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ThesisItem Open Access Pollination Compatibility Studies among different Coloured Cultivars of Apple(SKUAST Kashmir, 2022) Shivali Sharma; Sundouri, Amarjeet SinghThe present investigation entitled “Pollination compatibility studies among different coloured cultivars of apple” was conducted in the Experimental Farm of Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir during the year 2021. Full bearing cultivars of apple were selected and all possible crosses were made under the RBD design with three replications comprising of thirty cross combinations. Significant variations were observed among cultivars for all the floral phenological traits. Phenological studies indicated that varieties viz. Anna was early bloomer (21.30 DFRD), Pinova (39.60 DFRD), Red Chief (39.30 DFRD), Gala Redlum (38.30 DFRD) and Red Gold (39.60DFRD) were mid- bloomers and Granny Smith (44.60 DFRD) and Sunhari (44.00 DFRD)) were late bloomers. Amongst pollen cultivars highest pollen germination was recorded in Red Gold (75.98 %) followed by Red Chief Camspur (68.39 %), Gala Redlum (67.55 %), Red Velox (65.89 %) Red Chief (64.54%), and Anna (63.43%).Pollen viability was highest in Red Gold (92.42 %) followed by Red Chief (87.54%), Red Chief Camspur (86.43%) Anna (83.91 %), Gala Redlum (82.42 %) and Red Velox (81.33 %). Under open pollination conditions, highest fruit set was observed in Red Gold (76.33%) and lowest in Anna (51.44 %). Cross compatibility studies revealed that Red Gold as pollinizer gave highest fruit set in Golden Delicious Reinders (84.09%) followed by Golden Clone-B (80.33%) and Granny Smith (79.91%), whereas Anna showed partial compatibility with Pinova (38.33%), Sunhari (41.66%) and Golden Delicious Reinders (43.33%).Other cross combinations also had varied degrees of compatibilities. Anna used as male against female parents registered maximum fruit drop in Pinova (51.20%) followed by Sunhari (50.01%), Golden Clone-B (45.23%) and Golden Delicious Reinders (44.77%). Regarding xenia effect the pollen source significantly affected fruit firmness, TSS, fruit acidity, total sugars and fruit weight and colour values in all cross combinations Source of pollen also had positive and significant effects on the fruit qualitative characteristics of some varieties especially Granny Smith crossed with Red Gold which recorded good size parameters i.e. length (75.59 mm), diameter (82.04 mm), weight (224.52 g) and flesh firmness (9.53 kg/cm2). From the present study, it is concluded that variety Red Gold and Gala Redlum was best pollen source and exhibits maximum compatibility with most of the varieties.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of anti-oxidants and IBA on grafting success in walnut (Juglans regia L.)(SKUAST Kashmir, 2022) Khan, Saba Qayoom; Umar IqbalThe present investigation entitled “Effect of anti-oxidants and IBA on grafting success in walnut (Juglans regia L.)” was conducted under Protected conditions at Experimental field of Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during the year 2022. In this study, two anti-oxidants at two concentrations viz., Polyvinylpyrrolidone (2000 and 4000 ppm) and Ascorbic acid (2000 and 4000 ppm), were used on proximal end of rootstocks for one hour, along with the application of plant growth regulator IBA (applied on distal end of scions) at two different concentrations (50 and 200 ppm for one minute) before performing cleft grafting operation during the third week of February. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design including twenty treatments and three replications. The results revealed that grafting success in walnut was significantly influenced by different treatments. Highest graft take (96.66%), grafting success (70.00%), scion girth (31.76 mm), leaf area (126.57 cm2), lowest days taken to sprouting (32.49 days) and phenolic content (5.17mg/g) was recorded in treatment combination of PVP@ 4000ppm + scion dip with IBA @ 50ppm + four intermittent sprays of IBA @200ppm at weekly interval. Furthermore, the highest growth of scions at 15 days interval (30.99, 32.96, 40.91, 47.97, 57.84, 61.54, 62.94, 65.69 cm) and number of compound leaves at monthly