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Thesis

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2014 - 201679
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2016 × Start date: 2014 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: M.Sc ×
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Now showing 1 - 9 of 79
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    Heterosis and Combining Ability Studies for Yield and Baby Corn Traits in Maize (Zea mays L.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Bhat, Lasya; Deshpande, S.K.
    Baby corn is the ear of maize plant harvested at immature (unfertilized) stage. Despite high demand and market potential, very little information is available on breeding strategies followed for improvement in baby corn. Hence, this investigation was undertaken to evaluate field corn 50 inbreds and 55 hybrids (generated from eleven lines identified for baby corn traits and five testers using line x tester design) for baby corn and grain yield traits and also to study heterosis and combining ability. PDM-24-3 and PDM-53 were superior inbreds for the baby corn traits. PDM-112-2 and PDM-56-2 were superior for grain yield and related traits. HKI-163 x BLSB-5, PDM-112-2 x BLSB-5 and CM-150-Y-1 x BLSB-5 were the superior crosses for baby corn traits. CM-136-1 x NK 6240 M-2 followed by CM-150-Y-1 x PDM-260-2 and PDM-6571 x PDM-167-1 were the superior combinations for grain yield. The combination, HKI-163 x BLSB-5 was good for both baby corn and grain yield. Based on pooled combining ability, lines HKI-163 and PDM-112-2 and tester BLSB-5 were the excellent combiners for baby corn traits and PDM-112-2 x BLSB-5 was the best combination. For grain yield and related traits, the lines CM-136-1 and CM-150-Y-1 and tester CM-135-1 were excellent combiners. Among the hybrids CM-136-1 x NK 6240 M-2 was the best specific combination for grain yield. The superior combinations based on pooled sca value for baby corn traits, viz., HKI-163 x BLSB-5, PDM-112-2 x BLSB-5 involved the parents representing different heterotic groups based on SCA_PY (Specific Combining Ability combined line Pedigree and hybrid Yield) and HSGCA (Heterotic group’s Specific and General Combining Ability) methods.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Diversity Studies for Durable Leaf Rust Resistance in Wheat
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Shalini D.N.; Kamatar, M.Y.
    Leaf rust is the major disease which causes much yield losses to wheat crop worldwide. Genetic resistance is the most economical and effective method for the control of the disease. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken during rabi 2015-16 in Dharwad under both natural and epiphytotic conditions using 500 genotypes to know the extent of disease development. The 500 genotypes were screened for presence of slow rusting genes in laboratory. Of the 500 genotypes, 9.8 per cent had Lr34 gene, 20.6 per cent had Lr46, 22 per cent had Lr68 and 3.8 per cent had Lr67. The 500 genotypes were evaluated under field condition indicate the presence of 57 slow rusting genotypes. Three gene combination of Lr34, Lr46 and Lr68 was observed in UP 262 whereas HYB 65 carried other combination of Lr46, Lr68 and Lr67. Combination of Lr34+Lr46+Lr68 produced higher yield than Lr46+Lr68+Lr67 which can be utilized in durable resistance breeding. Tetraploid wheat and hexaploid wheat genotypes were grouped separately into eight and thirteen clusters respectively using K-means cluster analysis. Cluster V of tetraploid genotypes recorded highest cluster mean values for thousand grain weight (43.93 g) and grain yield (81.30 g) whereas in hexaploid genotypes cluster VI recorded highest cluster mean values for thousand grain weight (39.2 g) and cluster III recorded highest grain yield (87.02 g) which suggested that genotypes from these clusters can be used to get superior segregants for these traits. Number of seeds per spike and grain yield recorded high heritability estimates in hexaploid genotypes whereas in tetraploid genotypes days to flowering, spike length, thousand grain weight and grain yield recorded high heritability coupled with high GAM in both natural and epiphytotic conditions indicating presence of additive gene action which helps in deciding the scope of improvement through selection for the development of superior varieties.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Stability Analysis in Advanced Breeding Lines and Bruchid Resistance Studies in Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-08) Vishwanathreddy K.H.; Deshpande, S.K.
