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ThesisItem Open Access VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS IN DAIRY ENTERPRISE IN BELGAUM DISTRICT(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2015) Muragod, Rajani M; Biradar, Nagaratna"Dairy has immense potential for supplementing ineome and employment generation for the rural people. Value chain analysis is a useful tool to study range of actors involved in a business. A study was conducted in 8 villages of Belgaum district. The objectives were - map the milk value chain from fanner to end - consumer, document value chain experiences of milk producers in co-operative dairy sector, analyze roles of stakeholders in backward and forward linkages and SWOT analysis of dairy value chain. Milk producers, cooperative societies, processors, dealers and consumers together formed sample for study (206). Data was collected from a set of pre-tested interview schedules through personal interview technique. Majority (85.84%) of producers retained less than 25 per cent of the milk produced and sold remaining part. Marketing efficiency was highest in ‘Shubham’ milk. , All producers were willing to continue as member of milk societies for regular payment. Most availed backward services were-Al services (100% producers) and advisory services (58.34% dealers). Brand loyalty for Nandini milk and milk products was expressed by 65.00 per cent consumers. Assured market (99.16%), non availability of 24X7 A1 services (92.50%), provides platform to become office bearer/member (81.67%) and no control over the price (99.16%); strong marketing channel (100%), dependency on state aid (75.00%), diversification of activities (87.50%) and competition from private sector (37.50%); home delivery to customers (47.23%), non-availability of labors (16.67%), scope for establishment of ice cream parlor (33.33%), poor cold storage facility (38.39%) were the major perceived strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, respectively for producers, societies and dealers. Low milk price (75.00%) and at times scarcity of milk and milk products (17.50%) were strengths and weakness perceived by consumers. It is thus suggested to strengthen identified weaknesses for improving the business of dairy sector."ThesisItem Open Access A Comparative Study on Dairy and Non-Dairy Farmers in Belgaum District(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Kashappa N. Mali; R. B. BelliThe present study was conducted in Belgaum district of Karnataka during the year 2012-13. The seventy two dairy and 72 non dairy farmers were selected randomly to constitute sample of 144. Structured interview schedule was used to collect the information through personal interview. Data was analyzed by using suitable statistical tools like mean, frequency, Standard deviation and correlation. The findings of the study revealed that most of dairy farmers (37.50%) had medium knowledge level and majority (65.28%) of them belonged to medium level of adoption category. The socio-economic profile of dairy and non dairy farmers revealed that 54.17 per cent of dairy farmers and 51.39 per cent non-dairy farmers belong to old aged, whereas nearly one third of dairy and non dairy farmers educated up to high school level. Fifty per cent of dairy and 43.06 per cent of non dairy farmers had medium annual income and less than half (45.83%) of the dairy and non dairy farmers (40.28%) had big size of landholding. However, nearly fifty per cent (48.61%) of dairy and cent per cent of non dairy farmers had medium and low experience in dairying. Less than fifty percent (44.44%) of dairy and more than fifty percent (65.28%) of non dairy farmers had medium and low herd size. Majority (65.28%) of dairy and fifty percent of non dairy farmers had medium and low extension contact. Land holding, dairy experience, extension contact, cropping pattern and subsidiary occupation showed positive and significant relationship at 1% level of probability. The constraints expressed by dairy farmers were non availability of labour, insufficient bank finance for purchase of milch animals, lack of training and non remunerative price of milk.ThesisItem Open Access A Study on Awareness and Usefulness of Yashaswini Co-Operative Farmers Health Scheme in Belguam District(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Pavitra C. H.; L. ManjunathThe present study was conducted in the year 2012-13 in Belgaum district of Karnataka state with a sample size of one hundred and twenty beneficiaries of Yashaswini Co-operative Farmers Health Scheme. The data was collected with the help of structured interview schedule. Majority of the farmers (41.66%) belonged to old age group and (40.83%) belonged to middle age. There was significant difference in the education of the farmers. More number of farmers belong to nuclear type of family (72.50%) and medium family size (46.66%), high farming experience (50.83%),small (2.6 to 5 acres) land holding (27.50%),low annual income group (31.66%),medium mass media exposure (45.83%) high organizational participation (41.66%). The overall awareness and perceived usefulness level of the beneficiaries was high i.e., 44.16 per cent and 66.66 per cent respectively. Most of them are undergone the direct benefits like eye operation, stomach ulcers, hernia, caesarean and uterus operation with 5,000 to 10,000 financial assistance. Age, education, family size, farming experience, mass media exposure, organizational participation showed positively and significantly associated with awareness level of beneficiaries of YCFHS. Age, education, family size, farming experience, organizational participation showed positively and significantly associated with perceived usefulness of the YCFHS. The prime constraints perceived by farmers were the card is valid only one year, remote areas clients have to travel long distance to reach the network hospitals, upper age limit is only 75 years. Further, suggestions offered were scheme should be any farmers, more number of hospitals should be included, card for 5 to 10 years validity period is better and there should not be any upper age limit.ThesisItem Open Access Perception of Farmers about Functioning of Raitha Samparka Kendras in Dharwad District of Karnataka.