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ThesisItem Open Access INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN PADDY PRODUCTION: A RESOURCE ECONOMIC STUDY IN TIRUVARUR DISTRICT TAMIL NADU(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) TAMIZHENIYAN, S; UMESH, K BABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC DIMENSIONS OF BENEFICIARIES IN RANGAREDDY DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) NIRMALA, B; HIREMATH, G KABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access IMPACT OF CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES ON FARM ECONOMY IN VADODRA DISTRICT OF GUJARAT STATE - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2003) BHALAVAT, JIGAR N; B.L. PATIL, B LABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access PERFORMANCE OF BANANA PLANTATIONS IN NORTH KARNATAKA - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) GANGAL, SHIVANAND M; HUGAR, L BBanana is an important commercial fruit crop of tropical region. India with 15.08 MT of banana production contributed 17.15 per cent of world production. Karnataka state stood first in banana production (2.01 MT) with 6.69 per cent area. However, in recent years, banana growers are facing several problems in production and marketing aspects threatening the sustainability of its cultivation. Keeping this in view, the present study,was carried out in North Karnataka to assess the performance of banana plantation pertaining, growth in area and production, profitability and resource use efficiency. A multistage technique was used to select sample farmers (135). The growth rates in area, production and productivity were found to be higher in Bellaiy followed by Gulbarga and Belgaum districts in North Karnataka. The establishment cost of banana plantation worked out to be Rs. 14,759 per hectare, out of which 50 per cent was spent on suckers and staking. The cost establishment was lower in Belgaum district. The maintenance cost amounted to Rs. 32,336 per hectare per year. The productivity of banana was highest in Gulbarga district followed by Bellary and Belgaum districts. The cultivation of banana was found to be profitable in North Karnataka with net profit of Rs. 85,266 per hectare per year. Farmers received higher net price of Rs. 422 pre q when sold through wholesale-cum-commission agent than those who sold through village level trader (Rs. 3 3 4 /q). The banana wilt, bunchy top diseases, non-availability of technical assistance are the important constraints in cultivation of banana, while delayed payments of sale proceeds and high cost of transport were major problems in marketing. Thus, standardization of production technologies and its demonstration, strict enforcement of regulation of marketing practices are suggested for sustained cultivation of banana in North Karnataka.ThesisItem Open Access ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO USE OF AGRO-CHEMICALS IN COTTON PRODUCTION IN BELGAUM DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) MAHANTESH, N; PATIL, B. L.The excess use of agro-chemicals in agriculture has not only increased production costs of the farmers but also affected the welfare of society as well as the ecological balance. The use of agro-chemicals appears as an integral part of cotton cultivation. On an average 161.20 kgs of nitrogen (N), 93.10 kgs of phosphorous (P), and 60.02 kgs of potassium (K) were used per hectare, while the plant protection chemicals consumed were 15.73 litres of liquids and 3.98 kgs of dust per hectare. The yield obtained by the sample farmers was 17.17 quintals leading to the net income of Rs.3088.98 per hectare while the B-C ratio was 1.10, indicating meager profitability of the crop. The low net returns was mainly attributed to set back of monsoon and higher incidence of insect pests. The regression coefficients for all the inputs were found positive except plant protection chemicals. Timmer measure of technical efficiency indicated that majority of the farmers (50%) were operating in the efficiency range of 50 to 75 percent. The Kopp measure of technical efficiency revealed that majority of the sample farmers overused agro-chemicals between 15 to 30 percent excess level. The technological externality that the gross income and FYM application were the two factors, which influenced the overuse of pesticides significantly. The sample farmers have overused almost all pesticides than the recommended dose of UAS (D). Around 88 percent of farmers experienced health hazards such as conjunctivitis, giddiness, hand burns etc, and only few farmers (12%) have taken the curative measures. Majority of the sample farmers were facing the constraints such as non-availability of resistant varieties, bio-control agents, quality pesticides and so on. The study emphasizes on the necessity of educating the peasant community about the ill effects and hazards of harmful chemicals on human health and thus environment.ThesisItem Open Access RISK MINIMIZING CROP PRODUCTION STRATEGY FOR NORTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) MAHARJAN, AMINA; HIREMATH, G KRisk and uncertainties play a vital role in.