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ThesisItem Open Access Comparative study on the effects of different sheds on the growth performance of Vietnam koi (Anabas testudineus Linn.) fish in biofloc system(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Sandeep Kumar; Dahiya, TejpalThis thesis titled "Comparative study on the effect of different sheds on growth performance of Vietnam koi (Anabas testudineus Linn.) in Biofloc system" aimed to compare the effectiveness of two biofloc systems (with green net and tin shed) in maintaining water quality parameters for successful Vietnam koi fish culture. The study was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022 for six months, comparing the average weight and length gain, survival rate, specific growth rate (SGR), and water quality parameters between the two systems. The study found that both systems were effective in maintaining water quality parameters, but the green net shed biofloc system showed better results in terms of fish growth (110.16 g), nitrite (0.20 mgL-1), floc volume (27.76 mlL-1), alkalinity (208.07 mgL-1), and maintenance of optimum temperature (28.740C). A. testudineus reared under the green net shed biofloc system had significantly higher daily weight gain (0.99 g) and lower feed conversion ratio (1.05) than those under the tin shed biofloc system. The specific growth rate (SGR) was not significantly different between the two systems (1.79 g and 1.69 g for green net and tin shed respectively). The study observed that ammonia levels were higher (0.31 mgL-1) in the tin shed than green net shed (0.27 mgL-1) biofloc system and was within the acceptable range for Vietnam koi farming. The results of this study suggest that the green net shed biofloc system is a better option for successful Vietnam koi fish culture in terms of growth performance and water quality parameters.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of stocking density, salinity & Azolla based feed on growth and survival of Indian Butter Fish Pabda (Ompok bimaculatus)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) Maurya, Mitrasen; Ahalavat, ShikhaThe present study was conducted to know the effect of stocking density, salinity and azolla based feed on growth and survival of Indian butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus). The experiment was carried out for 45 days (1st experiment), 45 days (2nd experiment) and 60 days (3rd experiment). In first set of experiment, the fingerlings of O.bimaculatus were stocked under three different stocking densities such as 10 fingerlings/tank (T1), 15 fingerlings/ tank (T2) and 25 fingerlings/ tank. Under first experimental study, the highest weight gain, specific growth rate, and length gain were found in O.bimaculatus at a lower stocking density (10fingerlings/tank) with values of 2.95 g, 1.12%, and 1.10 cm, respectively. The lowest FCR was recorded (1.90) in T1 (10fingerlings/tank) and highest (2.58) was recorded in T3 (25 fingerlings/tank). A 100% survival rate was observed at a lower stocking density of 10 fingerlings per tank, while an 88% survival rate was observed at a higher stocking density. In the second objective of my research work, the survival rates were determined to be 100% in T1 (0.5 ppt), 96.66% in T2 (2 ppt), 63.3% in T3 (4 ppt), and 33.3% in T4 (6 ppt). Additionally, it was observed that weight gain was highest at lower salinity levels (0.5 ppt), while the lowest weight gain was recorded at higher salinity levels (6 ppt). fishes growth declined significantly at 4 and 6 ppt (p≤0.05). Under my research work, the effect of different percent of Azolla diet in combination with commercial feed on the growth and survival of O. bimaculatus was observed in the last experiment. fingerlings of O.bimaculatus were reared under four treatment such as T1(Commercial diet), T2( Commercial diet + 20 % Azolla), T3(Commercial diet + 30% Azolla ) and T4(100%Azolla).Under third experimental study, the highest DWG, ADWG and SGR were found in fingerlings in T2( Commercial diet + 20 % Azolla) with values of 0.29 g, 0.31 g, and 1.75% respectively and lowest in T4(100% Azolla ) with values 0.04 g, 0.04g and 0.39 %. FCR was recorded better in T2(1.61) than T1(1.87), T3 (1.96) and T4(6.61). A survival rate of 83.33% to 96.66% was achieved in the third experiment of my research study, even in the control group and with a 100% Azolla diet. A high rate of survival was observed in both the T2 group and the control group.ThesisItem Open Access Ichthyofaunal diversity along with socio-economic status of farmers in Hisar District of Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2022-07) Yadav, Shankar Lal; Dahiya, TejpalThe study was carried out in the Hisar District, which is located in Haryana, India. Ichthyofaunal diversity along with socio-economic status of farmers in Hisar District of Haryana were monitored from October 2021 to March 2022. The recorded fish diversity revealed 12 fish species have been recorded from Hisar District which belongs to 4 orders, 7 families and 12 genera. In present investigation it is observed that 37.7% of fish farmers have fisheries as primary occupation and 52% farmers had an annual income between Rs. 3 to 4.5 lakh. The present study gives enlightening information on Ichthyofaunal diversity and socio-economic conditions of fish farmers of Hisar District.