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Open Access
Evaluation of the repellent properties of indigenous essential oils against the rodent species
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-07-25) Varsha; Ravikant
Rodents are one of the most persistent and ubiquitous vertebrate pests that affect the human population. It is an indoor pest, and various rodenticides are used for its management. Studies of the repellent effect of botanically extracted essential oils of plants citronella & cinnamon were conducted on Mus musculus in the Department of Zoology & Aquaculture. Among different concentrations (5, 10, 20%), the 20% concentration carries the maximum repellent effect on house mice (Mus musculus). There were different modes of application of essential oils. Still, among the four observed during the study (direct application on coarse wheat grains, application on gunny bags containing coarse wheat grains, mixing of essential oil with wax and coating it on gunny bags filled with wheat grains, wax blocks made using the essential oil, paraffin wax and coarse wheat grains); direct application of essential oil on coarse wheat grains has more effect as repellent meanwhile essential oil mixed with wax and wheat grains has longer lasting impact along with maintaining the efficient repellent property. There can be different frequencies of application and out of which three were used during the experiment (daily, alternate days, once a week), out of which daily application was comparatively more efficient than the remaining two. Still, when it comes to per cent repellency and overall efficiency, the weekly application was best. Overall, 20% concentration treatment of essential oil in wax blocks weekly has the best results. When comparing mean food consumption and weight gain between males and females, males consumed more food than females, and weight gain was also higher in males, but females were more active throughout. The overall effect of essential oil treatment on both gender, female mice were comparatively more repelled than male.
Open Access
Effect of biomordants on dyeability of cotton fabric with natural dye
(CCS HAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Neeta; Arya, Nisha
Increasing concern about environmental pollution in all sphere of life has raised grave concern and heated debates around the world about the concept of ecology and environment. In the present time, commercially viable alternative methods for preparing and finishing cotton substrates based on the use of biomordants have emerged. Keeping in view the current scenario of environmental consciousness, the present study has been planned to assess the effect of biomordant on dyeing efficacy of cotton with natural dye substituting metal based mordant and salts. Standardization of biomordanting process for two biomordants i.e. harad and heena was done on the basis of dye absorption, colour strength and wash fastness rating for different concentrations and treatment conditions. The desized and scoured fabric were pre-treated with selected two biomordants and dyed with selected natural dye. Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis of biomordanted fabric samples. SEM analysis demonstrated plain surface of biomordant treated sample. The colour coordinates, colour strength and colour fastness of the biomordant treated dyed samples were assessed. Various mechanical, performance and functional properties of the biomordant treated dyed fabric were also tested. Comparative analysis was also done between scoured fabric treated with biomordants and dyed with natural dye. The parameter optimized for biomordanting process of scoured fabric were pre mordanting stage with 5 and 10 per cent concentration, 1:30 M: L Ratio, 6 and 4 pH, 60° and 80°C treatment temperature and 60 and 45 minutes treatment time for heena and harad, respectively. Both the biomordant treated dyed samples exhibited good (4) to very good (4/5) colour fastness properties. The results revealed that among both the biomordants treated dyed fabrics, heena treated dyed fabric showed maximum increase in bending length (2.39 cm) and heena treated dyed sample showed highest increase in elongation (29.68%), crease recovery angle (113 degree), moisture regain (10 %) and wickability (3.86cm). The heena treated and Babool bark dyed fabric showed the highest UPF value (56.89) indicating excellent protection category while in harad treated dyed fabric UPF value was (48.76). The biomordants treated dyed fabrics showed bacterial resistance against E. coli (93.35%) and S. aureus (88.07%). Thus, it is concluded that biomordants treatment enhanced the dyeing efficacy of the cotton fabric with better colour fastness properties. The biomordant treatment and Babool bark dye improved the mechanical and performance properties of cotton fabric with very good to excellent protection from UV radiation and bacterial attack. Hence, the biomordants are suitable replacement materials for cotton fabric in textile wet processing due to their positive response towards environment and no harmful effect on fabric properties.
