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Open Access
Biofuel Crops for Vertical Intensification of Sugarcane Based Intercropping Systems
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Chogatapur, Shilpa V.; Chandranath, H.T.
A field experiment was conducted during 2016-17 (plant cane) and 2017-18 (ratoon cane) at Sugarcane Research Farm, Zadshapur of S. Nijalingappa Sugar Institute (SNSI) of Belagavi. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three spacing levels (120,150 and 180 cm) as main plot treatments, three component crops (sugarbeet, sweet sorghum and sweet potato) under 1:1 and 1:2 ratio as sub-plots with four control plots [sole sugarcane (90 cm), sole sugarbeet, sole sweet sorghum and sole sweet potato] outside the experiment and replicated thrice. A row spacing of 150 cm recorded significantly higher number of millable canes (NMC) in both plant and ratoon cane. With respect to row spacing of 180 cm recorded higher cane yield (132.2 t ha-1) in plant cane. A row spacing of 150 cm recorded additional net returns of ` 79,999 ha-1 in plant cane and ` 80,832 ha-1 in ratoon cane over 90 cm row spacing. Among the component crops, sugarcane + sugarbeet 1:1 row proportion recorded significantly higher cane yield (132.2 t ha-1) and ethanol yield (8.69 thousand l ha-1) in plant cane. Similar trend was also observed in ratoon cane. With respect to interactions between row spacings and component crops with different row proportion, significantly higher NMC (111.91 thousands ha-1) and cane yield (139.6 t ha-1) was recorded with sugarcane (150 cm) + sugarbeet 1:1 row proportion. Similar trend was noticed in ratoon cane. In plant cane, intercropping of sugarcane (150 cm) + sugarbeet 1:2 row proportion, realised significantly higher sugarcane equivalent yield (145.7 t ha-1) and net returns (` 2,46,829 ha-1) over all other treatment combinations. In ratoon cane similar trend was followed as that of plant cane.
Open Access
Bio-Efficacy and Phyto-Toxicity of Pre and Post-Emergence Herbicides on Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]; and Residual Effect on Succeeding Crops
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2018-07) Shilpa H.D.; Malligawad, Lokanath H.
The field experiment was conducted at Main Agricultural Research Station. University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad on medium black clay soil during two consecutive years (2015-16 and 2016-17) in kharif-rabi sequence. Results indicated that pre-emergence application of alachlor 50 EC, pendimethalin 30 EC, butachlor 50 EC, pendimethalin 38.7 CS and oxyfluorfen 23.5 EC effectively controlled annual grassy and broad leaved weeds in groundnut/soybean and had no residual toxicities on all the succeeding crops. Post-emergence application of quizalofop ethyl 5 EC, propaquizafop 10 EC and fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9 EC effectively controlled only annual grassy weeds and they did not show any residual toxicities on all the succeeding crops. On the contrary, post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 SL (100 g/ha) although suppressing the growth and development of annual grassy and broad leaved weeds, but resulted in residual toxicities in succeeding crops. The severity of imazethapyr residual toxicity on succeeding crops was greater on grain amaranth > sorghum > wheat > maize > safflower > chickpea. Yield components, dry pod weight/plant, total number of pods/plant, 100 dry pod weight in groundnut and; total number of pods/plant, seed weight/plant and 100 seed weight in soybean and B:C ratio were more in treatments which received pre-emergence herbicides, post-emergence herbicides and weed free check treatment over weedy check treatment and treatment which received post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 % SL @ (100 g/ha). Significantly lower dehydrogenase (μg TPF formed/g soil/d ) phosphatase (pnp formed/g soil/h) and urease activity (μg NH4-N formed/g soil/d), in preceding as well as succeeding crops was recorded with post-emergence application of imazethapyr 10 SL (100 g/ha).
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Agronomic Manipulation on Sustainable Production of Cotton and Soybean Intercropping System
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2017-06) Pujar, Amit M.; Angadi, V.V.
Open Access
Nutrient Management Practices in Sunflower Through Soil and Foliar Application
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) G. Ravishankar; Malligawad, Lokanath H.