(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Avinash T. S.; K.A. JahagirdarA Study on “Perception of farmers about functioning of Raitha Samparka Kendras in Dharwad district of Karnataka” was undertaken during 2012-13 with a sample of 120 farmers. The data was collected by personal interview method using structured schedule to assess the perception of farmers regarding functioning and programmes of Raitha Samparka Kendras (RSK), socio-personal characteristics of farmers seeking information, communication methods employed by extension personnel working in RSKs. The data was analysed using statistical tools viz., frequency, percentage and correlation. Majority of the respondents (71.60%) felt that the functioning of RSKs was ‘more effective, while 20.80 per cent of the respondents felt ‘effective’ and remaining 7.50 per cent of the respondents felt ‘less effective’. It was observed that majority of the farmers felt the functioning aspects of RSK like general aspects, technical information and extension activities organized by RSK and services provided to farmers were more useful. It was observed that majority of the farmers felt the programmes of RSK were more useful. Whereas, majority of the respondents belonged to middle age (55.83%),high income category (37.50%), educated up to primary school level (21.66%). Majority of the farmers belonged to medium level category with respect to mass media exposure (44.16%), organizational participation (55.00%), cosmopoliteness (42.50%), scientific orientation (50.83%) and innovativeproneness (53.33%). With respect to communication methods cent percent of the extension personnel employed individual, group and mass contact methods for transfer of technology. Annual income, land holding, mass media exposure, organizational participation, extension contact, frequency and purpose of visit, extension participation, cosmopoliteness, scientific orientation and innovative proneness were found to have positive and significant relationship with the perception of farmers on the functioning of RSKs.ThesisItem Open Access A Study on Entrepreneurial Behaviour of Commercial Seed Growers of Dharwad District(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Archana K.N.; K.V. NatikarThe present study was conducted in the year 2012-13 in Dharwad district of Karnataka state with a sample size of 180 farmers, constituting 90 seed growers and 90 other farmers. Random sampling procedure was used to select the sample. The data was collected with the help of structured interview schedule. The socio-economic profile of the respondents revealed that, majority (53.33%) of the seed growers belonged to middle age group, 36.67 per cent educated up to PUC, 42.22 per cent belonged to medium land holding category, 38.89 per cent belonged to high income category, 56.67 per cent had high level of farming experience, 77.78 per cent had low experience in seed production, whereas, majority of other farmers (62.22%) belonged to middle age group, followed by high level of farming experience (71.11%). Most of the seed growers (48.89%) and 40.00 per cent of the other farmers belonged to high and low entrepreneurial behaviour categories respectively. Further, entrepreneurial behavioural characteristics such as innovativeness was high (40.00%) in seed growers and low (44.44%) in other farmers, achievement motivation was high (41.11%) in seed growers and low (35.56%) in other farmers, 46.67 per cent of the seed growers and 50.00 per cent of the other farmers belonged to intermediate and less rational decision making ability category respectively, risk orientation was high (43.33%) in seed growers and low (42.22%) in other farmers, leadership ability was high (45.55%) in seed growers and low (41.11%) in other farmers, management orientation was high (44.44%) in seed growers and low (35.56%) in other farmers respectively. Majority of the seed growers consulted the formal sources like package of practice booklet (66.67%), informal sources like progressive farmers (86.67%) and mass media sources like television (94.45%) regularly. Major constraints faced by seed growers were shortage of labourers, high labour wages and financial problems.ThesisItem Open Access Knowledge and Opinion of Farmers Regarding Bhoochetana Programme(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Jayashri S. Mavinakatti; J.G. AngadiA study on knowledge and opinion of farmers regarding Bhoochetana programme was carried out during 2012-13. One hundred and fifty beneficiaries of Bhoochetana formed the sample for study. The data was collected by personal interview with the help of structured schedule which was developed keeping the objectives of the study. The results revealed that less than half the number of respondents (38.66%) possessed medium level of knowledge followed by low (34.00%) and high (27.34%) levels about Bhoochetana programme. Regarding opinion, majority of the respondents (74.00%) had favourable and highly favourable opinion towards the programme. Higher proportion of them (88.00%) opined that crop yields had increased after implementation of Bhoochetana programme followed by Bhoochetana works towards improving productivity in dryland agriculture (80.66%), standard of living has been increased due to the implementation of Bhoochetana programme (80.00%), soil conservation work has speeded up due to the Bhoochetana programme (78.66%). Age, education, extension contact, extension participation and mass media participation were positively and significantly correlated with knowledge and opinion of the respondents. Enhanced soil productivity, checked soil and water erosion, increased yield level, reduced pest and disease infestation, helped in increasing the water holding capacity of the soil and increased cropping intensity were the benefits derived from the Bhoochetana programme. Income generating activities should be the main component of training programme (48.66%), need to conduct more extension educational activities (39.33%), adequate supply of inputs (35.33%), subsidy rate has to be increased (32.66%), timely provision of