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Open Access
Dynamics of Labour Employment in Agriculture and Socio-Economic Impact of Mgnrega
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2017-07) Wader, Deepa. G.; Kulkarni, G.N.
Open Access
Efficacy of Weather Based Crop Insurance As An Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-07) Dupdal, Ravi; Patil, B.L.
Open Access
Performance of National Horticulture Mission (Nhm) and its Impact on Horticulture Economy of North Karnataka – An Economic Analysis
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-09) Patil, Bheemanagouda O.; Hosamani, S.B.
The study was conducted to investigate the performance and impact of NHM in north-Karnataka under UAS, Dharwad jurisdiction du ring 2016-17. Primary data on three crops namely, grapes (Vijayapura), mango (Dharwad) and pomegranate (Koppal) in three districts were collected using random sampling technique. The total sample size was 360 (270 beneficiaries, 60 non-beneficiaries and 30 officials of NHM). Secondary data on different components of NHM (2005-06 to 2013-14) and the data on area, production and productivity of the selected crops (1998-99 to 2013-14) were used. Descriptive statistics, instability index, Markov chain, Herfindahl index, principal component analysis, growth rate analysis, Benefit Cost ratio and Garrett’s ranking technique were employed. Area coverage, creation of water resources, protected cultivation, horticulture mechanization, post-harvest management and rejuvenation were important components influencing the performance of NHM. The instability in area, production and productivity of horticulture crops reduced during NHM period in the study area, it showed positive impact of NHM but growth was slightly reduced but significantly positive. During same period crop diversification was significant towards horticultural crops in Karnataka (diversification index decreased from 0.39 to 0.29). Investment in selected fruits was found to be economically viable even without subsidy i.e., B:C ratio was 2.85, 2.66 and 2.41, respectively. Initial investment in grape (` 9.09 lakhs/ha), mango (` 4.63 lakhs/ha) and pomegranate (` 4.29 lakhs/ha) was higher and the subsidy provided formed a negligible amount to the total investment (6.30 %, 5.76 % and 7.33 %, respectively). Insufficient subsidy and delay in getting the subsidy were the major constraints faced by the farmers. Lack of adequate financial sanctions, procedural delay in release of budget and interference of local politicians were the major problems faced by the officials of NHM. Hence, it is recommended to take care of these problems and need to revise policies of NHM accordingly.
Open Access
Agro-Socio-Economic Dimensions of Solid Waste Management in Karnataka – An Economic Analysis
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2017-06) Chowti, Shilpa P.; Kulkarni, Girish N.
The present study attempted to analyze the pattern of generation, collection, storage, transportation, disposal of municipal solid waste and impact of open dumping of solid waste on human health among households residing near dumping yards in Hubballi-Dharwad Municipal Corporation (HDMC) and Bruhath Bengaluru Mahanagara Palika (BBMP). The secondary data on all aspects of solid waste was collected from selected Municipal Corporations from 2001-02 to 2016-17 and the primary data was obtained from 270 sample respondents through multistage random sampling. The municipal solid waste generated in the twin cities was 400 t/day of which, 360 t was collected (90.00 %) while, in Bengaluru it was about 4,500 t/day of which 4,000 t of waste was collected (88.89 %). Nearly 62.00 to 65.00 per cent of solid waste generated was biodegradable. Among the family type, joint families have generated more solid waste (1.66 and 1.70 kg/households/day in Hubballi-Dharwad and Bengaluru, respectively) as compared to nuclear families. Out of the total solid waste generated in Hubballi-Dharwad, about 390 t of waste was dumped in two open dumping yards while, only 10 t (2.5 %) was processed through vermicomposting whereas in Bengaluru, about 3,200 t of solid waste per day was landfilled in three sites and only 1,000 t (22.22 %) and 300 t (6.67 %) was processed using vermicompost and biomethanation process. The recycling of bio-degradable solid waste into vermicompost has high scope and was found to be financially feasible as implied by high IRR (26.12 % in Hubballi-Dharwad to 32.34 % in Bengaluru) and B:C ratio ( 1.50 and 2.04, respectively) with a recovery period of just two years. The major health problems among respondents residing near dumping yards were asthma, nose irritation and respiratory problems in adults and in case of children, frequent omitting, fever and malaria. Therefore, infrastructure needs to be built to recycle and dump the remaining waste in the sanitary landfill that are not suitable either for recycling and biological decomposition.
