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Open Access
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Pregnant Women With Special Reference to Anaemia and Obesity in District Hisar ( Haryana)
(CCSHAU, 2016) Sethi, Divya; Dahiya, Saroj
The present study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state to assess the nutritional status of pregnant women and impart nutrition education to the selected pregnant women. A total of 250 subjects having pregnancy of third trimester selected randomly from different hospitals of district Hisar. Respondents from both govt. and private hospitals selected so as to draw a sample of both urban and rural women.Nutritional status of pregnant women was assessed in terms of dietary assessment, anthropometric measurement (height, weight and skin fold thickness) and clinical assessment of signs and symptoms of various nutrient deficiency diseases. Dietary assessment was done by 24 hour dietary recall method for three consecutive days of 100 respondents. The results of the study revealed that consumption of all food stuffs like cereals, pulses etc were lower in the diets of pregnant women. Nutrients like energy, fat, β- carotene, B-complex vitamins, Vitamin C, Iron and Calcium were found limiting in the diets of pregnant women. It was found that caste, family size, income, working status and education of respondents and husband‘s education had significant (P<0.05) effect on food intake of selected pregnant women. Effect of caste, family size,family type, income, respondent‘s occupation and education, husband‘s occupation and education were found to be significant (P<0.05) on nutrient intake of the pregnant women. Result indicated that out of 250 pregnant women 79.2 per cent pregnant women were anaemic while 20.8 per cent were non anaemic. Effect of type of family and income were significant (P < 0.05) on prevalence of anaemia. Majority 47.2% women were overweight, 25.2 percent obese, 22.8 percent normal weight and 4.8 percent underweight.Nutrition education was imparted to 50 selected pregnant women. It was found that majority of the responents had inadequate knowledge regarding nutrition before imparting nutrition education. After imparting nutritional education there was significant (P<0.01) improvement in knowledge of pregnant women in all the characteristics.
Open Access
Genetical, Biochemical and Molecular Basis of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus Disease in Gossypium hirsutum L.
(CCSHAU, 2016) Sonika; Sangwan, R.S.
The inheritance of cotton leaf curl virus disease indicated the complementary type of gene interaction (9:7) which indicated that this trait was digenically controlled. Generation mean analysis revealed significant differences for some traits where the A, B, C and D individual scales were also significant for some characters indicated thereby the presence of non-allelic interactions. Additivedominance model was found fit for days to flower in crosses (I, II and III), boll number in crosses (II, III and IV), boll weight in crosses (I, II and IV), GOT in all the four crosses, seed index in cross (IV), lint index in all the four crosses and seed cotton yield in crosses (I, III and IV). Dominance component was significant for most of the characters. Duplicate type of interaction was apparent for days to flower (cross IV) and plant height in crosses (I, II and IV). Among biochemical parameters, sugar content was significantly higher in susceptible parents than resistant parents. Phenol, tannin, gossypol content and enzymatic activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidases were significantly higher in resistant parents as compared to susceptible parents. Oil content did not show any particular trend. The correlation matrix among different biochemical parameters revealed that cotton leaf curl virus disease (CLCuD) grading (0-6) at 60 DAS, showed positive significant correlation with sugar content while other biochemical parameters viz. phenol, gossypol, tannin, crude protein and enzymes peroxidase (PO) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) showed significant negative correlation. CLCuD grading did not show any correlation with oil content. The same trend was observed in all of the four crosses at 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) except in sugar, phenol, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and protein (90 DAS). Twenty eight ISSR primers were used to study molecular variation among parental genotypes and their F1s. A total of 175 alleles were amplified unambiguously by 28 ISSR primers, of which 127 alleles were polymorphic (72.57 per cent). Polymorphic information content (PIC) value was found in the range of 0.495 to 0.907. The ISSR primer UBC 834 was found to have maximum PIC value (0.907) which indicated that this primer is more informative and can be further used to identify resistant genotypes from the germplasm or breeding material. The cluster analysis led to the distribution of parents and their F1s in to different groups at the similarity coefficient value of 0.54-0.85. Cluster A, included parent HS 6, cluster B bifurcated further into different sub-clusters indicated that parents GCH 3 and H 1353 and their F1s were present on the upper side of the dendrogram and parents HS 6 and RST 9 on the lower side of the dendrogram. Genetic similarity by ISSR analysis showed that parental genotypes GCH 3 and HS 6 were quite distinct from each other.