interval (5.98, 7.97, 8.98) was again recorded in the same treatment combination which was statistically at par with treatment comprising of PVP@ 4000 ppm + scion dip in IBA @50ppm and treatment PVP@4000 ppm + four intermittent sprays of IBA @200ppm. The results of the present study have led to the conclusion that application of rootstocks and scions with anti-oxidants (PVP @4000 ppm) and plant growth regulator (IBA @50 ppm) followed by four intermittent sprays @200 ppm resulted in highest graft take (96.66%), grafting success (70%), and subsequent growth of walnut scions. However this treatment combination was found to be statistically at par with treatment comprising of PVP @4000 ppm + scion dip in IBA @50ppmThesisItem Open Access Effect of Blossom Thinners on Crop Load and Quality of Sweet Cherry cv. Sweet Heart(SKUAST Kashmir, 2022) Mir Uzma Parveze; Mir, Mohammad MaqboolThe present investigation entitled “Effect of Blossom Thinners on Crop Load and Quality of Sweet Cherry cv. Sweet Heart” was undertaken at Experimental field of Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during the year 2021-22. In this study, three types of blossom thinners were used at three different concentrations viz., Ammonium thiosulphate (1, 1.5 and 2%), Naphthaleneacetic acid (20, 40 and 60 ppm) and Corn oil emulsion (1, 2 and 3%). These blossom thinners were sprayed on the sweet cherry cv. Sweet Heart at 80 per cent bloom. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The results revealed that fruit set, yield and quality attributes were significantly influenced by different treatments. Maximum annual shoot extension growth (29.75 cm) and leaf area (89.62 cm2) was recorded in the trees sprayed with ATS @ 2 per cent that was statistically at par with the treatment of NAA @ 60 ppm whereas, maximum leaf chlorophyll content (2.52 mg/g fresh wt), initial fruit set (65.07%), days after full bloom to maturity (65 days), fruit retention (87.67%), fruit firmness (3.81 N), titratable acidity (0.89%) and yield (8.1 kg/tree) was recorded in control. Maximum fruit length (22.05 mm), diameter (22.85 mm), thickness (19.90 mm), length/diameter ratio (0.96), fruit weight (7.3 g), flesh weight (6.85 g), per cent increase in fruit weight (23.70%), fruit volume (6.55 cm3), fruit/stone ratio (15.59), hue° (22.34), chroma value (34.81) and return bloom (17.70%) was also recorded in the treatment comprising of ATS @ 2 per cent followed by the treatment of NAA @ 60 ppm. Highest TSS (19.35 °Brix), total sugars (15.32%), TSS/Acid ratio (26.14) and anthocyanin (20.87 mg/100g) was also found in fruits of the trees sprayed with ATS @ 2 per cent however, ascorbic acid content (13.77 mg/100g) was maximum in treatment of NAA @ 60 ppm. The cold storage studies revealed that the fruits can be stored well without any major deterioration in its quality upto 7 days. There has been gradual increase in TSS, total sugars and TSS/Acid ratio for 7 days of storage followed by gradual decrease in these quality attributes along with titratable acidity and ascorbic acid for 21 days. The results of the present investigation have led to the conclusion that blossom thinners were helpful in reducing the crop load of self fertile cultivars of cherry. The foliar spray of ATS @ 2 per cent and NAA @ 60 ppm, at 80 per cent bloom, significantly reduced the fruit set, thereby increasing the size, weight and quality of cherry fruits.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of clonal rootstocks and heights of grafting on development of one-year-old nursery plants of apple(SKUAST Kashmir, 2022) Mir, Mahrukh; Sharma, M. K.The present investigation entitled “Effect of clonal rootstocks and heights of grafting on development of one-year-old nursery plants of apple” was undertaken at experimental field of Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-K, during the year 2021 with the objective to study the influence of different grafting heights and clonal rootstocks on vegetative growth, leaf nutrient and leaf biochemical constituents of the scion cultivars. In the investigation, two clonal rootstocks i.e., M-9 (dwarf) and MM-106 (semi-vigorous) and two scion cultivars i.e., Vance Delicious (standard type) and Starkrimson (spur type) were used. Scion cultivars were grafted on the clonal rootstocks at five different heights, i.e., 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm. The results obtained revealed that apple cultivar Vance Delicious grafted on clonal rootstock MM-106 at 20 cm height had highest graft take success (92.33%), highest number of leaves (43.00), leaf area (25.20 cm2), final height from graft union (82.60 cm), highest number of days for leaf shedding (275.33 days), leaf nitrogen (2.17%), phosphorus (0.20%), potassium (1.48%), total carbohydrates (9.04%) and total sugars (4.17%) contents while highest leaf starch content (4.86%) was recorded in Vance Delicious grafted on MM-106 rootstock at 10 cm, 15 cm and 25 cm height. The cultivar Starkrimson grafted on M-9 rootstock at 15 cm height also resulted in highest graft take success (92.33%). The highest numbers of days for bud break (40.67 days) were recorded in Vance Delicious grafted on clonal rootstock MM-106 at 10 cm height. Highest leaf chlorophyll content (3.28 mgg-1fresh wt.) was recorded in cultivar Vance Delicious grafted on M-9 rootstock at 20 cm height. Longest stomata (23.17 µm) were recorded in cultivar Vance Delicious grafted at 10 cm height on MM-106 rootstock however, highest stomatal breadth (15.30 µm) was recorded in cultivar Vance Delicious grafted at 25 cm height on MM-106 rootstock. Stomatal density (376.33 stomata mm-2) was highest in cultivar Starkrimson grafted at 20 cm height on M-9 rootstock. It was concluded that apple cvs. Vance Delicious and Starkrimson grafted at 20 cm height on clonal rootstocks M-9 and MM-106 resulted in better growth and higher accumulation of leaf nutrients and biochemical constituents closely followed by both cultivars grafted at 15 cm height in comparison to other heights of grafting. Thus, grafting in apple should be performed at 20 or 15 cm height for production of better quality nursery plants.ThesisItem Open Access Evaluation of grape varieties with respect to heat unit accumulation under temperate conditions(SKUAST Kashmir, 2022) Shah, Hamiyah Khalid; Aroosa KhalilThe present investigation entitled “Evaluation of grape varieties with respect to heat unit accumulation under temperate conditions” was carried out at the experimental field of Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar campus during the year 2021. The experiment consisted of four varieties of grape viz. Thompson Seedless, Fantasy Seedless, Hussaini and Sahebi and was aimed to evaluate the grape varieties on the basis of phenology, agrometeorological indices, production and quality parameters. The design of experiment was RCBD with five replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among varieties of grape with respect to different observations. The results obtained depicted that Sahebi accumulated maximum number of days, GDD, PTU and HTU to reach every phenophase (bud burst-71.20 days, 78.55 GDD, 970.36 PTU and 471.73 HTU; panicle emergence- 104.00 days, 298.90 GDD, 3905.37 PTU and 1977.84 HTU; fruit set- 121.00 days, 500.50 GDD, 6668.97 PTU and 3631.38 HTU; ripe- 198.40 days, 1490.15 GDD, 19885.98 PTU and 11154.68 HTU, respectively) except flowering in which maximum values were noted in Fantasy Seedless (flowering- 115.00 days, 427.30 GDD, 5662.53 PTU and 3065.74 HTU, respectively) and veraison in which maximum values were observed in Hussaini (veraison- 170.20 days, 1136.00 GDD, 15313.18 PTU and 8274.24 HTU, respectively). Overall, Thompson Seedless took minimum number of days, GDD, PTU and HTU to reach each phenophase (bud burst-46.80 days, 36.00 GDD, 430.63 PTU and 231.70 HTU; panicle emergence- 71.80 days, 82.25 GDD, 1018.33 PTU and 511.01 HTU; flowering- 110.00 days, 357.35 GDD, 4703.35 PTU and 2367.75 HTU; fruit set- 117.00 days, 458.50 GDD, 6091.21 PTU and 3319.92 HTU; veraison- 156.80 days, 945.42 GDD, 12762.05 PTU and 7085.25 HTU; ripe- 185.20 days, 1319.70 GDD, 17716.34 PTU and 9777.34 HTU, respectively). Heat use efficiency, photothermal use efficiency and heliothermal use efficiency were noticed to be maximum in Thompson Seedless (14.39, 1.07 and 1.94 Kg ha-1 oC day-1, respectively ) and minimum in Fantasy Seedless (8.22, 0.61 and 1.09 Kg ha-1 oC day-1, respectively). Yield