Open Access
Impact of Micro Irrigation Systems on Crop Productivity and Water use Efficiency in Northern Karnataka - an Economic Analysis
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2016-06) Rudrapur, Shreeshail; Mundinamani, S.M.
The study analysed the impact of micro irrigation systems (MIS) on crop productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) in major crops of northern Karnataka. Purposive multistage random sampling procedure was used for the selection of sample respondents. A total of 360 respondents were surveyed in Belagavi, Vijayapur, Bidar and Kalaburgi districts. The analytical tools used were compound annual growth rate, tabular and financial feasibility analyses, budgeting technique and garret ranking technique. The area covered and subsidy provided for adoption of MIS during the period 1991-92 to 2014-15 showed a positive growth rate of 20.33 per cent and 25.92 per cent per annum, respectively. The gain in WUE under MIS over conventional method of irrigation (CMI) was to the extent of 70.59 per cent, 53.63 per cent, 70.97 per cent, 66.29 per cent and 65.66 per cent in cultivation of sugarcane, maize, groundnut, redgram and rabi sorghum, respectively and increased the yield of these crops in that order to the extent of 34.50 tonnes, 11.50 quintals, 9.79 quintals, 5.50 quintals and 10.04 quintals. The increase in farm income under MIS over CMI in cultivation of sugarcane, maize, groundnut, redgram and rabi sorghum was ` 1,10,160.53, ` 20,870.55, ` 45,225.49, ` 35,934.76 and ` 30,310.70, respectively. The investment on MIS was found to be financially feasible and economically viable. Inadequate power supply, clogging of emitters, delay in sanction of subsidy and shifting of sprinkler irrigation system were the major constraints faced by the farmers in adoption and maintenance of MIS in the study area. Awareness among the farmers needs to be created about the benefits of investment on micro irrigation systems over conventional method of irrigation and efforts need to be made by the concerned departments /institutions/agencies for the timely supply of electricity and release of funds on a regular basis.
Open Access
Performance of Cereals Economy in Karnataka
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2016-06) Savitha M.G.; Kunnal, L.B.
A study was conducted to assess the performance of cereals (maize, paddy, jowar and wheat) economy in Karnataka. The secondary data pertaining to area, production, productivity, arrivals and prices were collected for a period from 1998-99 to 2013-14. The primary data were collected from 240 randomly selected farmers and 160 market functionaries (2014-15). The statistical techniques used were Compound Growth Rates, Principle Component Analysis, Gini-coefficient Analysis, Correlation regression analysis and Garrett’s Ranking Techniques. The growth in area of cereals showed a substantial annual decrement of -0.36 per cent whereas growth in production and productivity recorded a positive annual increment. The area under paddy, maize and wheat has recorded 2.58 per cent annual increment whereas jowar registered a significant negative growth (-1.71 %). The results of the principal component analysis revealed that the price factors dominated over the non-price factors in influencing the cereal crops production in the state. The concentration of market power as measured by the proportion of the total business handled by a few selling firms who controlled the major share of the cereals trade in study markets in the state. The correlation and linear regression results revealed that there was a positive relationship between arrivals and prices of cereals crops except for wheat in Dharwad market The proportion of marketable surplus was found to be more than 80 per cent for the cereal crops except for jowar. Producer’s net price share in consumer’s rupee was more when the farmers marketed their produce through shortest channel and it would be the most profitable one. Non-availability of labourers during the peak season and lack of remunerative prices were major problems faced by the farmers. To ensure the food security in the state concerted efforts to increase the productivity and production of cereals are needed by the cereal producers.
Open Access
Agricultural Development and Food Security In India and Nigeria: a Comparative Economic Analysis
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Isah Musa Ahmad; Kiresur, V.R.
The study aimed at comparing the agricultural development and food security between India and Nigeria. The mean GDP of India was seven times higher than that of Nigeria while GDP per capita of Nigeria was statistically higher to that of India. Service sector contributes highest to GDP but in Nigeria it was agriculture. The average productivity of major agricultural crops in India was averagely higher in India except in sorghum, millet, groundnut, coffee and cotton. There was a declining growth trend of cattle and camel population in India while in Nigeria the declined growth trend was in sheep and goat during the study period. Decomposition analysis in India indicated a productivity-led growth of cereals, area-led growth in pulses, fruits and non-food crops while in Nigeria there was a productivity-led growth in non-food, and an area-led growth in cereals, vegetables and oilseed crops, respectively. The food demand and supply gap in projection reveals that India would be in a surplus of all food commodity group(s) in the year 2020, 2025 and 2030 except in sorghum, pulses and oilseeds while Nigeria would be in surplus of maize, sorghum and fruits in the year 2020 and pulses in the year 2020, 2025 and 2030 respectively. Engel curve identifies similarity in consumption expenditure on food item in both the two countries. Meat, fish, beverages and fruits were revealed as superior food items in India and in Nigeria milk and milk products are superior food items. Food security multi- dimensional index places India at 60.76 per cent and Nigeria at 54.60 per cent improvement on food security.
