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ThesisItem Open Access Characterization and Nursery Performance of Half-Sib Progenies of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Against Leaf Blight Caused by Fusicladium pongamiae (Syd. & P.Syd.)(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-09) Lochan S.R.; Suryanarayana V.The investigation was carried out at College of Forestry, Sirsi, during 2015-16 on the characterization and nursery performance of half-sib progenies of Pongamia pinnata (L.) against leaf blight caused by Fusicladium pongamiae. Thirty half sib progenies (HSP’s) sources of four clonal plantations of Pongamia in Karnataka differed significantly for pod and seed traits. Fusicladium blight symptoms were clustered black dot sized eruptions on the ventral surface, leaf blighting, premature defoliation and burnt appearance of foliage. Among different inoculation techniques, moistened petriplate incubated cellophane attachment method proved best for large scale screening of HSP’S of Pongamia against Fusicladium blight. Of 30 HSP’s screened against Fusicladium blight, one HSP (NC-1) showed moderately resistant reaction, 27 HSP’s with, moderately susceptible reaction and 2 HSP’s (H-128 and H-88) with susceptible reaction. In periodical per cent disease index (PDI) estimates over 6 months H-128 showed highest (28.14%) and lowest by NC-1 (11.05%). Likewise, in post inoculated HSP’s differed significantly for growth and biomass parameters. Among them NC-01 recorded highest mean values for height (51.95 cm), collar diameter (7.82 mm), fresh (104 g) and dry weight (35 g) of biomass and least value for defoliation (9.25 %). For phenol content also among selected HSP’s, NC-1 showed highest phenol content of 9.20 mg/g of leaf extract. Whereas, H-128 and H-88 shown least phenol content (4.40 and 3.80 mg/g of leaf extract) respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Study on Pre-Sowing Treatments, Nutrient Management and Storage Behavior on Seed and Seedling Quality in Flemingia semialata Roxb.(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Rajak, Kameshwar Kumar; Hunje, RaviAn experiment was conducted at College of Forestry, Sirsi, during 2015-16, to study the effect of pre-sowing treatments on seeds, effect of storage conditions on seed quality and Integrated Nutrient Management in quality seedling production of Flemingia semialata. Seeds scarified with concentrated sulphuric acid for one minute recorded significantly higher germination 76.25 per cent, germination rate (7.32), mean daily germination (2.72), total seedling length (18.12 cm) and seedling vigour index (1380.74). In poly house significantly higher field emergence 73.00 per cent and germination rate (2.90), mean daily germination (2.60), total seedling length (15.56 cm) and seedling vigour index (1135.88), followed by seeds treated with KNO3 0.2% for 12 hours. Among the integrated nutrient management treatment constituting common potting media (soil: sand: FYM of 2:1:1) along with Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) (10 g) + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (5 g) + NPK (2 g) influenced the growth parameters viz., seedling height, collar diameter, number of branches, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of the plants significantly and considered to be best compare to other treatments followed by treatment constituting AM + PSB + NPK (19:19:19) 1g/plant. The seeds stored in four different containers and kept under two storage condition showed progressive decline in seed quality parameters with the advancing storage period. On an average the germination percentage recorded at the beginning and end of storage period was 70.00 % and 52.08 % respectively. Seed stored in cloth bag kept in cold storage was found to be better seed container for storing seeds with relatively more viability.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Clonal Variation for Gall Midge, Asphondylia pongamiae Mani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Infestation in Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015-11) Kabber, Usha Raju; JavaregowdaPongamia pinnata, oil producing tree legume, popularly known as ‘Karanja’ or ‘Honge’ which is widely occurring non-edible oil tree in India. Oil derived from the seed is a very good ‘bio-fuel’. Fifty three insect pests have been listed in P. pinnata which includes six species of gall inducers. The leaf gall inducing insect affect the growth of plants by reducing the leaf area available for photosynthesis. Aspondylia pongamiae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) which has been identified to induce flower and leaf galls on P. pinnata. These gall inducers adversely affect the quality of leaves of pongamia in turn reducing its economic utility. Experiments were conducted at the College of Forestry, Sirsi, during 2014-15. Among the eleven clones evaluated, four clones, Hariharapura, Sathenahalli, Muddanahalli and Baragaru were found to be Moderately Resistant (MR) in both open and polyhouse conditions. The growth performance of different pongamia clones as measured through plant height and collar diameter did not significantly vary due to infestation of gall midge. The difference in increases or decrease in growth parameter may be not due to gall midge infestation alone but may be due to phenotypic and genotypic variation among the pongamia clones because of their superior characters over the local seedling. Among the four biochemical traits estimated, total phenol and potassium content in leaves did not show significant difference in infested and healthy leaves. However the clones which were moderately resistant had increased nitrogen content and reduced total soluble sugar under infested leaves than healthy leaves. Reduction in total sugar and increased nitrogen content in leaves could be a mechanism to resist the infestation of gall midge in P. pinnata.ThesisItem Open Access DOCUMENTATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF FOREST NURSERY DISEASES IN UTTARA KANNADA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) SUDARSHAN, G K; SURYANARAYANA, VABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access GENETIC STRUCTURE OF Semecarpus kathalekanensis: A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED TREE SPECIES OF CENTRAL WESTERN GHATS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) SURAJ, P G; VASUDEVA, RGenetic structure of Semecarpus kathalekanensis , a crtically endangered, dioecious medicinal tree species of the Myristica swamps of the central Westem Ghats was studied adopting isozyme and PCR based Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. Leaf samples from 34 adult individuals of two neighboring populations were subjected to starch-gel electrophoresis after standardizing the protocol for six isozyones. Only four isozyme loci