-agriculture. The present study was undertaken in Northern Dry Zone of Karnataka with the objective of studying the growth and instability in yield of major crops, to ascertain the profitability ovsuccess of major crops by working out the breakeven level of yield, to measure the risk involved in various crops and to suggest appropriate crop plan for the zone. The ideal condition of high growth in yield (>1.93 %) and low interyield instability (< 30 %) was found to exist in wheat, groundnut and sunflower in Belgaum; rice, jowar, bajra, groundnut and sugarcane in Bijapur; wheat, bajra and groundnut in Dharwad and cotton crop in Raichur district. The probability of success was highest (1) in the crops HYV paddy, hybrid maize, sunflower (irrigated) and rainfed cotton among the Kharif season crops; hybrid wheat and bengalgram in rabi season and HYV paddy and groundnut in the summer season and the annual crop sugarcane. Taking into consideration both risk and the average net returns for various crops, the crops with low level of risk (<45%)and high average net returns (>Rs. 1000/ha) were HYV paddy, hybrid maize and sunflower during Kharif season; hybrid wheat during rabi season; HYV paddy in summer and annual crop sugarcane (planted). Employing the MOTAD programming, four different optimum crop plans with varying level of net return and associated risk was determined. The net farm income realized from existing crop plan was Rs. 996.84 crores. The net returns increased from Rs. 1006.02 crores in Model I to Rs. 1437.18 crores in Model IV and the CV increased from 0.09 per cent to 27 per cent, respectively. This clearly indicated the fact that with increase in returns the risk also increased. The result also indicated that the existing crop plan is sub-optimal and there is scope to increase net returns by changing the crop combination.ThesisItem Open Access GROWTH AND INSTABILITY OF COTTON PRODUCTION IN KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2002) ARITI, GIRMA ABOMA; MUNDINAMANI, S MThis study was taken up to (1) estimate growth rates in area, production and productivity of cotton in major cotton growing districts and the state as a whole (2) analyze the extent of instability in cotton production, (3) identify price and non-price variables responsible for instability in cotton acreage and (4) suggest appropriate measures to stabilize cotton production in the state. The data were collected from the Directorate of E)conomics and Statistics, Bangalore, for the period 1970-71 to 1998-99. Compound Growth Rate, Orthogonal Polynomial Regression Analysis, Sharma Output Decomposition, Coefficient of Variation, Hazel Decomposition Model, Factor Analysis and Nerlovian Price Ebcpectation-Cum-Area Adjustment Model were among the analytical techniques employed for analysis. Growth performance of cotton production in Kamataka was more pronounced (2.9% in period I, 4.55% in period II) during period II due to significant growth in both area and productivity, while in period I yield was the sole contributor. Production instability increased in the second period because of area variance (48.03%), yield variance (22.64%), interaction between changes in mean yield and area variance (21.2%) and change in mean yield (11.8%). Acreage response analysis indicated that cotton area was elastic with respect to lagged relative price, expected yield, lagged acreage and the time variables. This study suggested the need for area and yield stabilization policies to stabilize cotton production in the state. Assuring appropriate support prices could also minimize price risk in cotton cultivation.ThesisItem Open Access A STUDY ON SUSTAINABILITY OF DRY FARMING ON SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMS IN BIJAPUR DISTRICT OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) RAGHAVENDRA, M S; KUNNAL, L BABSTRACT NOT AVAILABLEThesisItem Open Access PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF HYBRID COTTON SEEDS IN NORTHERN KARNATAKA - AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS(University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, 2001) CHULAKI, BASAVARAJ M.; MUNDINAMANI, S MSeed is a very vital instrument for increasing agricultural production. The present study analysed the costs and returns structure anti production efficiency of private and public agencies in major hybrid (DCH-32) cotton seed-producing districts viz., Gadag and Koppal of Karnataka. The primary data required for the study was collected (during 19S)9-2000) from 100 seed growers comprising 50 each from private and public agencies. The data subjected to Cobb-Douglas production function and frontier production function analysis besides tabular presentation. The results revealed that the per-acre production cost estimated to be Rs.1,00,656.28 and Rs.1,03,311.45 in KSSC and Mahyco seed growers, respectively. The per-acre yields of seed obtained were 5.93 quintals in KSSC and 6.14 quintals in Mahyco seed growers group. The net returns proved to be higher in Mahyco seed growers (Rs.83,396.39) than in KSSC seed growers (Rs.78,699.11). The study revealed that hybrid cotton seed production was highly labour intensive. On an average, the per acre mandays requirement was 1354. The application of chemical fertilizers was more than the recommended in both the category of seed growers. The marginal productivity analysis indicates that land and human labour were underutilized. While fertilizer, FYM and irrigation were used more than the optimal level. The average mean technical efficiency index of KSSC seed growers was 0,7204, while it was 0.7948 for Mahyco seed growers. The producer's share in consumers rupee was 52.96 percent in KSSC and 53.03 percent in Mahyco seed growers. No-availability of skilled labour, inadequate and untimely availability of capital, non-availability of financial assistance from KSSC/Mahyco and non-existence of crop insurance and higher risk in production were the major problems confronting the seed growers.