per vine and predicted yield per hectare were noted to be maximum in Thompson Seedless (17.10 Kg/vine and 18999.98 Kg/ha, respectively) and minimum in Fantasy Seedless (10.40 Kg/vine and 11555.54 Kg/ha, respectively). Thompson Seedless recorded maximum bunch weight (543.20g), bunch length (27.85 cm) and bunch diameter (18.06 cm) whileas Fantasy Seedless recorded minimum bunch weight (254.70g) and bunch diameter (10.97 cm), however, lowest bunch length (20.40 cm) was exhibited by Sahebi. Berry juice percentage was found to be highest in Sahebi (66.80 %) and lowest in Hussaini (45.82 %). Sahebi was found to have highest berry weight (7.42g), berry length (28.62 mm) and berry diameter (19.21 mm) whereas, Thompson Seedless recorded lowest berry weight (1.37g), berry length (13.73 mm) and berry diameter (11.80 mm) as well as lowest berry L/D ratio (1.16) and berry firmness (435.20 g force-1). Highest berry L/D ratio (1.58) and berry firmness (498.14 g force-1) were seen in Hussaini. Thompson Seedless showed highest “L*” (46.27), “b*” (15.48) and “C” (16.31) values whereas Fantasy Seedless showed lowest “L*” (27.24), “b*” (-0.29) and “C” (0.88) as well as lowest “H” value (-25.64). However, Hussaini noted highest “H” value (112.90). Highest “a*” value was exhibited by Sahebi (2.89) and lowest by Thompson Seedless (-5.14). Thompson Seedless and Hussaini had a CIRG value below 2 and were categorized as green-yellow varieties; Sahebi had a CIRG value of 5.46 and was categorized as a dark red variety. Fantasy Seedless showed a CIRG value of above 6 was classified as a blue-black variety. SSC was observed to be maximum in Fantasy Seedless (17.24 oBrix) and minimum in Thompson Seedless (13.50 oBrix). Titrable acidity was noticed to be highest in Thompson Seedless (0.65%) and lowest in Fantasy Seedless (0.55%). The SSC/acid ratio was found to be maximum in case of Fantasy Seedless (31.20) whereas minimum was recorded for Thompson Seedless (20.76). Total sugar was noted to be maximum in Fantasy Seedless (11.52%) and minimum in Thompson Seedless (9.00%). Berry anthocyanin content was recorded to be highest in Fantasy Seedless (41.72 mg per 100g) whileas in Thompson Seedless and Hussaini, it was depicted as 0.00 mg per 100g. Berry chlorophyll content was found to be highest in Thompson Seedless (297.80 µg/g) and lowest in Fantasy Seedless (224.20 µg/g). Thus, it was concluded that grape variety Fantasy Seedless was the best in terms of berry chemical characteristics and even colour development. Thompson Seedless stood first in terms of production and bunch physical characteristics but did not perform well in terms of chemical parameters. Sahebi performed the best in berry physical characteristics. Though Sahebi is a predominant variety grown in Kashmir but Fantasy Seedless is superior in terms of berry chemical characteristics and even colour development and can be recommended to the farmers for better remunerations.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of calcium, potassium and GA3 on quality and storage of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cv. Lucas(2022) Furqaan Farooq; Shabeena MajidThe present investigation entitled “Effect of calcium, potassium and GA3 on quality and storage of pear (Pyrus communis L.) cv. Lucas” was carried out in the Experimental Field, Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-K Shalimar during the year 2020.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications with one plant per replication. The treatments consisted of three levels of Calcium Chloride (0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%), three levels of Calcium Nitrate (0.25%, 0.5% and 0.75%), three levels of Potassium Nitrate (0.5%, 0.75% and 1%) and three levels of GA3 (50ppm, 75ppm and 100ppm) constituting total 13 treatments. The treatments were applied as foliar spray at 45 and 60 days after full bloom respectively. Results revealed that maximum fruit weight (258.63g), fruit volume (229.00 cm3), fruit length (91.34mm), fruit diameter (78.82mm), L/D ratio (1.153) and specific gravity (1.130) was observed under T12 (GA3 at 100ppm). Maximum fruit firmness (7.61 kg/cm2) at harvest was observed under T3 (CaCl2 @0.75%). Highest values