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Open Access
Genetic Diversity Studies for Morphological Traits in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-08) Patil, Manjunath; Angadi, S.G.
Clusterbean genotypes collected from different regions of India were evaluated in agumented design, with three checks replicated in each block to study the genetic variability, genetic divergence, per se performance, correlation and path analysis at Floriculture unit, Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during kharif 2015. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (at P=0.01) difference among genotypes for all seventeen characters studied. Broad genetic base was evident as the value of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variance was high for plant height, Number of branches, pod length, pods per plant, no of seeds per pod, yield per plant and seed yield per hectare. High heritability coupled with genetic advance over mean was observed for plant height at 90 DAS, Number of branches, leaf area, pod length at 60 DAS, Number of pods per plant, Number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, vegetable pod yield per plant and total seed yield per hectare which indicated predominance of additive gene actions for these traits. Correlation studies revealed significant and positive association of total seed yield per hectare with plant height, leaf area and Number of pods per plant. Path analysis for total seed yield per hectare revealed that secondary branches and days to 50 per cent flowering are being chief contributing characters at phenotypic level. The genetic divergence studies using K-means statistics grouped thirty five genotypes of clusterbean into five groups. Maximum inter-cluster distance was between clusters I and III. Among the seventeen characters included in K-means analysis, total seed yield per hectare contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by seed yield per plant and pod yield per plant. A few of the most promising genotypes evolved from present study for vegetable pod yield and seed yield were GR-9, GR-4, GR-29 and GR-26.
Open Access
Micropropagation Studies in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) CV. Kesar
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-08) Malawadi, Vitthal S.; Patil, S.S.
An investigation carried out on micropropagation studies in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Kesar during 2014-16 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. An efficient protocol developed for rapid shoot multiplication of pomegranate cv. Kesar using nodal segment derived from young and healthy plantlets. Shoot development was induced from nodal segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with BAP 0.6 and 1.0 mg l-1, NAA 0.2 and 0.4 mg l-1, kinetin 1.0 and 2.0 mg l-1 and BAP 0.6 mg l-1 + kinetin 1.0 mg l-1 and BAP 1.0 mg l-1 + kinetin 2.0 mg l-1 were cytokinin significantly induced shoot proliferation. The maximum number of shoots (5.63 shoots per explant) developed on a medium containing BAP 1.0 mg l-1 + kinetin 2.0 mg l-1. Shoot culture was established by repeatedly sub-culturing the original nodal segment on a fresh batch of the same medium after each harvest of the newly formed shoots. In vitro raised shoots were cultured on a fresh medium for further multiplication. Shoots formed in vitro were rooted on MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1, IBA 0.5, 1.0 mg l-1 and IBA 0.5 mg l-1 + NAA 0.5 mg l-1 and IBA 1.0 mg l-1 + NAA 1.0 mg l-1. However, a medium containing IBA 0.5 mg l-1 + NAA 0.5 mg l-1 resulted significantly in lesser number of days taken for rooting (21.50), more number of root per shoots (4.64) and highest root length (4.60 cm). In vitro rooted shootlets were successfully acclimated in coco-peat with a maximum survival (87.67 %) and finally established in soil: compost (1:1) medium.
Open Access
Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies in Onion (Allium cepa L.)
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-09) Basavana Gowda G.A.; Patil, R.V.
An investigation was conducted in the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dharwad to study the heterosis and combining ability studies in onion (Allium cepa L.) with the objectives of identifying good general combiners and to assess the magnitude of heterosis for seventeen characters and to know the performance of hybrids. In the present investigation 54 entries have been evaluated (13 parents : 40 hybrids : 1 commercial check). Performance of hybrids like GKD-75 x Line-13 (11.83 t/ha), Kumata local x Line-13 (10.57 t/ha), ASKO-1201 x Cross-5 (9.60 t/ha) and Kumata local x cross-5 (8.88 t/ha) for the marketable yield was better than commercial check – Bhima Shakti (6.55 t/ha). These expressed considerable magnitude of heterosis over commercial check for yield. The top yielding entries [GKD-75 x Line-13 (4.013), ASKO-1201 x Cross-5 (2.431) and Kumata local x Line-13 (2.258)] involved positive (significant) x positive (significant) general combiner. Variance due to GCA and SCA was significant for the yield trait, indicating the involvement of both additive and non additive gene action. However, the estimates of SCA were higher than GCA variances indicating predominance of non-additive gene action in controlling the inheritance of this trait during kharif season. Marketable yield is the ultimate and most important trait. The performance of hybrids for marketable yield point to entries like ASKO-1299 x GKD-77 (26.80 t/ha), ASKO-1201 x Line-13 (26.25 t/ha), Bhima Shakti x Line-13 (26.25 t/ha), ASKO-1201 x GKD-77 (26.20 t/ha) and Bhima Shakti x cross-5 (24.65 t/ha) are statistically at par with commercial check [Bhima Shakti (24.6 t/ha)]. Expressed considerable magnitude of heterosis over commercial check for yield. For marketable yield, significant positive SCA effect for this trait was exhibited by cross ASKO-1299 x GKD-77 (5.602) which involved positive (non significant) x positive (significant) general combiner. This was followed by Bhima Shakti x Line-13 (5.207) which involved negative (significant) x positive (significant) general combiner. Variance due to SCA was significant indicating the involvement of non additive gene action during rabi season.