    An experiment was carried out involving twenty seven promising advanced breeding lines which were in F6 generation and three promising germplasm lines of cowpea along with four checks viz., DCS-47-1, DC-15, C-152 and DC-16 at three diverse locations to assess the stability of genotypes. According to Eberhart and Russel stability model (1966) the stable genotypes identified for seed yield (kg ha-1) were F6 progenies of crosses namely, C-152 × IC 198701, C-152× IC 201079, C-152 × IC 202710, GC-3 × IC 202872 and V-118 × IC 249141. The promising genotypes identified for yield per se were F6 lines of crosses viz., DC-15 × DCS-47-1, C-152 × CP-206, DC-15 × Subhra, C-152 × IC 97767 and DC-15 × JOB-129. In cowpea, bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) is the most serious storage pest due to the fact that cowpea is the primary host in India. It causes 90 to 100 per cent loss in seed quality upon progressive storage. The resistance of cowpea to bruchid infestation has been a major concern to plant breeders as some elite cowpea varieties become susceptible to the bruchids. Keeping this point in view, screening of 250 F3 segregants of cross between DC-615 × Dharwad local was carried out against bruchids (Callosobruchus maculatus F.). Bruchid infestation (%) measured through different damage parameters revealed that segregants viz., F3-2, F3-95, F3-221, F3-223, F3-199, F3-4, F3- 24, F3-92, F3-232 and F3-241 were found superior for bruchid resistance because they exhibited least bruchid infestation, minimum per cent seed damage, minimum actual and apparent weight loss, minimum number of bruchids emerged. The parameters related to germination and vigour of seeds were influenced to the lowest degree from the damage by bruchids.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Stability Analysis for Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-08) Malipatil, Ramanagouda; Kamatar, M.Y.
    Thirty bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were evaluated to determine the stable performance for grain yield in relation with nitrogen use efficiency at four levels of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg/) application across the three environments viz., Dharwad, Nippani and Ugar during rabi, 2015-16. Stability model Additive Main Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) showed significant differences among the genotypes, environment and genotype x environment interaction. Genotype x environment interaction further partitioned into principal component analysis 1 which was significant. Mean grain yield across the different levels of nitrogen indicated that grain yield increased from 2,485 kg/ha to 3,704 kg/ha with increase in nitrogen application from 50 kg/ha to 100 kg/ha but decreased at 150 kg/ha nitrogen. The mean nitrogen use efficiency increased from zero nitrogen level (14.94) to 50 kg/ha nitrogen (15.27) application then decreased with the increased application of nitrogen from 50 kg/ha to 150 kg/ha. The AMMI biplot analysis indicated that following genotypes were superior for grain yield with nitrogen use efficiency and were stable across the three environments at different levels of nitrogen application: Zero level: DBW 14, Third SATYN 9402, and Second WYCYT 34 50 kg/ha: WH 1022, Third SATYN 9402, Fifth CISA HTEM 10211 and Second WYCYT 34 100 kg/ha: Fifth CISA HTEM 10211 and Fifth CISA HTEM 10212 150 kg/ha: Fifth CSISA HTEM 10228, Fifth CISAHTEM 10211, HD 2189 and HD 2967. Ugar environment was better for expression of grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency. These identified stable genotypes can be used as donor parents for transferring high yield with high nitrogen use efficiency to the locally well adapted varieties.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Diversity and Variability Studies for Drought Tolerance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-08) Deepak D.A.; Biradar, Suma S.
