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ThesisItem Open Access Marital Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction Among Primary School Teachers in Rural and Urban Areas of Roorkee Taluk (Uttarakhand) and Dharwad Taluk (Karnataka)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Pooja; Yenagi, Ganga V.The study was conducted to know the levels of marital satisfaction and job satisfaction and their influencing factors among primary school teachers in rural and urban areas of Roorkee taluk (Uttarakhand) and Dharwad taluk (Karnataka) in College of Community Science, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad in 2017-18. The socio-economic status of the teachers was assessed by socio-economic status scale. The marital satisfaction scale and job satisfaction scale were used to assess the marital satisfaction and job satisfaction of teachers. Majority of the primary teachers had significantly higher level of marital satisfaction (84.16 %) and job satisfaction (78.75 %) in Roorkee and Dharwad taluk. Roorkee teachers indicated higher marital satisfaction as compared to Dharwad teachers. Rural teachers exhibited higher marital satisfaction as compared to urban teachers. With respect to job satisfaction, urban teachers had higher job satisfaction as compared to rural teachers. It revealed that male teachers had higher marital satisfaction and lower job satisfaction as compared to their female counterparts. Factors like educational qualification, socio-economic status, length of marriage, work experience and monthly salary of teachers had positive and significant relationship with marital satisfaction. In case of job satisfaction factors like socio-economic status, family income, work experience and monthly salary had positive and significant relationship while educational qualification of the teachers had negative and significant relationship with job satisfaction. It also revealed a positive and significant relationship between marital satisfaction and job satisfaction of primary school teachers. Since, job satisfaction among male teachers was low, measures should be taken into consideration which promote their job satisfaction. As female teachers were having lower marital satisfaction, intervention studies are suggested.ThesisItem Open Access Stress, Parenting and Mental Health Among Intact and Single Parent Families(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Chanda, Krutika; Pujar, LataThe study on stress, parenting and mental health among intact and single parent families was conducted in University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during 2016-18. The objectives of present study are the prevalence of alternative families in rural and urban areas of Dharwad and Bidar district; know the stress, parenting, parenting stress, mental health, child adjustment and child’s behavior among intact and single parent families; development of package on stress management and impact assessment of intervention program. The prevalence study was conducted on 1600 respondents from Bidar and Dharwad district found that majority of the families belonged to nuclear followed by single parent and joint families. Based on the prevalence results 240 mothers from intact families and 240 single mothers were selected from rural and urban areas of Bidar and Dharwad district. The qualitative research was done on 14 respondents. The major reason for singlehood in both the districts were widowhood (71.67% and 67.50%), separation (16.66% and 22.50%) and divorce (11.67% and 10 %). The problems faced by single mothers are emotional and financial problem. While the children and parents are the major support system for single mothers. Majority of single mothers had high stress, medium level of parenting stress, average in parenting and mental health status. There was significant association between the levels of stress and mental health among intact and single mothers of both districts. There was no significant difference found between the urban and rural children of intact and single parent families with child adjustment and behavioral problems. There was significant difference found between stress and anxiety level before and after the intervention program. Thus the intervention program was found to be effective in reducing the stress and anxiety levels of single mothers.ThesisItem Open Access Parenting: Predictors of Infant Mental Health and Intervention(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Bhat, Pavitra; Khadi, Pushpa B.The effect of parenting on mental health of rural and urban infants of Dharwad taluk revealed a prevalence of an alarming percentage of infants ‘at risk for mental health’; with 22.5 per cent ‘at risk’ and 12 per cent who ‘needed monitoring’ in urban Dharwad, whereas in rural Dharwad, 23.95 per cent ‘needed monitoring’ and 21.87 per cent were ‘at risk’. Mental health of rural infants was significantly influenced by infant’s age, ordinal position, infant temperament, maternal parenting quality, positive co-parenting, maternal temperament and adult child ratio. The urban mothers were significantly high on parenting quality, marital satisfaction and positive co-parenting. Infant mental health and maternal parenting quality of rural mothers was significantly correlated with 77.8 per cent variation determined by these selected factors. The phenomenological approach and narrative analysis of in-depth interviews revealed the essence of parenting, mothering as unique experience, ‘fathering’ through the mother’s lens and efforts in shaping parenthood. The sample comprised of 80 each rural and urban mother-infant dyads with infants in the age group of 6-30 months; 20 mother-infant dyads drawn equally from the infant age cohorts of 6 – 12, 13-18, 19- 24 and 25 – 30 months. The infants were screened for mental health risk using standard measures and parenting was measured through the analysis of video recordings of the interactions (play and clean up activity) of mother-infant dyads in their natural settings for duration of 12 – 15 minutes; using observations and Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (2006). In-depth analysis was on a sub sample of 97 mother-infant dyads focusing infant/child and adult temperament, parenting stress, maternal marital satisfaction, co-parenting using standard measures and nutritional status of infants through anthropometry. Intervention on ‘sensitive parenting’ comprising of ten sessions (two hours each) was provided to 36 mothers; which significantly increased the parenting knowledge, attitude and practices.