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ThesisItem Open Access Studies on propagation of some cultivars of Mulberry (Morus spp.) through stem cuttings under Kashmir climatic conditions(SKUAST Kashmir, 2002) Peer, Khursheed Ahmad; Dar, H. U.Mulberry (Morus spp.) is a perennial tree of economic importance in Sericulture industry. Raising mulberry plants particularly temperate genotypes by cutting method with relative ease in the valley of Kashmir till recently have been ignored because of recalcitrant climatic conditions and prevalence of mulberry cultivars with inherent poor rooting ability. In view of this, an experiment was undertaken at the Division of Sericulture, Mirgund to study the possibility of propagating six promising cultivars of mulberry viz., Ichinose, Kokuso-27, *Chinese white (M. alba L.) Goshoerami, Rokokyaso (M. latifolia P.) and Enshutakasuke (M. bombycis K.) through stem cuttings under Kashmir Climatic conditions. In the first part of the experiment, three growth regulators viz., IAA, IBA and NAA in three concentrations of 100 , 200 and 400 g ml-1 each in two sets, one under natural conditions and other under polyhouse conditions were used. In the 2nd part of experiment, the influence of ringing of cuttings on rooting under natural as well as polyhouse conditions was studied, whereas in 3rd part of the experiment, the cuttings of test cultivars were planted during different growth periods of Kashmir beginning from 1st March to 16th April with 151 days intervals in between under natural conditions. In the last part of the experiment different portion of shoot viz., Terminal, Middle and Basal cuttings of the test cultivars were assessed for their rooting ability. The analysis of data in the first part of the experiment showed significant variation in rooting percentage and other growth traits amongst the genotypes. Rokokyaso registered maximum rooting (69.49%) followed by Chinesewhite (63.49%), Goshoerami (41.99%) and Kokuso-27(40.16%). An interaction between Varieties Growing conditions Hormones revealed that the application of 200 200 g ml-1 NAA improved rooting in Enshutakasuke, Kokuso-27 and Chinesewhite, 100 g ml-1 NAA in Goshoerami whereas IBA 200 g ml-1 proved effective in Rokokyaso under polyhouse conditions. IAA was found to be the least effective. In second part of the experiment, the ringing of cuttings significantly improved rooting and other growth traits even in Ichinose which showed least response to hormonal treatments, besides other test varieties. Analysis of data in third part of experiment revealed that best period of plantation of cuttings was somewhere between second fortnight of March to first fortnight of April, where as in the last part of experiment, it was observed that basal portion of shoot proved to be the best plant material for clonal propagationThesisItem Open Access Studies on Flower Regulation in Asiatic Lilium (Lilium x elegans Thunb)(2014) Malik, Kaiser Mohiuddin; Sheikh, M.Q.Present investigation entitled “Studies on Flower Regulation in Asiatic Lilium (Lilium x elegans Thunb)” comprised of two experiments, which were conducted during kharif 2012 and 2013 at AICRP floriculture research unit, regional research station Wadura, (SKUAST-K). Both the experiments were laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications each. In the experiment-I, four temperature regimes (Ambient, -4oC, 0oC and 4oC) and five storage durations (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) were studied in cultivar “Elite”. Data revealed that storage temperatures had significant effect on growth, flowering and bulb characteristics of Asiatic lilium. Bulbs stored at ambient conditions took minimum days to sprout (5.76) as against 11.97 days taken with -4 oC. However, bulb sprouting percentage was cent per cent on all temperature regimes. Ambient conditions also recorded maximum plant height (57.80 cm) and more leaf number (58.72 plant-1) as compared to -4 oC which recorded shortest plant (55.14 cm) and minimum number of leaves (54.47 plant-1). On the other hand 4 oC was superior in recording minimum days to appearance of flower bud (48.96 days), minimum days to colour break (54.98 days) and earlier anthesis (57.19 days). This temperature regime was also best in producing maximum number of flowers (6.40 plant-1), largest flower (11.91 cm), more number of bulbs (2.75 plant-1), heaviest bulb weight (61.99 g), maximum bulb diameter (2.94 cm), increased number of daughter bulbs (1.89), maximum diameter of daughter bulbs(0.66 cm), highest scale size (1.22 cm) and finally recorded efficient propagation coefficient (2.75) where as -4 oC was best in producing maximum number of scales (16.71). The influence of storage duration on flower regulation in Asiatic lilium was also significant on various vegetative and bulb characteristics. Under 8 week duration, bulbs sprouted earlier (8.03 days) than 1 week duration (9.89). However bulb sprouting percentage was cent percent on all storage durations. Again 8 