    The uncertainty of sufficient moisture availability necessitates the development of wheat varieties for drought situation. The main objective of this investigation was to dissect out the drought tolerance mechanisms in different genetic backgrounds by conducting separate experiments using hundred genotypes in drought and irrigated condition by following alpha lattice design during rabi 2015-16. The traits like leaf waxiness, ground cover, tillers per meter and grain yield exhibited high GCV and PCV. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent mean were observed for traits like plant height, leaf waxiness, spike length, tillers per meter, grains per spike and grain yield. The indices viz., Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) and Stress Tolerance Index (STI) were adopted to identify drought tolerant genotypes. Ten genotypes based on SSI and five genotypes by STI, were identified as drought tolerant. It is interesting to note here that drought tolerant genotypes identified in the present investigation exhibited comparable root parameters with standard checks along with other physiological parameters. Among which, early vigour, early completion of life cycle, higher flag leaf chlorophyll content, high membrane stability, root length and root volume contributed to drought tolerance under different genetic backgrounds. The traits viz., spike length, thousand grain weight, spikelets per spike, relative water content and tillers per meter were found to be least sensitive for moisture stress and exhibited high genetic diversity. It is deduced from both the indices that the genotype UAS 323 recorded higher yield under moisture stress which was manifested by higher spike length, thousand grain weight, grains per spike and biomass. Markers xbarc319, xgwm626, xgwm540, xgwm557, xwmc323 and xwmc634 showed polymorphism and can be further validated. Thus, identified trait specific drought tolerant genotypes can be used to identify QTLs with the help of molecular markers.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Studies for Yield and Ala Profiles in Mutant Population of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-08) Leelavathi T.M.; Mogali, Suma
    In the present investigation, two linseed cultivars viz., Indira Alsi and NL-115 were used for creating mutation by treating with five different doses of EMS (0.1 to 0.5 %) and was conducted during rabi 2015-16 at MARS, Dharwad. In linseed, ODR (Oleic Desaturation Ratio) and LDR (Linoleic Desaturation Ratio) values gives an idea about activities of 12 and 15 desaturases involved in desaturation of oleic and linoleic acids, respectively. Fatty acid analysis of the selected mutants revealed, mutant no. 90-2 exhibited highest linolenic acid (55.18 %) and increased yield per plant (6.06 g). This can be used as a source of high linolenic acid for pharmaceutical and health benefits. Low linolenic acid mutants 45-3 (14.12 %) 64-2 (21.70 %) and 41-2 (22.80 %) with low LDR value are considered for further improvement of genotypes suited for cooking oil. Higher GCV and PCV coupled with higher heritability and genetic advance were obtained for seed yield per plant, number of capsules per plant, number of secondary branches per plant. Hence, these characters are amenable for selection process. Correlation and path coefficient analysis inferred that, number of capsules per plant had higher significant association and positive direct effects on seed yield. Hence, importance may be given for this trait to improve yield potential. In addition to these traits, other desirable mutants showing early maturity (mutant numbers 66, 85 with duration 91- 96 days) and erect growth habit, tolerant to lodging (mutant number 78) can be utilized as genetic stocks in breeding programme. Evaluation of 13 high yielding mutants in RCBD revealed, mutant no.106-3 recorded highest yield of 1,176 kg ha-1 followed by 106-2 (1,168 kg ha-1) and 102-6 (1,084 kg ha-1) which was relatively early in maturity (102 days) when compared to the checks (580 kg ha-1, 628 ha-1 , maturity 110 days).
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Evaluation of G. anomalum Introgressed G. arboreum Lines for Relative Gene Expression in Special Relation to Fibre Strength, Yield and Fibre Quality Traits
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Kazi, Mohammed Asim M.; Patil, B.R.
    Cotton fibers are single-celled seed trichomes of major economic importance in textile industry. Considering the importance of fiber quality, 225 genotypes of Gossypium anomalum L. introgressed G. arboreum L. lines were evaluated for their performance, assessment of variability, association and path co-efficient analysis. The study also focused on dissecting the molecular and biochemical basis of fiber strength through real-time PCR analysis and histological study using contrasting genotypes Arb-1 (22.9 g/tex) and Arb-2 (19.7 g/tex) for fibre strength. The research was conducted under rainfed condition at botanical garden, MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad during kharif 2013. The genotypes registered significant variability for all the characters studied and association analysis revealed that seed cotton yield was positively associated with number of sympodia, boll number, plant height, boll weight, seed index and number of locules. Plant height, number of sympodials, number of bolls, boll weight, lint index, seed index and number of locules contributed to increased seed cotton yield per plant. Also, since these traits had direct significant effect on seed cotton yield, emphasis can be laid on these attributes. The real-time PCR analysis revealed that the CesA4, CesA7, CesA8 and GhMT1 genes were upregulated during 24 DPA (initiation of secondary cell wall synthesis) and 30 DPA (secondary cell wall synthesis) which are the important stages in synthesizing maximum cellulose contributing towards the higher fiber strength. The expression studies revealed upregulation of these genes in the genotype possessing high fibre strength. Histological and biochemical results on seed cotton fiber growth stages revealed deposition of cellulose at 24 and 34 DPA, which conferred high fiber strength.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic Studies of Fibre Elongation in Cotton
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Sunil Kumar G.; Katageri, I.S.