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of plankton diversity and hydro biological parameters at selected sites of Yamuna river(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) Ambrish Singh; RavikantThe study was conducted to assess the plankton diversity and hydrobiological parameters at selected sites of Yamuna river. The plankton diversity and hydrobiological parameters were observed from June to November, 2022. The 96 genera of planktons recorded. Out of this 76 genera of phytoplankton recorded belonging to class Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Dianophyceae and 20 genera of zooplankton were recorded belonging to Protozoa, Copepoda, Cladocera, and Rotifera have been identified in all the sampling sites during the study period. Shannon and Weaver diversity index for plankton was reported maximum in Tajewala barrage (1.984) followed by Wazirabad barrage (1.972) and Okhla barrage (1.871). The maximum temperature value recorded during pre-monsoon and minimum in the post-monsoon season was recorded in all the locations. The pH values of water in Tajewala, Wazirabad, and Okhla barrages were recorded from 7.3 to 8.4. The highest electrical conductivity values were observed in the Okhla barrage (1,527.25 μs/cm), followed by the Wazirabad barrage (1,227.75 μs/cm) and the Tajewala barrage (323.75 μs/cm). The DO levels ranged from 5.33 to 6.57 mg/L, 4.13 to 5.25 mg/L, and 1.7 to 3.6 mg/L. Salinity, free carbon dioxide, ammonia, TDS, Bicarbonates, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, calcium and magniseum varied at Tajewala, Wazirabad, and Okhla barrages at different times during the study period. The present investigation shows that the maximum level of presumptive coliform count recorded at Tajewala barrage maximum in November 2022 and lowest in September 2022. At Wazirabad, the barrage was recorded maximum in June and November, months. At Okhla barrage it was maximum recorded in November and lowest in July, August and September. This study revealed that the Tajewala barrage had the highest plankton diversity compared to Wazirabad and Okhla barrages. The water quality parameters measured, including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen levels, varied across the three barrages, indicating the potential influence of various factors such as industrial and municipal waste disposal and sewerage effluents.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of indigenous herbal plants on immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) challenge to Aeromonas hydrophila infection(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-05-22) Pandey, Shivam; Gajender SinghThis study conducted for 90 days to evaluate the effects of neem and tulsi leaf extracts on immunity and growth parameters of common carp challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The fishes were fed for 30 days with an experimental diet containing different herbal extracts, including T2 (Basal diet + 5% neem leaf extract), T3 (Basal diet +5% tulsi leaf extract), T4 (Basal diet +5% combined neem and tulsi leaf extract) and T1 (Control diet). The combination of neem +tulsi leaf extract demonstrated the highest antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (0.005%), with the largest zone of inhibition (21 mm). The therapy had a 70% death rate at the maximum dose of 1 ×108 cfu/ml. Overall mean values for all treatments (Mean B) showed a similar trend with T4 having the highest RBCs count (1.68) followed by T2 (1.66), T3 (1.65), and T1 (1.33). All the haematological parameters decreased after infection and WBCs are increased. The mean length gain percentage for all treatments over 30, 60, and 90 days was 13.29%, 14.27%, and 16.01%, respectively. The control group (T1) had the lowest mean weight gain percentage of 72.87%. There were no significant differences observed in the length gain percentage between the different treatments. T4 (5% Neem + Tulsi) had the lowest FCR at all time points, with a mean FCR of 1.95 at 30 days, 6.35 at 60 days, and 2.55 at 90 days. The results also revealed that the treatments applied in T2 (53.33± 3.33%), T3 (53.33± 3.33%), and T4 (70.00± 5.77%) may have a positive impact on the survivability of fish. The mean SGR value for the control treatment (T1) was 0.84, while T2, T3, and T4 had slightly higher mean SGR values of 0.88, 0.87, and 0.90, respectively.ThesisItem Open Access Isolation, characterization of chitin and product development from shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone)(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-06) Mohammed Rizwan; Gulati, RachnaDuring present investigation, chitin was isolated from shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei waste and characterized with the help of SEM studies, infrared NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform spectroscopy analysis. The proximate composition of cultured shrimp, L. vannamei revealed the maximum proportion of proteins (60.17%) followed by moisture (19.66%), ash (7.94%), fibre content (5.70%) and fat content (4.04%). The isolation of chitin was done under two steps: demineralization and deproteinization. Demineralization was done with dilute hydrochloric acid HCl solution in 1:4 ratio, first with 3 h, then overnight. Deproteinization process was carried out using alkaline treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (5%) to remove proteins in a ratio of 1:5. The SEM image of isolated chitin showed clear image of CaCO3 enriched chitin from L. vannamei, rough surface and broken structure. At higher magnification, few microfibrils of chitin were visible. The spectrum of isolated chitin through NMR spectroscopy, XRD diffraction patterns, FTIR spectroscopy and commercial chitin indicated high structural homogeneity. The ionic liquid extracted chitins had two distinct peaks in their XRD patterns at 19.2° and 9.38° and many weaker peaks around 13°, 23°, and 26.5°. The proximate composition of isolated chitin on dry weight basis was 22.12±0.46 percent protein, 15.76±0.88 percent fat, 5.3±0.15 percent moisture and 7.64±0.28 percent fibre content. Total