Open Access
Development of an efficient protocol for micropropagation of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Swati Rani; Upendra Kumar
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is the most important fruit worldwide. Micropropagation is mainly for the clonal multiplication.Strawberry cvs. Grenada and Petaluma were micropropagated for rapid shoot and root multiplication. Meristematic part and leaf primordia is source of explants. Foe the sterilization process, the explants were dipped in two to three drops of Tween 20 per 100 ml for 10 minutes with distilled water, 0.5% Bavisitin & Streptocycline for 30 mintues with antimicrobial supplement and 0.1% HgCL2 for 2 minutes gave the maximum aseptic cultures. After the surface sterilization of meristemetic part of plants 3-5 mm long was used as a explant. Multiplication stage results indicate that highest auxiliary buds were observed when MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/l and 1.5 mg/l BAP in Petaluma and Grenada. At rooting stage, it was clear visually that MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of BAP with 1.5 mg/l of IBA in both the cultivars gave the best results of enhanced number roots with higher length and number shoots with higher length per explants. The best result for root multiplication indicating the use of IBA with ( 1.0, 1.5 mg/l) concentration as compared to other treatments.The highest response for the shoot multiplication was obtained with MS containing 1.5 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l BAP respectively. The present research is very useful in commercializing the new cultivars of strawberry into north Indian conditions which gives higher yield of fruits.
Open Access
Evaluation of okra cultivars for growth, yield and quality under different dates of sowing
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Sunil Kumar; Kuldeep Kumar
The experiment entitled “Evaluation of okra cultivars for growth, yield and quality under different dates of sowing” was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, during the rainy season 2020-21 with five different dates of sowing S1 (15th June), S2 (30th June), S3 (15th July), S4 (30th July) and S5 (14th August) and three varieties V1 (Varsha Uphar), V2 (Hisar Naveen) and V3 (Hisar Unnat). Maximum plant stand after 15 days, plant height, number of fruit pickings, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, yield, dry matter, ash content, acidity and B:C ratio were recorded from 15th July date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. However, minimum number of days to 50% flowering and days to first fruit picking were recorded from 14th August date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. Maximum number of branches, internodal length, crop duration, incidence of YVMV and severity of disease were recorded minimum from 15th June date of sowing in the cultivar Hisar Naveen. Based on the study, it was found that higher fruit yield with better quality of fruits and minimum incidence of disease was obtained from Hisar Naveen sown on 15th July which was statistically at par with 30th July date of sowing under prevailing Haryana climatic conditions.
Open Access
In silico identification and physical mapping of gene(s) responsible for β-glucan in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L)
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-07) Dhamija, Aryan; Upendra Kumar
Dietary fibers from plant cell wall are an essential component of healthy foods. Higher intake of dietary fiber reduces the risk of diet related chronic disease like type 2 diabetes, obesity and also improves gastrointestinal health. In human diets, cereal fiber is the largest contributor to total dietary fiber consumption. The soluble dietary fiber (1-3) (1-4) mixed linked β-D-glucan from cereal grains is a valuable component of a healthy diet. In the present investigation, the gene responsible for β-glucan in hexploid wheat was identified using both in silico and molecular methods.The in silico analysis confirmed that CslF6 gene in wheat was located on the chromosome 7A. Sequence similarity search was conducted between HvCslF6 and wheat survey sequences displayed a similarity of 96% with chromosome 7A. The structure of this gene had 3 exons and codes for a protein of 945 amino acids. Homology modeling of putative CslF6 protein was described as Probable cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 8.Different cytogenetic stocks of Chinese spring revealed that CslF6 gene was located on centromeric region of 7AL (FL=0.29). Identified CslF6 in wheat can be utilized to make β-glucan efficient wheat and can be used in biofortification program.
Open Access
Effect of Zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-09-28) Ayoub, Mohammad; Rana, G.S.
The study entitled “Effect of zinc sulphat on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin” was conducted on nine years old ear marked plants at Experimental Orchard in Post-harvest Technology Laboratory of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2019-20 to study the effect of Zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and quality of Kinnow mandarin. The experiment comprised of three levels soil application of Zinc sulphate (50,100,150 g per plant) and foliar application various concentration of Zinc sulphate( 0.5and 0.75%) and urea(1and1.5%). There experiment was conducted in randomized block design. The results of the experiment indicate that the foliar application of Zinc sulphate and Urea had a considerably affected most of the recorded parameters. Soil application of 150 g Zinc sulphate followed by the foliar spray of the 0.5 per cent of Zinc sulphate along with 1 per cent urea resulted into maximum fruit retention (53%), number of fruits per plant (533.87), size of fruits [fruit length (6.04 cm) and diameter (7.10 cm), average fruit weight (165 g), fruit yield per plant (83.87 kg), juice content (44.45%), total soluble solids (9.80%) and TSS to acid ratio (12.09 ) in Kinnow mandarin plants. The same treatment successfully resulted in minimum June (39.08%) and pre-harvest fruit drop (11.7%), acidity (0.81%), rag (31.89%) and peel content (22.69%) and peel thickness (2.83 mm).