Open Access
Studies on Integrated Nutrient Management in Red Cabbage Grown Under Shade House Condition
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-10) Koppad, Shruti; Mantur, S.M.
A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2015-16 at Hi-Tech Horticulture Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad to investigate the “Studies on integrated nutrient management in red cabbage grown under shade house condition”. The treatments consists of three levels of recommended dose of fertilizer that is 100 % (100:150:125 kg NPK/ha) and 75 % (75:112:75 kg NPK/ha) and 50 % RDF (50:75:62.5 kg NPK/ha), three levels of recommended dose of nitrogen (100 %, 50 % and 50 % RDN) provided through FYM and vermicompost and bio-fertilizers (Azotobactor and PSB). Among the various treatments, maximum plant height (35.36 cm), number of leaves (21.10), plant spread (69.64 cm), stalk length (9.85 cm), diameter of head (13.76 cm) at harvest, minimum days taken for head initiation (35.92 days), average head weight (845 g), head yield (37.18 t ha-1), photosynthetic rate (25.78 µ mol of CO2 m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (8.94 m mol of H2O m-2 s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.30 m mol CO2 m-2s-1) was recorded in the treatment receiving 75 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 25 per cent RDN + Azotobactor + PSB. Higher vitamin C content (35.12 mg/100 g) was recorded in treatment receiving 50 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 50 per cent RDN + Azotobactor + PSB. Maximum content of vitamin A (0.58 mg/100 g) and dietary fibre (2.60 g/100 g) was recorded in the treatment receiving 75 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 25 per cent RDN + Azotobactor + PSB. The treatment T11 receiving 75 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 25 per cent RDN recorded higher available N, P and K after harvest. Higher gross return (Rs. 7,43,600) net return (Rs. 6,01,980) and benefit cost ratio (4.25) was recorded in treatment receiving 75 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 25 per cent RDN + Azotobactor + PSB.
Open Access
Genetic Studies in the F2 and F3 Generations of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Batagi, Bharatesh; Mathad, J.C.
The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2015 and rabi, 2015-16 to assess the genetic variability, correlation, path coefficient analysis and to identify superior genotypes for yield in F2 and F3 generations of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The experimental material consisted of five parents (Arka Abha, DMT-2, DMT-3, BFL and IMP-B), three F2 populations (Arka Abha x DMT-3, BFL x DMT-3 and IMP-B x DMT-2) and their corresponding F3 populations. Considerable amount of variability was noticed for the 10 quantitative characters in all the three F2 and F3 populations of tomato. High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance over mean was observed for most of the yield attributing characters. It was found that for all the characters under study PCV and GCV of F2 populations were higher than F3 populations. Fruit yield per plant had highly significant positive association with plant height, primary branches, number of clusters per plant, number of fruits per cluster, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight and locules in all the three F2 populations, revealing that selection based on these traits would ultimately improve the fruit yield. The superior segregants were identified based on mean plus one and mean plus two standard deviation in both F2 and F3 generations. The progeny number 61-31-4, 182-32-1 and 136-27-5 were promising as they had all desirable traits in the F3 population of the crosses Arka Abha x DMT-3, BFL x DMT-3 and IMP-B x DMT-2 respectively. Selection within these progenies in further generations will help in isolating superior genotypes.
Open Access
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management in Cherry Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) Under Shade House Condition
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Atapatakar, Babu; Patil, S.S.
A experiment was conducted in the shade house located at the Hi-tech Horticulture unit, Saidapur farm, Main Agriculture Research Station (MARS), UAS, Dharwad during rabi 2015 to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management in cherry tomato under shade house condition. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 12 treatments in three replications. The variety used in this experiment was HAT-121 and duration of this crop was five month. The experimental results revealed that, treatment T11 (Azospirillum + PSB + 75 % RDF + FYM + Vermicompost) recorded higher plant height (249.48 cm), branches per plant (63.67) and leaves per plant (445.73) at harvest. This treatment also recorded higher fruit yield (47.81 t ha-1), number of flower clusters per plant (15.00), number of flowers per cluster (15.67), number of fruits per cluster (14.50), per cent fruit set (92.57), average fruit weight (8.50 g), fruit yield per plant (1.85 kg) and fruit yield per m2 (6.83 kg), TSS (8.1 0brix), ascorbic acid (24.0 mg per 100 g) and shelf life (22.1 days). The nutrient uptake of N (251.87 kg ha-1), P (43.63 kg ha-1), K (261.47 ha-1), the gross returns (` 9,56,158.93 ha-1), net returns (` 6,34,195.68 ha-1) and cost benefit ratio (1:3.0) was significantly higher in the same treatment as compared to other treatments. All these growth, yield, quality, nutrient uptake and economic parameters were lowest with application of Azospirillum + PSB + FYM and vermicompost equivalent to 100 % RDN (T12). The results of present investigation indicated that growing of cherry tomato with application of Azospirillum + PSB + 75 % RDF + FYM + Vermicompost was found profitable.