volatile basic nitrogen content and trimethyl amine content in frozen shrimps, L. vannamei was significantly high in non-glazed shrimps (14.30, 8.36 mg/100 g) and distilled water glazed shrimps (14.16, 8.27 mg/100 g). These significantly decreased in 1 (7.34, 7.04 mg/100 g), 2 (7.84, 7.84) and 4 (9.65, 6.28 mg/100 g) percent turmeric extract, respectively. Shrimps glazed with 1 percent turmeric extract had significantly lower pH (6.67) than shrimp glazed with 2 (6.71), 4 (6.74) percent turmeric extract followed by distilled water glazed (6.91) and without glazed (6.89) shrimps. The trimethyl amine content (2.29 mg/100 g), total volatile basic nitrogen content (7.34 mg/100 g), pH (6.67) of frozen shrimps was low at the beginning of study which significantly increased to 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week of storage. The moisture content of frozen shrimps was higher (10.83%) in non-glazed shrimps followed by water glazed (10.71%), 1 (10.65%), 2 (10.51%) and 4 (10.17%) percent turmeric extract glazed shrimps but statistically the difference among treatments were non-significant. The moisture content was 10.15, 11.39, 11.33 percent at 4, 8 and 12 weeks of storage which were significantly lower than the moisture content (11.91%) at 16 weeks of storage. Week wise, the appearance (7.95), texture (7.58), smell (8.36), taste (8.21) and overall quality (8.40) score of frozen shrimps was significantly higher at 0 day which declined significantly over time. The appearance (7.93), texture (7.68), smell (7.90), taste (7.67) and overall quality (8.18) score of frozen shrimps glazed with 1 percent turmeric extract followed by 2 and 4 percent turmeric extract glazing as compared to glazing done with distilled water (7.34, 7.08, 7.48, 7.46, 7.66), respectively. Without glazed frozen shrimps were liked least (7.20, 7.07, 6.77, 6.67, 7.64) by the respondents.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on bacterial diseases of cultured freshwater fishes(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-07) Verma, Ajay Kumar; Ahalavat, ShikhaPresent study was conducted to know the bacterial diseases of cultured freshwater fishes. It includes a survey in Hisar distinct of Adampur, Agroha, Barwala, Hisar1, Hisar 2, and Hansi 1 block and total 25 villages for ten months (February to December 2022) to assess pond fishery resources and the livelihood status of fish farmers. This indicates that a significant proportion of the study participants use Aquaculture drug for their fish culture (fig.9). The highest percentage of participants (52%) belongs to medium size farmer categories, followed by small (32%) and large (16%) farmers (Fig.8). The survey included 25 fish farmers from 25 village of Hisar (Haryana). In contrast, the vast majority of representing 88% reported no diseases among their fish farming. They are aware about fish diseases and other important parameter related to fish farming. Isolation of bacteria from fish to isolate bacteria from infected fish sample is collected from different parts of the fish, such as the gut, gill and infected regions. The study also highlights the potential of using 16S ribosomal RNA gene as a reliable marker for identifying bacterial species. The isolated bacteria were Aeromonas Enteropelogenes, Aeromonas Hydrophila, and Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas hydrophila (isolate from Catal, Rohu, Common carp, and Silver carp). . All the bacteria was associated with the different types of diseases including tail rot, fin rot, dropsy and motile aeromonas septicemia etc. according to the symptoms observed on infected fish body.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of fish species and migratory aquatic birds’ biodiversity in Yamuna river (Haryana)(CCSHAU Hisar, 2022-07) Yadav, Shri Ram; RavikantThe study was conducted to assess the fish diversity and migratory aquatic birds in the Yamuna river at selected sites. The fish and migratory aquatic birds were monitored from September 2021 to April 2022. The 64 fish species belonging to seven orders and 17 families and 59 bird species belonging to eight orders and fourteen families were recorded in the present investigation. Cypriniformes order and Cyprinidae family were found to be the most dominant. Indian major carp, along with exotic carps and Wallago attu, contribute a significant portion of the fish catch of the Yamuna river in the studied sites. The Order Charadriiformes was dominant, containing 31 per cent of bird species. The family Anatidae was found to be dominant, including 25 per cent of bird species. Out of 59 bird species, 33 species were winter migrants, 16 species were residents, and ten species were local migrants. The twenty-four bird species were very common; 20 were common, eight were rare, and seven were less common in the study area, and out of total bird species, 50% were found to be Least concern (LC). The 17 genera of phytoplankton belonging to four major groups were recorded. Out of 19 genera of zooplankton population, nine genera belonged to (Copepoda), two genera (Rotifera), four genera (Cladocera), and two genera (Protozoa ) recorded. The physicochemical water quality parameters during the present investigation were recorded at the poorest level in April in the Faridabad riverine system. The present study gives enlightening information on fish bio-diversity and assists in understanding the water nature of the Yamuna river. Fish –biodiversity is an indicator of ecosystem health, conservation status and human food resources. The fish biodiversity of the Yamuna river was poor, indicating its water quality. There is a need of the hour to conserve the vulnerable and endangered fauna of the Yamuna river through suitable conservation strategies.