Open Access
Status of macro and micro nutrient in soils of Kaithal and Siwan blocks, district Kaithal
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Shabnam; Rohtas Kumar
In order to evaluate soil fertility status of Kaithal and Siwan of district Kaithal, Haryana. hundred surface soil samples (fifty from each block) were randomly collected using GPS technique. In addition to this, plant samples (10% of soil samples) were also collected from the existing cropping pattern of both the blocks. The results revealed that the soils of both the blocks were normal to alkaline in nature, non-saline in nature, low to medium in organic carbon and sandy loam to loam in texture. The content of available N, P, K and S in Kaithal block was ranged from 109-249, 6-28, 85-415 and 8-660 kg ha-1 with mean value of 190.66, 14.86, 223.80 and 195.14 kg ha-1, respectively. The content of available N, P, K and S in Siwan block was ranged from 90-247, 6-29, 122-412 and 35-250 kg ha-1 with mean value of 191.40, 16.22., 259.72 and 146.44 kg ha-1, respectively. All the soils samples were found deficient in nitrogen and 14% of the soil samples were found deficient in phosphorous in both the blocks. In Kaithal block, 6% of the soil samples were found deficient in potassium whereas, in Siwan block only 2% soil samples were found deficient in potassium. In Kaithal block only14% samples for sulphur were found under deficient category.The DTPA extractable Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn content in Kaithal block was ranged from 0.39-4.32, 0.90-15.40, 0.23-1.90 and 2.10-7.00 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 1.48, 7.10, 1.08 and 3.92 mg kg-1, respectively. The DTPA extractable Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn content in Siwan block was ranged from 0.15-2.83, 1.30-17.50, 0.16-3.45 and 2.00-6.80 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 1.27, 7.75, 1.17 and 3.39 mg kg-1, respectively. The total N, P, K and S in soils of Kaithal and Siwan blocks was varied from 0.06-0.17 and 0.06-0.18% 187-720 and 187-688 mg kg-1, 1.01-2.10 and 1.02-2.10 % and 108-937 and 110-718 mg kg-1 with mean value of 0.11and 0.12 %, 504.19 and 413.32 mg kg-1, 1.50 and 1.43% and 330.22 and 359.38 mg kg-, respectively. The content of total Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn in Kaithal and Siwan blocks ranged from 53.10-101.65and 60.00-100.53, 771.25-1450.00 and 670.00-1425.00, 10.88-24.75 and 11.13-20.00 and 283.63-440.00 and 360.00-428.00 with mean value of 79.833 and 84.37, 1155.88 and 1053.76, 14.95 and 14.33 and 372.46 and 385.75 mg kg-1, respectively. The mean content of N, P, K, S, Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn in plant sample was 1.72, 0.42, 0.95, 0.081, 35.4, 82.3, 7.5 and 83.1 %, respectively. A significant positive correlation was observed between the soil organic carbon and available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium content of soil.