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Social Maturity on Personality Traits of Urban and Rural High School Students(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Nadaf, Fatima A.; Patil, ManjulaA study on “Influence of social maturity on personality traits of urban and rural high school students” was undertaken during 2017-2018 in University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad Karnataka on 480 students of urban and rural kannada medium high schools of Dharwad taluk. Social maturity scale was used to assess the social maturity. Millon adolescent personality inventory was used to assess the personality traits. The socio-economic status scale was used to measure the personal and familial factors. Results showed that, majority of the urban and rural high school students showed moderate behavior on social maturity. Social maturity was higher for urban students than rural students. Girls from both urban and rural area had higher social maturity when compared to boys. First borns and 10th standard students in urban area reported higher social maturity. Children of educated mothers possessed higher social maturity. With personality traits, urban students were high on introversive and cooperative personality traits. Rural students were high on inhibited, respectful and sensitive personality traits. Girls were high on cooperative, confident and forceful personality traits than boys. First borns in urban area were high on cooperative and forceful personality traits. Type of school was significantly associated with inhibited, cooperative, sociable, and confident personality traits in rural area. Where, private school students were high on inhibited personality trait and government school students were high on confident and forceful personality traits. There was a significant positive relationship between social maturity and cooperative, confident and respectful personality traits. In rural students, social maturity was positively correlated with confident personality trait and negatively correlated with introversive and sensitive personality traits. So, parents, teachers and administrators have to know about the personality of their children and for students to help them in building a well balanced personality.ThesisItem Open Access Adaptive Behaviour Among Visually Impaired Children(University of Agriculture Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Balligeri, Shambhavi; Hunshal, SaraswatiA study on “Adaptive behaviour among visually impaired children” was carried out in College Of Community Science, University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad during 2016-18 in two cities of Karnataka. The sample for the study comprised 160 visually impaired children in the age range of 10-19 years who were attending special schools in Belagavi and Hubballi cities. Adaptive behaviour assessment system-II edition teacher form (Harrisson and Oakland, 2007) was used to assess the adaptive behaviour of visually impaired children, school environment scale (Agarwal and Pandey, 2017) was used to assess the influence of school environment and children’s perception of parenting scale (Pyari and Karla, 2007) was employed to assess influence of their parents parenting on adaptive behaviour. Further socio economic status (SES) scale (Aggarwal et al., 2005) was used to assess socioeconomic status of the children. The results of the study revealed that children with different types of visual impairment differed significantly with respect to all three dimensions such as conceptual, social, practical as well as overall adaptive behaviour where in congenitally blind children were found better in adaptive behaviour as compared to adventitious blind children. Further results indicated that, among child factors studied, age and onset of visual impairment had significant influence on adaptive behaviour. Among parental factors, education and occupation of parents had significant influence on adaptive behaviour similarly among familial factors, size of the family had significant influence on adaptive behaviour of children. Further school environment of children in which the dimensions such as, physical conditions of the school and functions of teacher had significant influence on adaptive behaviour similarly with respect to children’s perception of parenting, democratic and accepting style of parenting had significant influence on adaptive behaviour of visually impaired children.ThesisItem Open Access Influence of Socio-Demographic Factors and Parenting on Language Development of Rural and Urban Young Children (24-42 Months)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Hegde, Priya Ramesh; Khadi, Pushpa B.Influence of socio-demographic factors and parenting on language development was studied on a sample of 240 mother-child dyads (24 to 42 months) drawn from rural and urban areas of Dharwad taluk during 2017-2018 in University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad. Differential and correlation design was employed. Language sub scale of Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development was administered to children. Parenting, temperament and socio-economic status were assessed by standard measures. General information schedule and self structured questionnaire on media usage and adult’s involvement in child’s activities were used. Significant difference was observed in levels of language development in rural and urban young children. Higher percentage of rural children were in below average level whereas