inputs ( 18.00%), frequency of visits of field staffs need to be increased (14.00%) were the suggestions given by the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access Awareness, Accessibility and Utilisation Pattern of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Projects by Fafmers of Belgaum District(UAS, Dharwad, 2013) Vishwatej Rudroju; J.G. AngadiThis study was conducted in the year 2012-13 to elicit the knowledge and utilisation pattern of ICT projects by the farmers of Belgaum district. Among the various ICT projects in operation, four projects were selected for the study namely, Kisan Call Centre (KCC), e- Choupal, Krishi Marata Vahini and Raith Mitra Kendra’s web portal. A sample of 140 respondents was selected randomly and was personally interviewed using pretested schedule. It was revealed that most of the respondents had high knowledge of KCC (40.00%), followed by medium knowledge of e-Choupal (39.29%) and Krishi Marata Vahini (37.14%) but low knowledge of Raith Mitra Kendra (30.71%). Most of farmers with high knowledge of all four ICT projects were young (53.33%) followed by middle age (22.03%) and old farmers (15.69%). It was also observed that 65.71 per cent of respondents were utilising information services of KCC, 61.43 per cent and 55.71 per cent of them were utilising services of Krishi Marata Vahini and e-Choupal, respectively. Only, 35.71 per cent of respondents were utilising Raith Mitra Kendra’s web portal for agriculture related information. Most of the farmers were utilising Krishi Marata Vahini (61.43%), e-Choupal (46.43%) for information regarding market prices, KCC (47.86%) and Raita Mitra Kendra (32.14%) for information regarding crop protection. Lack of adequate skills to use ICTs (73.57%) and lack of proper infrastructure (61.43%) were the major constraints in effective utilisation of ICT projects by farmers. Majority of the farmers had suggested for providing them training in operating ICT tools (74.29%), providing adequate knowledge of various ICTs projects (67.86%) and linking ICT projects with other services (61.43%).ThesisItem Open Access Innovative Behaviour and Diffusion of technolgy by Awardee Farmers in North Karnataka(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Rajashekhar T. Basanayak; L. ManjunathThe study on innovative behaviour and diffusion of technology by awardee farmers in north Karnataka was undertaken during 20011-12. Innovative behaviour scale was developed to collect the data from 120 awardee farmers by personal interview method. The analysis of the results revealed that more farmers were of middle age (45.00%), of high school education (24.17%), from medium family size (58.33%), having big land holding (35.00%) with farming experience (57.50%) having high income (62.50%) with moderate material possession (34.16%) and with high leadership ability (63.00%), level of decision making ability (63.33%) and information seeking behaviour (65.00%) among with medium mass media exposure (46.66%) and scientific orientation (56.67%) but with low extension participation (40.00%) and social participation (40.83 %). More farmers had low followed by high (32.50%) and medium (25.83%) innovativebehaviour. A positive and significant relationship was observed between education, land holding, material possession, mass media exposure, extension participation and innovative behaviour. The results of the regression analysis indicated that all the factors contributed more than 61.00 per cent of the variation in innovative behaviour. Size of the land holding, material possession, and mass media exposure and extension participation were significant predictors of innovative behaviour of awardee farmers. Ranking of factors based on their direct effect revealed that material possession, size of the land holding and extension participation occupied first three ranks. Other farmers (25%) and friends (48.33%) had consulted the awardee farmers. Cent per cent of the awardee farmers said that they had taken up farming due to their self-interest with innovativeness (98.33%).ThesisItem Open Access A Study on Knowledge and Adoption of Recommended Cultivation Practices of Onion of Farmers(UAS, Dharwad, 2012) Vijayakumar R. Naik; N. ManjulaThe research study was conducted in selected Bijapur and Dharwad districts of Karnataka state during the year 2012-13. Onion consumption is spread throughout the year and there is constant demand for onion bulb all around the year. However, production of onion fluctuates from year to year. Two taluks namely, Basavan Bagewadi and Navalgund taluks from Bijapur and Dharwad districts were selected with 240 respondents. The study revealed that majority of the respondents (43.75%) had medium knowledge level about recommended onion cultivation practices. With regard to individual recommended onion cultivation practice, regarding varieties (55.42%) of the respondents were aware of the recommended varieties, majority of the respondents (99.58%) had correct knowledge about the soil type which is suitable for onion production, cent per cent of the respondents were aware about the best time for sowing onion crop and less than half (46.25%) of the respondents were having the knowledge about seed treatment. It was observed that majority of the respondents had adopted the practices like recommended varieties (48.75%), seed treatment (13.75%), FYM application (4.58%), recommended time of sowing (97.50%), seed rate (91.25%), spacing (98.33%), intercropping practice (10.83%), hand weeding (65.00%), recommended control measures for control of Disease (10.00%), Least number of the respondents (27.50%) took recommended control measures for control pest. Majority of the respondents (59.17%) were selling their produce to the agencies and about (55.00%) were selling in distant markets like Bangalore, Hubli and Solapur. More than half (52.08%) of the respondents faced problem in selling their produce due to no storage structures available for storage. In case of problems, majority (87.08%) of the respondents felt problem in designing doses of fertilizer, weed management (99.17%), fluctuations in market price (98.33%) and high charges of transportation (98.33%).