Open Access
Screening of wheat genotypes for multiple fungal resistance using functional markers
(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2021-09) Garg, Bharat; Yashveer, Shikha
In the present study, 58 wheat genotypes were characterized for grain yield, biochemical traits and functional markers. The wheat genotypes were sown in RBD (Randomized Block Design) design in two replications in the field of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India) during Rabi, 2019-2020 for the evaluation of ten yield and its component characters viz. plant height, number of tiller per meter, spike length, number of grain per spike, number of spikelet per spike, grain yield per meter, biological yield per meter, harvest index and 1000-grain weight. In this study 58 wheat genotypes were screened for morphological and biochemical traits, showed varied mean range signifying ample amount of variability present in the wheat genotypes Genetic variability of genotypes was assessed by PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance over mean. The values of GCV were lower than their corresponding PCV for all the characters studied, indicated the negligible effect of environment on the development of plants. The maximum value of the GCV & PCV was observed for the grain yield per meter (11.87) and number of spikelet per spike (16.65). Highest broad sense heritability was recorded for biological yield per meter (80.92) The positive and significant genotypic correlation for grain yield per meter was found with number of tillers per meter (0.503), spike length (0.217), number of grains per spike (0.332), biological yield per meter (0.864), harvest index (0.616). Thus, these component traits may be used in wheat breeding programme for further improvement in grain yield. For characterization of quality traits, various biochemical attributes were analyzed viz. total phenolic content, total flavonoids, proline content, glycine betaine, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) at vegetative and maturity stages. Total phenolic content range for vegetative stage is 0.41 to 4.74 mg CE/g and 1.07 to 6.17 mg CE/g in the maturity stage. Total flavonoids range for the vegetative stage, is 0.30 to 0.97 mg QE/g and 1.07 to 9.18 mg QE/g in the maturity stage. Proline content range for vegetative stage is 0.07 to 0.45 mg /g and 0.08 to 0.55 mg /g in maturity stage. Glycine betaine range for vegetative stage is 0.59 to 9.59 mg /g DW and 2.67 to 4.24 mg /g DW in the maturity stage. PAL activity range for vegetative stage is 4.15 to 6.23 μmole/h/g and 4.99 to 6.51 μmole/h/g in the maturity stage. TAL activity range for vegetative stage is 1.45 to 12.43 μmole/h/g and 1.74 to 12.10 μmole/h/g in the maturity stage. Total flavonoids content had high GCV and PCV in biochemical traits. On heritability analysis, Tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) had higher heritability. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found in characters such as total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, proline content, glycine betaine and TAL. These characters are recommended in selecting genotypes for screening for biotic and abiotic stress. For functional marker analysis, a total of 24 functional markers were used showed amplification. These selected primers are linked with specific fungal disease resistance gene and amplification of specific primer on wheat genotypes gave the idea of presence of that allele.
Open Access
Spatio-temporal trend analysis of evapotranspiration in different agro-climatic zones of Haryana
(Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 2021-09-21) Punia, Rahual; Anurag
Evapotranspiration is the integrated process of evaporation and transpiration and is affected by meteorological variables, crop characteristics, and management practices, as well as environmental characteristics. There have been many studies in the estimation of ETo around the world. Evapotranspiration plays an important role in maintaining water balance of terrestrial ecosystem and for irrigation scheduling in crop production. The present study was carried out at Deptt. of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU Hisar, to compute spatio-temporal trend analysis of evapotranspiration at different location of Haryanaviz. Ambala, Karnal, Bawal, Hisar and Sirsa that are evenly distributed in two agro-climatic zones of Haryana. The study was based on PET calculation by maximum and minimum temperature using Thornthwaite method. The calculated values were interpreted on monthly as well as seasonal scales. Highest normal annual PET was at Sirsa with 5.5 mm/day followed by Bawal (4.72 mm/day), Hisar (4.55 mm/day), Ambala (4.34 mm/day) and Karnal (4.14 mm/day). The annual PET had an increasing trend as per MK test at all locations. Sirsa and Ambala had significant +ve trends. In Kharif season, Sirsa had highest PET while in Rabi, Ambala showed highest value of normal PET. An increasing trend was observed at all locations during Kharif and Rabi seasons but significant trends were revealed at Sirsa and Ambala in Kharif, and Bawal and Ambala in Rabi seasons. In winter season (January-February) all stations had a decreasing trend of PET with significant decreasing trends at Karnal location. On monthly scale, June had the highest and January had the lowest value of PET in Haryana as observed at all five locations.Month of October observed with significantly increasing trends in PET at all locations expect for Karnal. January and December months observed with decreasing trends at all location. Overall, for the state of Haryana as a whole, 4.56 mm/day was found as a normal annual potential evapotranspiration, likewise seasonal normal were 7.6 mm/day in Kharif, 1.5 mm/day in Rabi, 0.6 mm/day in winter, 5.5 mm/day in pre monsoon, 7.8 mm/day in monsoon and 1.9 mm/day in post monsoon period.

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