urban children were in average and above average level. Age, gender, ordinal position, age at entry to Early Childhood Care Education and attendance significantly influenced language development. Female children were significantly high on language development in rural area. Nutritional status positively impacted language development where in children with normal level of nutrition scored higher than under nourished. Surgency (child temperament) was significantly positively correlated with language development. Parental factors such as father’s age, parents’ education, parents’ occupation significantly influenced language development. Familial factors such as socio-economic status, adult-child ratio, media usage and adults involvement in child’s activities significantly influenced language development whereas type of family and sibling size were significantly associated with language development in rural area. In both rural and urban area, parenting was of medium level followed by high and low levels with urban mothers scoring higher on parenting than rural. Parenting was found to significantly influence language development with children experiencing high parenting quality showing advancement in language development. Hence the need to provide early intervention for parents to educate them regarding positive parenting and to promote early language development in children.ThesisItem Open Access Emotional Competence and Marital Satisfaction Among Hindu and Muslim School Teachers(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-07) Hungund, Nagma; Yadav, V.S.ThesisItem Open Access Interrelation of Emotional Intelligence, Personality and Life Satisfaction Among Elderly(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-07) Panda, Pragnya Priyadarshini; Yadav, V.S.The study on “ Interrelation of emotional intelligence, personality and life satisfaction among elderly” was conducted on 140 elderly, 70 each from rural and urban aged 60 and above years selected randomly from Dharwad and Cuttack districts during 2016-17. Emotional intelligence questionnaire (Dulewicz and Higgs, 2001), Big five factors personality inventory (John et al., 1991), Life satisfaction tool (Ram Murthy,1978) and Socioeconomic status scale (Aggarwal et al., 2005) were administered individually and in group to collect the data. The data were subjected to percentages, t-test, chi -square and correlation analyses. The results revealed that male and female elderly were similar in emotional intelligence, big five factors of personality and in life satisfaction. Majority of elderly were average or high in emotional intelligence, big five factors of personality and life satisfaction. Elderly from Dharwad and Cuttack were differed in emotional intelligence, big five factors of personality and in life satisfaction. Elderly from rural area of Dharwad were distinctively higher intuitiveness, influence and emotional resilience but elderly from urban of Cuttack better on conscientiousness and emotional intelligence. Correspondingly, elderly from rural area of Cuttack were distinctively higher in conscientiousness, interpersonal sensitivity, motivation and emotional intelligence and also elderly from urban area of Cuttack were better in conscientiousness, intuitiveness, influence, interpersonal sensitivity, motivation, emotional resilience and self-awareness. Subsequently, rural elderly from Dharwad were better in extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness and emotional stability but it is reversed in case of Cuttack elderly. Urban elderly of Dharwad and Cuttack were better in life satisfaction. Socio-economic status was related to emotional intelligence, big five factors of personality and life satisfaction. Emotional intelligence, big five factors of personality and life satisfaction were interrelated.ThesisItem Open Access Marriage Readiness During Late Adolescence in Rural and Urban Areas(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-07) Netravati Dali F.; Yenagi, Ganga V.Marriage readiness during late adolescence in rural and urban areas was assessed in Dharwad and Mudhol taluks of Karnataka state during 2016-2017 on a sample of 360 college students from urban and rural areas during late adolescence (18 to 21 years). A sample of 180 students was taken from UAS Dharwad - B.Sc. (Agriculture), B.Sc. (Agriculture Marketing) and B.Sc. (Home Science) and 180 students of B.Sc., B.A. and B.Com. were selected from Mudhol colleges. General information was collected from late adolescence on factors such as age, gender, ordinal position, religion, caste, type of family, size of the family, education, marital status of siblings, sources of information regarding marriage, education and occupation of parents’ and socio-economic status. Marriage readiness was assessed using personal readiness for marriage scale by Holman. Socio-economic status scale of Aggarwal was used. More than fifty per cent of B.Sc. (Agriculture Marketing) and 50 per cent of B.Com. adolescents exhibited moderate level of marriage readiness. There was a significant difference between adolescents of different degree programmes on marriage readiness. Fifty one per cent of rural and 45 per cent of urban adolescents possessed moderate level of marriage readiness. There was a significant difference in rural and urban areas on marriage readiness. Adolescents of 20-21 year age group had higher level of marriage readiness than 18-19 years. Females had higher level of marriage readiness as compared to males. First borns exhibited higher level of marriage readiness than second and later borns. Information given by relatives had significantly contributed towards marriage readiness. Parents’ education and occupation had significant association with marriage readiness. Socio- economic status had significant association with marriage readiness. Adolescents belonging to upper middle class possessed higher level of marriage readiness than lower middle class and high class. Hence, intervention is important to enhance marriage readiness of adolescents.