    A study to understand the genetics of fibre elongation was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences Dharwad during kharif 2015-16. The SEM images of ovule at 2 DPA revealed that chalazal and middle parts of ovule are entirely covered with fibre initials whereas, extreme micropylar part of ovule is free from fibre initials in MCU5 (WT), Fuzzy-lintless (Fl) and Fuzzy-linted (FL) lines. The quantification of number of fibre initials on 2 DPA ovule surface (100 µm2 area) showed that almost no fibre initials (only 2) had emerged on the ovule surface of MCU5 (fl) mutant but markedly high number of fibre initials (118) were observed in MCU5 (WT) ovules. In diploid both Fuzzy-lintless (Fl) and Fuzzy-linted (FL) lines recorded fibre initials but fibre initials observed in case of Fuzzy-lintless line will not elongate to become lint. Therefore in the present study parents considered are linted (fibred) and lintless (fibreless) as supported by electron micrographic studies more suitable for understanding genetics of fibre elongation. The chi-square test in F2 indicated that lintless trait in diploid cotton and fuzzless-lintless trait in tetraploid cotton was governed by double recessive gene (15:1). Ginning outturn recorded wide variability in tetraploid (0 to 43.90 %) and diploid (0 to 38.08 %) F2 population. In tetraploid F2 plants, lint coverage area increases towards micropylar end from chalazal end of the seed as ginning outturn increases. Number of fibres per seed varies from 0 to 2,333 in the plants had ginning outturn respectively in the range of 0 to 13.78 % this difference in number of elongating fibres per seed was the reason for wide variation observed in ginning outturn per cent. From these results, targeting the increase in number of elongating fibres per unit area to increase ginning outturn becomes important research component.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Studies on Genetic Enhancement of Sugarcane Productivity for Organic Jaggery Production
    (University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-07) Meti, Vijay Kumar; Patil, S.B.
    The present investigation was taken up to elucidate the information on the variability in the cane, sugar and jaggery yield components and the amount to which it is heritable. Inter and intra stage correlation was also studied in preselected population across organic and integrated environments. The GCV and PCV for germination (%), total shoots (TS), cane formed shoots (CFS), and green top yield (GTY) were higher, whereas moderate variability was observed for internodal length (IL), single cane weight (SCW), number of millable cane (NMC), cane girth (CG), cane yield and commercial cane sugar yield (CCSY). The association studies revealed that viz., NMC, cane height, IL, CFS, SCW and CCSY were positively associated with cane yield. The repeatability studies indicates that traits viz., germination (%), TS, NMC, SCW, cane height, CCS yield, HR brix and sucrose per cent at 10th month were comparatively highly significant with moderate to higher heritability values indicating these traits as more dependable as selection criteria. For cane, sugar and jaggery yield and quality parameters, top 17 genotypes showing superiority under integrated and organic environment. Among them four genotypes viz., SNK 10286, SNK 10241, SNK 10134 and SNK 10132 found highly productive under integrated environment. The genotypes viz., SNK 10162, SNK 10241, SNK 10283 and SNK 10286 were recorded significantly superior under organic environment. Across the environments the genotypes viz., SNK 10286 and SNK 10232 were found most promising, as they recorded higher jaggery productivity and acceptability index respectively, over best jaggery standard Co 92005. The organoleptic features and overall acceptability index of jaggery under organic environment were superior over integrated.