for L* (60.24) and b* (37.13) were observed under T9 (KNO3 @ 1.5%) whereas highest a* value (-5.64) was observed in T0 (Control). Maximum organoleptic rating was recorded under T9 (KNO3 @ 1.5%). Potassium treatments were found superior to other treatments in terms of enhancing fruit chemical characteristics. Maximum values for fruit TSS (13.73 OBrix), TSS/Acid ratio (44.02), reducing sugars (7.94%), non-reducing sugars (1.64%), total sugars (9.67%) were observed under T9 (KNO3@1.5%) however titrable acidity was found significantly lower (0.31%) under T9 (KNO3@1.5%). The highest value for calcium in fruit flesh (0.090%) was observed under T3 (CaCl2@0.75%) whereas highest potassium (1.017%) was observed under T9 (KNO3@1.5%). Chlorophyll content of peel was found maximum (1.908mg/g) under T9 (KNO3 @ 1.5%). Storage characteristics were significantly improved by various treatments. Physiological loss in weight and spoilage during ambient storage conditions was found minimum under T3 (CaCl2 @ 0.75%). Minimum decrease in fruit firmness during storage was observed under T3 (CaCl2 @ 0.75%). Calcium treated fruits had significantly lower cork spot incidence. Minimum score for cork spot incidence at each interval was observed under T3 (CaCl2 @ 0.75%) whereas maximum incidence was recorded in T12 (GA3 at 100ppm). From the present study, it is therefore concluded that the application of calcium, potassium and GA3 was effective in enhancing fruit physiochemical as well as storage characteristics of pear cv. Lucas.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of growth regulating chemicals on walnut budding under varied environmental conditions(SKUAST Kashmir, 2022) Deoshish Attri; G. I. HassanThe present investigation entitled “Effect of growth regulating chemicals on walnut budding under varied environmental conditions” was conducted under Protected and Open field condition in Experimental Farm, Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir during the year 2021to2022. The research programme consisted of two experiments. First experiment consisted of two factors i.e. rootstock treatment and scion wood treatment, rootstock treatment had four levels (R0: no treatment, R1: rootstock treated with 6-BAP @ 500 ppm, R2: rootstock treated with IAA @ 500 ppm, R3: rootstock treated with ascorbic acid @ 500 ppm) and scion wood treatment had five levels (S0: no treatment, S1: defoliation of scion 20 days before budding (DFS), S2: DFS + 6-BAP @ 10 ppm (dip for 10 minutes), S3: DFS + IAA @ 10 ppm (dip for 10 minutes) and S4: DFS + ascorbic acid @ 10 ppm (dip for 10 minutes)). Rootstock treatment was done one week before budding and scion wood treatment was done at the time of budding. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design and replicated thrice. Second experiment consists of six treatments (T1: Ascorbic acid @ 300 ppm, T2: Ascorbic acid @ 300 ppm, T3: Ascorbic acid @ 700 ppm, T4: Ascorbic acid @ 900 ppm, T5: Ascorbic acid @ 1200 ppm and T6: control) and was applied at the time of budding. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Two years old seedling rootstocks of walnut were selected and scion wood were budded on rootstock using chip budding. Scion wood was collected from healthy mother plant and was defoliated 20 days budding. Budding was done in protected and open field conditions in the third week of September, 2021. Under protected condition highest budding success (58.33%), bud sprouting percentage (66.66%), bud take percentage (83.33%), total chlorophyll content (0.41mg/g FW) and lowest total phenolic content (21.08 mg GAE/100g) was found in treatment combination of defoliated scion wood and rootstock treated with ascorbic acid @ 500 ppm whereas highest shoot length (174.71cm), diameter (24.36 mm), lowest days taken to bud swell (20.34) and maximum number of compound leaves (12.67) was observed in treatment combination of defoliated scion wood and rootstock treated with IAA@ 10 ppm and IAA @ 500 ppm respectively and highest nutrient content {N(2.75%), P(0.35%), K(1.72%)} and leaf area (398.91cm2) was observed in treatment combination of defoliated scion wood and rootstock 6-BAP @ 10 ppm and 6-BAP @ 500 ppm respectively. On the other side, no success