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20094
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Subject: Genetics and Plant Breeding × End date: 2009 × Start date: 2009 × Type: Thesis × Thesis Type: Ph.D ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetics and stability of cotton seed oil, seed cotton yield, compoenent characters and expression pattern of Cry1 Ac proten, fatty acid profile in Bt and Non-Bt cotton (G.hirsutum L.) hybrids
    (UAS Dharwad, 2009) Nagappa Harijan; B.M.Khadi
    Cotton has a proud place among the crops from earliest times. Apart from seed cotton the cotton seed oil also has very good quality and vitamin E. The unsaturated fatty acid composition of Bt (59.71%) and non-Bt hybrids (59.15%) was similar. And only four Bt hybrids showed numerically superiority to their respective non- Bt hybrids. It can thus be safely concluded that presence of Cry1Ac gene did not affect the oil content or its profile in the Bt hybrids. Six Bt hybrids had significantly higher oleic acid than their respective non-Bt version. Four germplasm lines nearly high oil content of more than 25% were identified. Their fatty acid composition was on par with the two checks indicating that these lines could be used in breeding programmes to increase oil content keeping the present level of fatty acid composition intact. Genetics of oil content, plant height, lint index, ginning out turn and lint weight showed that these traits were controlled by dominant genes and dominance x dominance interactions. The traits monopodial branches, seed cotton yield, and number of bolls per plant were controlled by dominance gene effects and additive × additive gene interactions. For seed index, additive gene interaction was prominent. Among 24 Bt and their counter part non-Bt hybrids evaluated JKCH-2245 non-Bt, K-5038 Bt, KDCHH-441 Bt, NCEN-2R non-Bt, Dhruva Bt and JKCH-99 Bt hybrids were identified as stable yielders for south and central India. Studies on the expression of Cry1Ac protein in different tissues at various stages showed the decreasing Cry1Ac protein expression and crop age advanced. However, JKCH- 1947, Dhruva, NCEN-3R and SBCH-311 in leaf tissue and hybrids SBCH-311, JK-Durga and JKCH-1945 in rind had lesser decreasing rate of Cry1Ac protein. Six and three Bt hybrids exhibited higher Cry1Ac protein in the flower and in young bolls respectively at later stages.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Genetic investigations and diversity analysis in minicore collections of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
    (UAS Dharwad, 2009) S.G.Parmeshwarappa; P.M.Salimath
    An investigation was carried out to assess diversity for eight quantitative traits under three environments and further characterization for drought tolerance and for studying combining ability effects and variances for identifying potential crosses of chickpea. Significant genotypic differences were observed for all the traits under study suggesting that high variability was observed for most of the productivity related traits. The performance over three environments indicated that ICC6279 was found to be early flowering and ICC13124 is the only top yielder in all the three environments. Association study indicated that seed yield was strongly correlated with pods per plant, 100-seed weight, plant height and number of branches per plant in all the environments. Genetic diversity study indicated considerable diversity in the minicore collections. The genotypes were categorized into 20, 16 and 25 clusters in rainfed condition of 2004-05, 2005-06 and irrigated condition of 2005-06, respectively. The drought tolerant accessions evaluated under moisture stress and irrigated situation during 2006-07 revealed ICC13124 is the only accession found drought tolerant for more than one parameter i.e., high DTE, least Dsi, maximum RLWC, minimum MII and equally good root traits as that of resistant check can be utilized as resistant source in breeding for drought tolerance. The degree of heterosis for seed yield varied considerably among 48 hybrids studied. The top three potential hybrids observed for seed yield over MP, BP and SC were ICC6877×ICC2072, ICC2507×ICC2072 and ICC6877×ICC7315. The combining ability analysis of the crosses revealed predominance of SCA variance for all the traits under study. Parents ICC13124, ICC7315, ICC15697 and ICC6877 were good general combiners for productively traits. Three heterotic crosses viz., ICC11944×ICC13124, ICC9137×ICC13124 and ICC2507×ICC2072 exhibited highly significant positive sca effect with high per se performance for seed yield per plant. The performance of combinations with representing different diversity levels suggest that parents with high diversity have a better chance of showing high heterosis and better F2 performance.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Construction of genetic linkage map and QTL analysis for foliar disease resistance, nutritional quality and productivity traits in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
    (UAS Dharwad, 2009) Sarvamangala S.Cholin; M.V.C. Gowda
    Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed and food crop of the world. Breeding for disease resistance, improved nutritional quality and productivity are the major challenges in groundnut breeding. Conventional breeding has had limited success for improvement of these traits. Advent of molecular markers provides useful way to map and tag for the desired traits in any crop. An attempt has been made to construct the linkage map for identification of QTLs for foliar disease resistance, nutritional quality and productivity traits using 53 polymorphic SSR markers in 146RILs (TG-26xGPBD-4). Genetic variability components revealed higher magnitude of variation for all the traits. Heritability was high for disease and nutritional quality but lower for productivity traits. All the traits showed normal distribution except rust which had bimodal distribution indicating the complex and simple nature of inheritance, respectively. Correlation between LLS and rust, protein and oil, oleic and linoleic was negative whereas, number of pods correlated positively with pod yield. A partial linkage map with the total distance of 657.9cM (8LGs) and an average intermarker distance of 14.62cM was constructed using 45 markers (23% genome). Single marker and QTL analysis identified a total of 23 markers and 5QTLs for disease resistance, 35 markers and 17QTLs for nutritional quality and 34 markers and 13QTLs for productivity traits. Among them QTL near XIP103 on LG3 for rust (24.10–48.90%), oil content (7.90– 9.10%), number of pods (4.41–6.10%), pod yield (6.60–11.20%), a QTL near TC3A12 on LG8 for plant height (12.60–17.50%) and a QTL near TC1B02 for test weight (8.20–14.0%) showed consistent results across the seasons with substantial contribution and the favorable allele was contributed by GPBD-4 parent. From the study one major QTL (XIP103) has been identified which could be employed in MAS for identification of rust resistant genotypes
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    In vitro manipulation of pollen for transformation in cotton and Tomato
    (UAS Dharwad, 2009) D.Satish; R.L.Ravikumar
    The laboratory and field experiments on pollen transformation in cotton and tomato were carried out during 2004-20007 at the Department of GPB, UAS, Dharwad. The main objective of the study was to assess the potentiality of production of transgenic cotton and tomato plants consistently using pollen as vector. In the present study, in vitro pollen germination medium for cotton variety Sahana and tomato variety Pusa ruby were standardized. The co-cultivation of pollen with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 containing plasmid vector pCAMBIA1305.1 significantly reduced the germination per cent and tube growth compared to control both in cotton and tomato. The co-cultivation of cotton pollen with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing GUS as a reporter gene in cavity slides resulted in 3.11 percentage of pollen grains showing transient GUS expression. The co-cultivated pollen grains were used for pollination. To favour the transformed pollen grains in fertilization, the style and stigma of the emasculated flowers were treated with various concentrations of hygromycin (250, 500 and 1000 ppm in cotton and 250,500,1000 and 1500 ppm in tomato). The increased concentration of hygromycin to stigma and style has significantly reduced the boll set in cotton and fruit set in tomato. The number of seeds obtained from each treatment also varied. Totally, 223 cotton plants and 390 tomato plants were screened for presence and expression of transgene. In cotton, 32 plants (14.34%) showed resistance to hygromycin application, 14 plants (6.27%) were positive for PCR amplification and 12 plants (5.38%) were positive for GUS assay in leaves in T0 generation. In case of tomato, 13 plants (3.3%) were resistant to hygromycin application. Only two plants (0.15%) were positive for PCR amplification and one plant (0.25%) showed positive for GUS staining in leaves in T0 generation. Further, the positive plants were advanced to T1 generation. The T1 plants showed resistant to hygromycin application and positive for PCR amplification, suggesting stable integration of DNA introduced through pollen grains. In order to increase the frequency of pollen grains with transgene, different pretreatments to pollen grains were given. The pre- hydration of pollen for 30 minutes, pretreating cotton pollen with 40 and 45% PEG and tomato pollen with 12% PEG for 2 hours, pre germination of pollen grains for 45 minutes. The pre-treatments increased the frequency of transgene insert into the pollen significantly. Further, parameters of particle bombardment were optimized for transformation of cotton pollen grains. Two particle size (0.7& 1.1μ), two shooting distance (6 cm &9 cm) and three pollen treatments (pre- hydration, PEG treatment and control) were used. The bombardment of PEG pre- treated pollen grains with 1.1μ particles at a target distance of 9 cm produced the highest frequency (29.04%) of transient GUS expressing pollens.