. M. VAMADEVAIAH
    A study was conducted during 2013-14 in Agriculture Research Station, Dharwad Farm, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to validate abiotic stress tolerance in 27 genotypes of cotton on phenological, biochemical and molecular basis. Under salinity stress, reduction in seedlings fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root length and root dry weight was significantly less in JK-4 (G11), PH 1009 (G12) and RDT-17 (G10). In genotypes JK-4 (G11) and PH 1009 (G12) significantly high percent increase in nitrate reductase and peroxidase activity was observed under salinity stress. Under moisture stress transcription factors (TF) showed alterations in the expression level. All TF genes were up-regulated in 5433 A2 A03 N83 (G16), PH 1009 (G12) and 211412 W247-85-D14-26 (G25) and while in CCH 1831 (G19) it showed down-regulation. The genotypes studied differed widely in their response to abiotic stress exhibiting that different genotypes may have different adaptation levels against abiotic stress. From phenological, biochemical and molecular studies it can be concluded that genotypes PH 1009 (G12), JK-4 (G11), 5433 A2 A03 N83 (G16) and RDT-17 (G10) are tolerant to abiotic stress and such tolerant genotypes can thus be used in introgression breeding by further confirmation.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    MOLECULAR AND PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION OF RICE NEAR ISOGENIC LINES (NILs) WITH Pi2 AND Pi5 GENES IN BPT5204 BACKGROUND FOR BLAST RESISTANCE
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-05) DNYANESHWAR B. DESHMUKH; Dr. PRASHANTHI S. K.
    Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Couch-Kohn) is one of the most serious, widespread and destructive diseases of rice. Thirty four M. oryzae isolates were analysed for morphological and molecular diversity. Transposable element Pot2 based fingerprint profile grouped 34 isolates into cluster-1 and 2 which shared low similarity value of 0.03. Molecular diversity was noticed in leaf and neck blast pathogen populations collected within location and varieties. Near isogenic lines (NILs) of BPT5204 developed by marker assisted backcross breeding (MABB) were characterized for blast resistance genes viz., Pi2, Pi5 and recurrent parent alleles by using molecular markers. Out of 74 RM markers screened for back ground analysis, 42 markers were polymorphic between IRBLz5-M (Pi5 donor) and BPT5204 and forty markers were polymorphic between ‘C101A51’ (Pi2 donor) and BPT5204. In NILs with Pi2 gene recurrent parent genome (RPG%) varied from 66.66 (DHA-5) to 90.27% (DHA-17). In NILs with Pi5 gene RPG% ranged from Pi5 gene RPG ranged from 71.95% (DHB-29 and DHB-32) to 91.46% (DHB-1 and DHB-19). NILs were field evaluated for blast resistance, yield and yield related traits at different locations. In screening for blast resistance under multi-locations, NILs showed resistant (1 - 3 grade) to moderately resistant (4-5 grade) reaction. Positive correlation was observed for yield per hectare with thousand grain weight, number of tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, grain yield per plant and number of grains per panicle traits in NILs. Grain quality tests viz., kernel length/ kernel breadth ratio, amylose content, gelatinization temperature, grain chalkiness and alkali spreading value were performed. Combined analysis of morpho-agronomic performance and grain quality parameters showed that NILs with Pi2 gene, DHA-1, 2, 10, 16, 17 and 20 and NILs with Pi5 gene, DHB-1, 9, 18, 21, 28 and 31 were found to be on par with BPT5204.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    EVALUATION OF INTROGRESSION LINES FOR PRODUCTIVITY TRAITS AND RESISTANCE TO LATE LEAF SPOT AND RUST AND AN INITIATIVE TOWARDS MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSSING IN TMV 2 IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad, 2015-03) SONALI A. PARATWAGH; Dr. RAMESH S. BHAT
    Seventy eight introgression lines (ILs) from three populations (ICGS 76 × ISATGR 278-18, DH 86 × ISATGR 278-18 and DH 86 × ISATGR 5B) involving late leaf spot (LLS) and rust susceptible varieties (ICGS 76 and DH 86) and disease resistant synthetic allotetraploids (ISATGR 278-18 and ISATGR 5B) were screened for LLS and rust resistance and productivity traits during 2013 kharif. ILs differed significantly for most of the disease resistance and productivity traits. High variability, heritability and genetic advance over mean were recorded for LLS score, rust score and pod yield (kg/ha). Significant positive association was found between the occurrence of LLS and rust. Pod yield (kg/ha), pod yield per plant, number of pods per plant and test weight showed significant negative correlation with the severity of LLS and rust. Productivity traits were significantly and positively correlated with each other. Majority of the ILs showed medium pod constriction and medium pod reticulation along with slight pod beak. Two and five lines superior to ICGS 76 and DH 86, respectively selected. Of the seven, three ILs [4 (8-2), 12 (8-10) and 5 (5-7)] were also superior over GPBD 4. The selected superior lines carried resistance allele at majority of the LLS and rust resistance-linked marker loci. These ILs with high level of resistance to LLS and rust and high productivity can be considered for variety release trials or as donor in breeding programmes. An effort towards marker assisted backcross breeding (MABC) was initiated in TMV 2 for improving LLS and rust resistance by screening the markers for polymorphism. TMV2 and GPBD 4 (donor) showed polymorphism for both LLS and rust (GM2009, IPAHM103, GM1954, GM1536, GM2301 and GM2079) resistance-linked SSR markers, which can be used for foreground selection. Of the 294 background AhTE markers, 42 (14.28%) were polymorphic, which can be employed for background selection in MABC of TMV 2.