weeks duration was superior in case of earliest appearance of flower bud (42.92 days), colour break (47.88 days), flower anthesis (49.82 days) weight of bulbs (80.78 g), diameter of bulbs (3.60 cm), diameter of daughter bulbs (1.21 cm) and scale size (1.90 cm). On the other hand 1 week duration was best in recording maximum plant height (63.15 cm), more number of leaves (72.99 plant-1), maximum number of flowers (4.45 plant-1), maximum flower diameter (10.25 cm), increased number of bulbs (4.01 plant1), more number of daughter bulbs (2.85), highest number of scales (21.81) and an efficient propagation co-efficient (4.01). In the experiment-II, four temperature regimes (Ambient, -4oC, -0oC and 4oC) and three storage durations (2, 4 and 6 weeks) were used and plants were disbudded at two stages i.e., at first bud appearance and at third bud appearance and a cultivar “Royal Trinity” was used. The significant effect of storage temperatures was also observed in this experiment on growth and development of Asiatic lilium. Earliest sprouting (8.18 days) was observed at ambient conditions against -4oC where bulbs took maximum days (10.33) to sprout. Bulb sprouting percentage was cent per cent on each storage temperature regime. The plant height (57.60 cm) and leaf number-1 (55.89) was also maximum at ambient conditions against -4oC where plant height (54.38 cm) and leaf number-1 (39.65) were lowest respectively. On the other hand 4oC was superior in recording minimum days to appearance of flower bud (52.59 days). Again at 4oC recorded maximum number of bulbs (3.37 plant1), heaviest bulb (97.63 g), maximum diameter of bulbs (4.59 cm), increased number of daughter bulbs (3.12), heaviest daughter bulb (1.36 cm), maximum scale size (1.30 cm) and efficient propagation coefficient (3.37) where as maximum number of scales (14.82 bulb-1) was recorded at -4 oC. The influence of storage duration on flower regulation in Asiatic lilium was also significant on various vegetative and bulb characteristics. Earliest bulb sprouting (6.30 days) was recorded under 6 weeks duration against 2 weeks duration where bulbs took maximum number of days (11.59) to sprout. However, bulb sprouting percentage was cent percent on each storage duration. Again 6 weeks was also found best in case of earliest appearance of flower bud (49.92 days), weight of bulbs (102.83 g), diameter of bulbs (4.89 cm), diameter of daughter bulbs (1.58 cm) and scale size (1.46 cm). On the other hand 2 weeks duration was found best in recording the maximum plant height (67.84cm), maximum number of leaves (72.74 plant1), number of bulbs plant-1 (4.88), number of daughter bulbs (4.15), number of scales (15.93) and propagation coefficient (4.88). Disbudding was used as a tool to enhance resource allocation towards the bulbs. Accordingly disbudding was carried out at two stages i.e. disbudding after first bud appearance and at third bud appearance. Disbudding along with its stages had a negative impact on plant height. Therefore, plant height was considerably reduced in plants disbudded at first bud appearance (49.65 cm) compared to non disbudded plants (62.42 cm). This got reflected in foliage characteristics as well where plants disbudded at first bud stage had least number of leaves (44.86) as compared to non disbudded plants (48.68). Commensurate to this, more resources got channeled in to the bulbs when they were disbudded after first bud appearance which produced increased number of bulbs (3.46) with maximum bulb weight (120.13 g) and diameter (5.87cm) as well as increased number of daughter bulbs (3.20 plant-1). Disbudding after first bud appearance also significantly increased the diameter of daughter bulbs (1.99 cm) over plants disbudded after third bud appearance (1.23) and non disbudded plants (0.59). Scale size (1.92 cm) and propagation coefficient (3.46) were also higher in plants disbudded after first bud appearance. However number of scales per bulb was more in non-disbudded plants (18.93). Hence it is concluded from the findings that the phenotypic variability exhibited in plants of both cultivars Elite and Royal Trinity in respective experiments in terms of vegetative, floral and bulb attributes under the influence of storage temperature, duration and disbudding represents not only genetic distinctness but also the efficiency with which bulbs of both the cultivars are able to with stand the refrigerated conditions with varied temperature and prolonged storage along with disbudding. The techniques of vernalization is commercially used to regulate flowering in lilium and the growers can fetch a better price by extending season or they may plan year round production cycle of cut flowers. The standardized technique of storage temperature and duration is recommended to serve as viable tool in regulating the flowering in lilium thus fetching a good price to the growers out of season. Disbudding on the other hand is an important operational tool which could be used for massive bulb production programme of lilium.