out o f 9 identified were polymorphic in both the populations. The overallmean allele number per loci was 1.44. The Shannon's information index based on all loci was 0.204 ± 027; it was 0.55 ±0.11 based on polymorphic loci. The observed mean heterozygosity (Ho) of the populations was extremely low at 0.095 compared to the expected heterozygosity (He) based on Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (0.134). This strongly suggests that the populations are suffering from heterozygote deficiency, which could be attributed to severe genetic bottleneckmg and genetic drift. Rare-relic nature and severe anthropogenic pressures faced by the species might be responsible for genetic drift, while, lack of mating partners due to incomplete blooming synchrony among male and female trees could result in inbreeding. Interestingly, bigger matured individuals with GBH (>100 cm) had higher Ho (11.11%) than those w'hich had less than 100 cm GBH (6.67%) indicating that younger generations might posses reduced genetic variation, which calls for an urgent recovery plan. The genomic DNA were initially subjected to PCR based RAPD using 65 primers. A total of 76 loci were identified based on 10 random primer data. The polymorphism for RAPD ranged from 71.05 to 61.84 per cent and a diversity index of 0.627. The level of genetic differentiation among two populations was very low as suggested by mean Fst value (<1%). This study, perhaps the first assessment of genetic diversity of a critically endangered tree species in India, strongly suggests that understanding genetic structure of rare/endangered species is highly essential in formulating conservation plans.ThesisItem Open Access REGENERATION STUDIES IN THE SACRED LANDSCAPES OF KODAGU, KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) BORAIAH, K T; VASUDEVA, RSacred groves are tiny patches of forests conserve3=aB#-rnonitored through social institutions. The regeneration potential of these informally managed landscapes was assessed considering five well-conserved and five disturbed sacred groves in different localities of Kodagu district; while the reserve forests were considered as control. Diversity (Hi =4.04) and density of regeneration were higher among conserved sacred groves, which was comparable to that of silent valley, confirming the hypothesis that mild-disturbance promotes higher angiosperm diversity. However, the richness of regenerating species was slightly higher among reserve forests (160), followed by that among disturbed (156) and conserved sacred groves (146). There was a higher species turnover from conserved to disturbed sacred groves but it was not predictable. Dimocarpus langan topped the rank list of IVI in all the three landscapes. Principal Component Analysis revealed that these three landscapes support regeneration of distinct sets of species. Regeneration of 'tree forms' was higher in reserve forests; 'shrubs' and 'climbers' were found regenerating well among sacred groves. While sacred groves supported regeneration of more of'bird-dispersed' species, reserve forests provided ideal niches for 'mammal-dispersed' and 'dioecious' species. The nchness and densities of 'threatened' and 'medicinally important' plant species were higher among sacred groves suggesting that these tiny landscapes are treasure houses of these species. The larger light gaps among disturbed sacred groves resulted in regeneration of more of light-demanding, 'deciduous types' than in conserved sacred groves. In general, disturbance parameters increased both the species nchness and density. Interestingly, different disturbance parameters showed differential influence on nchness and densities of various 'life forms'. In order to assess the conservation potential of a landscape, a new measure called "combined regeneration value (CR.V)" was standardized by considenng richness of species belonging to special categones such as 'rare/threatened', 'endemic', 'medicinal' and 'evergreen'. CRV suggested that larger sacred groves are important for conservation.ThesisItem Open Access VARIATION FOR GERMINATION AND EARLY VIGOUR AMONG PROGENIES OF TEAK (Tectona Grandis Linn, f.) CLONES OF KARNATAKA.(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) MATHEW, JOHN; VASUDEVA, RFamilies of eight teak clones of diverse origin, collected from a 20-year-old Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO), were studied at the College of Forestry, Sirsi, to understand the family variation for seed germination and early vigour. The study was also aimed at understanding the genetic basis of and association among these variations and finally to assess the divergence of half-sib families. Large variations were observed among families of different clones for germination percentage and dormancy release pattern. Families of clone MySA1 (11.09%), clone MyHaV5 (8.65%) and clone MyHaV3 (8.46%) were superior in overall germination at the end of the study period. Germination was under genetic control as suggested by high narrow sense heritability and showed high genetic gain (171.7%). There was a perfect negative association (r= - 0.902) between age of the ortet (mother tree) from which the clonal material was originally derived and the per cent germination of its progeny supporting the hypothesis that deleterious mutations might be accumulated with age ("genetic load accumulation with-age hypothesis"). Hence care must be taken not to include clones of older ortets in the future CSOs. Although there was a huge variation among families of different clones with respect to growth traits, differences were not significant. Principal component analysis identified leaf area as the most important trait contributing to divergence of half-sib families, which also had higher narrow sense heritability (0.772) and was significantly associated with biomass traits. Hence leaf area per plant could be the most important trait for early selection in teak progeny trials. In general, families of clones of southern provenance had higher mean values with respect to number of lateral roots, plant height, collar diameter and biomass indicating a potential for early adaptation in field. Hence these clones can be given importance while establishing newer CSOs. The teak clones MYHuT8, MyHuT3 and MYHaV3 were identified as best general combiners.ThesisItem Open Access INFESTATION DYNAMICS AND CLONAL RESISTANCE OF TEAK TO TRUNK BORER Alcterogystia cadambae Moore. (LEPIDOPTERA: COSSIDAE)(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) SANTOSH, K; KUMAR, PRASADABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF NOTHAPODYTES NIMMONIANA (GRAH.) MABBER.: AN IMPORTANT ANTI-CANCER DRUG YIELDING MEDICINAL TREE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) HOMBE GOWDA, H C; VASUDEVA, R.ABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLE
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