Open Access
Response of Maize Hybrids to Increasing Co2 and Temperature Scenarios: Dssat Model Based Assessment for Northern Transition Zone of Karnataka
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-11) Belay, Achenef Tigabu; Patil, R.H.
Open Access
Performance of Sugarcane Based Intercropping Systems Under Wide Row Spacings
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-05) Nadiger, Seemantini; Hunshal, C.S.
Effect of row spacing and intercrops on plant and ratoon cane was evaluated during 2013-14 and 2014-15 at the K. J. Somaiya Institute of Applied Agricultural Research (KIAAR), Sameerwadi, Karnataka. The experiment consisted of 15 treatments in plant cane (three row spacings i.e., 1.2 m, 2.4 m paired row and 3.6 m paired row, three intercrops soybean, greenpea and onion and three sole crops of sugarcane and intercrops) and 23 treatments in ratoon cane (intercropped plots were divided into two subplots to intercrops watermelon and cucumber, sole crops of watermelon and cucumber and sole sugarcane at three spacings). Plant cane was harvested at 17 months whereas ratoon at 12 months. Plant cane produced significantly higher NMC (1,34,717 ha-1) and cane yield (110 t ha-1) at 1.2 m row spacing. The higher MAI (1,32,010), net returns (` 2,09,745 ha-1) and B:C (1.98) were obtained in sugarcane at 1.2 m + onion. Ratoon at 1.2 m row spacing recorded significantly higher NMC (1,00,953 ha-1), cane yield (67 t ha-1), sucrose content (16.9 %), purity (87.6 %) and CCS % (11.7 %). However, plant and ratoon cane yields did not differ significantly due to intercropping systems. MAI (1,66,755), net returns (` 2,05,155 ha-1) and B:C (2.14) were higher in sugarcane at 1.2 m + greenpea fb watermelon. Total productivity of the intercropping systems showed that sugarcane at 1.2 m + greenpea fb ratoon + cucumber produced higher combined cane yield (187 t ha-1) along with 9 q ha-1 of greenpea and 44 q ha-1 of cucumber. Higher net returns (` 3,73,347 ha-1) were obtained in sugarcane at 1.2 m + onion fb ratoon + watermelon. Higher B:C was obtained in sugarcane at 1.2 m + onion fb ratoon + cucumber (3.87) and sugarcane at 1.2 m + greenpea fb ratoon + watermelon (3.87).
Open Access
Response of Turmeric (Curcuma longa l.) Varieties to Methods of Irrigation and Graded Levels of Fertilizer
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-05) Satyareddi, Sunil A.; Angadi, S.S.
A field experiment was conducted during 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the response of turmeric varieties to methods of irrigation and graded levels of fertilizer at Agricultural Research Station, Kalloli, using split-split plot design replicated thrice. Treatment comprised of irrigation methods in main plot (Drip, Ridges and furrow and Sprinkler each at 50 per cent depletion of available soil moisture-DASM), genotypes in sub plot (cv. Cuddapah and cv. Pratibha and graded levels of fertilizer in sub-sub plot (180:90:90, 225:112.5:135 and 270:135:180 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1) with one control (Furrow irrigation at weekly interval with cv. Cuddapah and application of 180:90:90 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1). Drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM recorded significantly higher cured finger rhizomes (3.67 t ha-1) and curcumin yield (188.2 kg ha-1) and water use efficiency (WUE) of 258.5 kg ha-cm-1 with water saving of 31.6 per cent over control. Cudappah variety was superior over cv. Pratibha in cured finger rhizomes yield (3.59 t ha-1). Pratibha variety resulted in higher curcumin content (6.30 %) and curcumin yield (201.1 kg ha-1). Application of 270:135:180 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 resulted in higher cured finger rhizomes (3.51 t ha-1) and curcumin yield (178.5 kg ha-1) which was on par with 225:112.5:135 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1. Drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM with cv. Cudappah and 270:135:180 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 recorded significantly higher cured finger rhizomes yield (4.07 t ha-1) and WUE (282.4 kg ha-cm-1). Drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM with cv. Pratibha and 270:135:180 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 recorded higher curcumin yield (241.5 kg ha-1), B-C ratio (2.71) and net return ( 2.83 lakh ha-1) which was on par with drip irrigation at 50 per cent DASM with 225:112.5:135 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 cv. Pratibha and cv. Cudappah. Results indicated that irrespective of the varieties, drip irrigation with application of 225:112.5:135 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1 resulted in higher yield and economics.