Open Access
Impact of Climate Variability on Agriculture in North Karnataka-an Economic Analysis
(University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, 2016-06) Tirlapur, Laxmi N.; Mamle Desai, N.R.
Climate and agriculture are inextricably linked. Climate change will affect crop yield per hectare causing food insecurity and loss of livelihood. Therefore, present study was undertaken to analyze the impact of climate variability, weather extremities and impact of weather based farming on farm income in north Karnataka. Results revealed that, in Bellary, Bidar, Vijayapura, Kalaburagi and Raichur districts rainfall showed decreasing trend whereas in Belagavi, Dharwad and Uttara Kannda districts rainfall showed an increasing trend during 1983-2013. Maximum deviation in the magnitude of average rainfall between the driest and wettest years was observed for Uttara Kannada district i.e. 385.7 mm, followed by Belagavi (382.7 mm) and Bidar (332.7 mm) districts. Vulnerability analysis revealed that, Bidar ranked first in the overall vulnerability to climate change among the districts of north Karnataka between 1990 to 2013. Agricultural and occupational sector played a significant role to make Bidar district as highly vulnerable. Belagavi and Vijayapura were selected as drought affected areas. It was observed that yield of bajra, tur, sorghum and greengram were significantly affected due to drought in Vijayapura. Whereas, in Belagavi district sugarcane, safflower, bengalgram and cotton yield were affected significantly due to drought. Farmers were not able to cultivate 14.95 per cent and 27.73 per cent of area in Vijayapura and Belagavi districts respectively during drought. To address these problems farmers from Belagavi district using Agromet Advisory Service (AAS) were surveyed. Farmers were using AAS during spraying of plant protection chemicals followed by irrigation (66.67 %), sowing (43.33 %) and fertilizer application (13.33 %). Net returns obtained by AAS farmers was observed to be more in case of soybean (29.46 %) followed by cotton (28.44 %), wheat (26.49 %), greengram (26.45 %), sorghum (25.42 %), bengalgram (24.54%), sunflower (23.24 %), groundnut (20.92 %) and maize (19.44 %) compared to non-AAS farmers.
Open Access
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF SILK REELING UNITS IN KARNATAKA
(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 1999) KERUTAGI, M G; RANGANATHA SASTRY, K N
"Karnataka is leading in mulberry silk production. The focus of the study was on economic analysis of silk reeling units. Multistage sampling procedure was adopted and totally 250 samples were selected. Relevant data collected from primary' and secondary sources were analysed through tabular, cluster, orthogonal polynomial regression, log-linear regression, frontier function and decomposition techniques. The growth analysis of charka and cottage basins in Karnataka showed an increasing trend upto 1996, then onwards showed a declining trend. Charka and cottage basins in Bangalore and Kolar districts exhibited constant increasing trend. Mysore district showed a unique pattern of declining trend in the later part of 1990s. Renditta was 8.82, 9.57 and 9.02 kg in charka, cottage and multi-end basins respectively. The share of cocoon cost to the total cost was 85 percent in these systems. Sources of fuel used in reeling were neither eco-friendly nor cost-effective. Net returns per kg of silk reeled were Rs.47,21, Rs. 146.18 and Rs. 185.28 in these systems, respectively. Medium charkas (4-5/unit) and cottage basins (6-8/unit) were found optimum. The proportion of women labour used was more in all the systems. Labour employed per kg of silk reeled was 1.07, 1.45 and 1.34 man-days in charka, cottage and multi-end basins, respectively. The value addition (72.18%) in cottage basin reeUng over charkas was mainly due to technique of reeling (57.56%) and the remaining attributed for the use of inputs (14.62%). The package for introduction of silk reeling in new sericulture area suffers from lack of skilled labour, infrastructure, financial support and correct information about the programmes. The conditions under which children worked were most pathetic. Present laws and their efficiency of implementation have not solved the problem of child and women labour exploitation, hence needs the thorough investigation."

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