Open Access
Effect of Planting Geometry and Plant Nutrition on Growth, Yield and Quality of Red Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) Under Shade House Condition
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Pattar, Manohar G.; Bagali, A.N.
A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of planting geometry and plant nutrition on growth, yield and quality of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) under shade house condition at College of Agriculture Vijayapur, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, during kharif 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in complete randomized block design with factorial concept with nine treatment combinations comprising of three levels each of spacing and fertilizer and replicated thrice. The red cabbage head yield of 36.0 t ha-1 was achieved with the closer spacing of 45 cm x 30 cm compared to 45 cm x 45 cm (26.3 t ha-1) and 45 cm x 60 cm (23.5 t ha-1). Closer spacing of 45 cm x 30 cm also realised higher net returns ( . 4, 20, 408 ha-1) with B: C ratio of 2.4. Application of fertilizer at the rate of 200:150:175 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 produced significantly higher head yield (30.40 t ha-1) compared to 175:125:150 (28.5 t ha-1) and 150:100:125 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 (26.85 t ha-1). Higher fertilizer dose also resulted in higher net return ( 3, 47, 614 ha-1) with B: C ratio of 2.3. The planting geometry of 45 cm x 30 cm along with fertilizer application of 200:150:175 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1 recorded significantly higher head yield (40.5 t ha-1) which can be recommended for commercial red cabbage cultivation in northern Karnataka under shade house condition.
Open Access
Genetic Variability and Mutational Studies in Vegetable Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub]
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Swati; Shashidhar, T.R.
Cluster bean genotypes were evaluated at Main Agricultural Research station, UAS, Dharwad, during 2014-2016, to study the genetic variability, correlation, path analysis, genetic divergence and it was also aimed towards yield improvement in two genotypes (S.W and Selection-2) of cluster bean through induced mutagenesis using chemical (EMS- 0.1 %, 0.2 % and 0.3 %) and physical mutagen (gamma rays 10, 20 and 30 kR). High heritability coupled with genetic advance over mean was observed for most of traits. Correlation studies revealed significant and positive association of vegetable pod yield per hectare with number of branches, pods per cluster, pods per plant, pod length and pod yield per plant. Path analysis for vegetable pod yield per hectare revealed that the parameters viz., pods per cluster, pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod and yield per plant were chief contributing characters at genotypic level. The genetic divergence studies using Mahalanobis D2 statistics grouped twenty four genotypes of cluster bean into five groups. Cluster II showed maximum intra cluster distance and maximum inter cluster distance was between clusters II and IV. Among the ten characters included in D2 analysis, yield per plant contributed maximum towards genetic divergence followed by plant height. The most promising genotypes evolved from present study for vegetable pod yield were S.W and Selection-2. The germination and survivability percentage of two genotypes decreased with increase in dose of gamma rays and EMS treatment where as lethality was found increased with increasing doses of gamma rays and EMS treatment. The maximum frequency of xantha, chlorina, viridis and albina mutants was high in higher doses of gamma rays and EMS. Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were highest at higher doses of gamma rays and EMS.
Open Access
Integrated Nutrient Management Studies for Protected Cultivation of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.)
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Goutam Kumar; Biradar, M.S.
An experiment was conducted under shade house condition at Hi-Tech Horticulture, Unit Main Agriculture Research Station, University of Agriculture Science, Dharwad during rabi season of 2015-16 to study the influence of integrated nutrient management practices (INM) on growth, yield, quality of broccoli. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with two replications and 14 treatments. The treatment receiving 75 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 25 per cent RDN + AZT + PSB recorded the higher vegetative growth with maximum plant height, plant spread, stalk length, number of leaves per plant, chlorophyll content and also yield and attributes such as curd weight, curd diameter, days to curd initiation, yield per meter square and yield per hectare. Application of 75 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 25 per cent RDN+ AZT + PSB also registered significantly superior quality with high vitamin A, vitamin C and protein composition. Significant higher available N, P and K nutrient and their uptake by plant were recorded in treatment receiving 75 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 25 per cent RDN + AZT + PSB. The high B:C ratio of 4.13 was recorded in 75 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 25 per cent RDN + AZT + PSB (T11). However, the treatment having 50 per cent RDF + FYM and VC (1:1) equivalent to 50 per cent RDN + AZT + PSB (T9) is on par with T11. Hence, there is further reduce of 25 per cent of NPK and this finding can be used in making broccoli cultivation profitable and sustainable under protected condition.

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