Open Access
Effect of Land Configuration and Deficit Irrigation on Growth, Yield and Water Productivity of Maize-Cowpea Sequence Cropping
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-05) Halli, Hanamant M.; Angadi, S.S.
A field experiment was conducted during summer and kharif 2015 and 2016 to study the effect of land configurations and deficit irrigation on growth, yield and water productivity of maize-cowpea sequence cropping at the Main Agriculture Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications comprising twelve treatment combinations. The treatments included three land configurationsviz., Broad bed and furrow (BBF), corrugated furrow and ridges and furrow methods with four irrigation levels [(irrigation once in ten days, irrigation at 40, 50 and 60 per cent depletion of available soil moisture (DASM)]. The results revealed that, ridges and furrow method of planting recorded significantly higher maize grain yield (70.6 q ha-1). Similarly, irrigation at 40 per cent depletion recorded significantly higher maize grain yield (69.6 q ha-1). Corrugated furrow method of planting with irrigation at 50 per cent depletion recorded significantly higher maize equivalent yield (100 q ha-1) and system net return (` 94,253 ha-1) as compared to other interactions. However, it was on par with ridges and furrow method with irrigation at 40 per cent DASM. The residual effect of BBF method of planting recorded significantly higher grain yield (13.4 q ha-1), net return (` 27,515 ha-1) and rain water use efficiency (5.96 kg ha-mm-1) of cowpea. The amount of water used varied from 329.3 to 626.2 mm among different interactions. Significantly higher water productivity (1.68 kg m-3) was noticed in BBF method of planting with irrigation at 60 per cent DASM. However, this interaction was on par with corrugated furrow method at 50 per cent DASM (1.66 kg m-3) as compared to the rest of the interactions. The results indicated that, irrigation scheduling with corrugated furrow at 50 per cent DASM found superior for maize-cowpea sequence cropping.
Open Access
Management of Lodging in Dicoccum Wheat Using Plant Growth Regulators
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-05) Guled, Sujatha M.; Aravindkumar, B.N.
Two field experiments were conducted during rabi season of 2009 and 2010 in deep vertisol at Agricultural Research Station, Madurakhandi of Jamakhandi taluka, Bagalkot district, UAS, Dharwad. In the first experiment it was aimed to induce lodging tolerance using growth regulators to enhance yield in dicoccum wheat varieties (DDK-1029 and Mudhol local) in a factorial design with three replications. In the second experiment, it was planned to identify a critical crop growth stage susceptible to artificial lodging leading to yield loss and yield structure modification in dicoccum wheat variety Mudhol local in a split plot design with main plot having degrees of artificial lodging (450 and 900) at four feekes stages (FS 10.3, 10.52, 11.3 and 11.2) and a control. Treatment combinations were replicated thrice. In the first experiment, the growth regulator ethephon @ 30 ppm significantly increased the grain yield (2,700 kg ha-1) compared to control (1,910 kg ha-1) by significantly reducing the plant height (70.3 cm), stem length (60.60 cm), but, recorded higher number of productive tillers (390 m2), test weight (37.8 g) and harvest index (42.3 %). The interaction of growth regulator and genotypes showed that, use of ethephon at 30 ppm recorded significantly higher grain yield (2,780 kg ha-1), straw yield (3.96 t ha-1), panicle weight (92.0 g plant-1) and harvest index (47.5%) in DDK-1029 than Mudhol local. In the second experiment, between degrees of artificial lodging, 450 recorded significantly higher grain yield (1,987 kg ha-1) compared to 900 (1,796 kg ha-1). Among stages, artificial lodging at mealy ripe stage gave significantly lower grain yield of 1,681 kg ha-1 compared to before heading stage (2,201 kg ha-1) and conventional practice (2,082 kg ha-1). The interactions between degrees and stages of artificial lodging showed that the grain yield with 450 compared to 900 was significantly higher at before heading (2385 kg ha-1), but, it was on par with conventional treatment (2,082 kg ha-1).

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