Open Access
Effect of irrigation levels and plant density on growth, flowering, yield and vase life of gladiolus
(CCSHAU, 2018) Prince; Dahiya, D.S.
The experiment comprising of five irrigation levelsand four plant density as treatments in different combinations was conducted atPrecision Farming Development Centre of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17to find out the most effective irrigation level and plant density for gladiolus and to study the effect of irrigation levels and plant density on growth, flowering, yield and vase life of gladiolus. The data were recorded ondays to initiation of sprouting, per cent sprouting, plant height, number of leaves per plant, days taken for emergence of spike, days taken to showing colour of basal floret, days taken to opening of basal floret and fifth floret, length of spike and rachis, number of florets per spike, number of corms per plant, weight of corms per plant, diameter of corm, number of cormels per plant, weight of cormels per plant, water uptake, transpirational loss, diameter of first and fifth floret, weight of spike, vase life of spike, pH of the vase solution and number of the florets opened and unopened. The recorded data were subjected to statistical analysis using Randomized Block Design (factorial).The days toinitiation of sprouting and per cent sproutingwere found non-significant. Theplant height, length of spike, length of rachis, number of florets per spike, water uptake and transpirational loss by spikes and number of florets opened during the vase life period were registered maximum under the treatment of12 mm water applied after 10 mm of CPE irrigation level with the plant density of 32 plants/m2, while the number of leaves per plant, diameter of basal and fifth floret, number of corms and cormels per plant, weight of corms and cormels per plant, diameter of corm, diameter of first and fifth floret during vase life period, weight of spike and vase life of gladiolus spikes were recorded maximum under 12 mm water applied after 10 mm of CPE irrigation level with the plant density of 20 plants/m2.The days taken for emergence of spike, showing colour of basal floret and opening of first and fifth floretwerenoted minimum at lowest level of irrigation in combination with plant density of 20 plants/m2.
Open Access
Characterization of sulphur oxidizing bacteria and their effect on growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Chaudhary, Suman; Goyal, Sneh
Sulphur is a vital element for plants next to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). It is an important constituent of proteins, enzymes, vitamins, lipids, carbohydrates, and other biomolecules. Sulphur is required for growth and development of plants especially in the crop production. Sulphur undergoes a number of biological alterations in nature carried out exclusively by microbes through sulphur cycle. Oxidation of sulphur is the most important step of S cycle which improves soil fertility. It results in the production of sulphate, which can be easily used by the plants, while the acidity produced by oxidation step helps to solubilize plant nutrients and thus improves soil health. Sulphur deficiencies in soils of tropical and subtropical regions have been recognized for many years and have been reported from over 70 countries, including India. Pyrite is good source of sulphur used as sulphur fertilizers and it can be easily used by sulphur oxidizing bacteria. In the present investigation, sulphur oxidising bacteria were isolated from different places of Haryana and evaluated for their effect on growth of mustard. A total of 130 bacteria were obtained, out of which 46 were selected on the basis of dye reduction test and further screened for sulphate production. Five bacteria namely SSD11, SSR1, SSG8, SSF17 and SSH10 were selected on the basis of maximum sulphate production for further studies and were optimized for laboratory cultural conditions. The period of 48 hrs. was found optimum incubation time for all bacteria and 30 oC was best temperature for the growth of SSD11, SSR1, SSG8, SSH10 while 35 oC was for SSF17. The pH 8 was found best for all four isolates except for SSF7, which was 6, while media having glucose carbon source was producing maximum sulphate. The best nitrogen source was found to be ammonium sulphate. After optimization, the selected bacterial isolates were evaluated for their effect on growth of mustard under pot house. There was a significant increase in the height, weight, no. of siliquae, 100 seed weight, oil content, leaves protein content, leaves chlorophyll content, viable rhizospheric bacterial count with the inoculation of bacterial isolates in comparison to control. The selected bacterial isolates were characterized on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics. After sequencing of 16S rRNA of bacterial isolates or molecular characterization, the four bacterial isolates were recognized as SSF17 (Phytobacter diazotrophicus), SSR1 (Enterobacter cloacae), SSD11 (Enterobacter cloacae) and SSG8 (Klebsiella oxytoca).