was obtained in open field conditions because of unfavourable environmental conditions. From the study it has been concluded that walnut propagation is a very challenging job, during this study it was observed that climatic condition is a major dominating factor for vegetative propagation of walnut. Phenolic content of walnut especially Juglone is responsible for inhibiting walnut propagation, growth regulating chemicals used in present investigation were found more efficient. The results obtained in present study indicate that growth regulating chemicals along defoliated scion wood can be preferred to get high budding success rate.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on Weed Management in Apple Nursery(SKUAST Kashmir, 2022) Asrar Ul Haq; Angrej AliThe present study entitled “Studies on Weed Management in Apple Nursery” was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science & Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir (India) during the year 2020. The experiment was laid out with seven treatments: T1 (manual weeding), T2 (pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1), T3 (pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1 + manual weeding), T4 (paddy straw mulch-6cm thick), T5 (black polyethylene mulch-200 micron), T6 (weed free) and T7 (weedy check). The design of experiment was RCBD with three replications. Among different weed management practices evaluated, black polyethylene mulch resulted in the lowest weed density and weed dry weight; and the highest weed control efficiency. Maximum plant height (87.81cm), number of leaves (45.04), leaf area (23.63 cm-2) and graft survival (90.60%) was recorded under black polyethylene mulch followed by paddy straw mulch and pendimethalin @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1 + manual weeding. Maximum scion girth (3.26 cm), rootstock girth (4.38 cm), leaf chlorophyll (1.84 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight), leaf nitrogen (1.88 %), leaf phosphorus (0.30 %) and leaf potassium (1.15 %) was recorded under paddy straw mulch followed by black polyethylene mulch. The highest benefit: cost (B:C) ratio was recorded under black polyethylene mulch (1.83), followed by pendimethalin @1 kg a.i. ha-1 + manual weeding (1.77) and paddy straw mulch (1.74). In terms of monetary returns, black polyethylene mulch was found to be the best weed management strategy; however, manual weeding + pendimethalin (1 kg a.i. ha-1) can also be considered as a second option for weed management in apple nurseries.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of Pre harvest Application of Salicylic acid, Ascorbic acid and Calcium Chloride on Post harvest Grape Quality(2022) Asif Hassan; Banday, Shafat AhmadAn experiment entitled “Effect of Pre harvest Application of Salicylic acid, Ascorbic acid and Calcium Chloride on Post harvest Grape Quality”. was conducted at the Experimental Field of the Division of Fruit Science, SKUAST-K, Shalimar during 2020-2021 to standardize the effect of Salicylic acid, Ascorbic acid and Calcium chloride for improving the postharvest quality and shelf life of Thompson Seedless grapes. The investigation involved 10 treatments (T0: Control, T1: 250ppm Salicylic acid, T2: 400ppm Salicylic acid, T3: 550ppm salicylic acid, T4: 3000ppm CaCl2, T5: 5000ppm CaCl2, T6: 7000ppm CaCl2, T7: 750ppm Ascorbic acid, T8: 1000ppm Ascorbic acid, T9: 1250ppm Ascorbic acid) laid out in randomized completely block design and replicated thrice. The results of the study revealed that treatment T2 significantly improved quality parameters viz. Bunch and Berry Length, Width, Weight and TSS content (both at harvest and under storage). While lowest spoilage (%) was recorded in treatment T3. Maximum Berry firmness (at harvest and during storage) and lowest acidity was recorded in Treatment T4 at the time of harvest. Maximum juice content was recorded in the treatment T8. Treatment T4 also resulted in lowest Physiological loss in weight (plw) during all days of storage. Therefore it can be concluded that application of salicylic acid (400ppm), Calcium chloride (3000ppm) and Ascorbic acid (1000ppm) were most effective in improving the physical and chemical parameters.