Open Access
Quality of life and adjustment pattern among senior citizens
(CCSHAU, 2018) Sunita; Sangwan, Sheela
The study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state purposively selected. For the rural sample 200 senior citizens of age group 60-70 years were selected. Hisar city was purposively selected and total 200 senior citizens were included in the study for urban sample, thus included total 400 senior citizens from both rural and urban area. Majority of senior citizens in both rural and urban area were in 60-65 years age group. Above fifty percent of urban senior citizens were having up to 4 family members Majority of senior citizens were married, living with husband-wife with one child. Female senior citizens were housewife whereas; males were ex-service man and farmers. Maximum numbers of urban and rural senior citizens were in medium category in all aspects of physical, psychological, level of independence, social relationship, environment, spirituality domains and overall quality of life and all areas of adjustment pattern. Significant differences were observed in all domains of quality of life except physical domain of urban and rural senior citizens. Quality of life and adjustments of younger senior citizens were better as compared to older senior citizens. There were significant differences in home, marital, emotional and financial areas of adjustment pattern of urban and rural senior citizens. Physical domain, psychological domain, level of independence domain, social relationship domain and environment domain of quality of life was significantly associated with area of residence of senior citizens. Overall quality of life was significantly associated with area of residence, occupation of male, marital status and annual income. Health and marital adjustment pattern was positively significantly correlated with occupation of senior citizens. Overall adjustment pattern was positively significantly correlated with family type and living arrangement of senior citizens. More number of rural senior citizens was in high category of depression as compared to urban senior citizens. Significant differences were observed in depression in between urban and rural area senior citizens. Depression was negatively and significantly correlated with all the domains of quality of life of senior citizens. To improve the quality of life of senior citizens some strategies were framed for all the domains of quality of life and adjustment pattern.
Open Access
Marker assisted selection for introgression of yellow rust resistance (Yr) genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Reema Rani; Yadav, Neelam R.
Wheat is major cereal crop that provides food to half of the world’s population. Yellow or stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is a devastating foliar disease that affects bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the major wheat growing regions of India. Development of host plant resistance is the most effective and efficient strategy for management of the disease. In the present study, 68 wheat genotypes were evaluated for Yr genes using tightly linked markers. Promising genotypes carrying multiple combinations of Yr genes were identified. Lassik, hard red spring wheat carries Yr36, Yr18 and Yr17 genes while WH711 and PBW343 are high yielding and yellow rust susceptible varieties. Therefore, Yr resistance genes (Yr36, Yr18 & Yr17) were introgressed from donor parent (Lassik) into the susceptible varieties (WH711 & PBW343) through marker assisted backcrossing approach. Foreground selection was carried out in the BC2F7 and BC2F8 plants derived from the crosses of (WH711 x Lassik) x WH711 and (PBW343 x Lassik) x PBW343 using markers linked to Yr genes Gpc/B1/Yr36, Yr18 and Yr17. In both the BC2F7 and BC2F8 generations of the cross (WH711 x Lassik) x WH711, five lines showed the presence of all the three yellow rust resistance genes. Two lines were found to be carrying Yr36 and Yr18 genes. One line had Yr36 and Yr17 genes and one line was identified with Yr36 only. In the cross, (PBW343 x Lassik) x PBW343, one line confirmed the presence of all the three Yr resistance genes. Two lines were found positive for Yr36 and Yr18 genes. One line had Yr36 and Yr17 genes and one line was identified with Yr36 gene only. These Yr gene positive plants were subjected to background selection using polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 575 SSR markers spanning throughout the genome were used to study the polymorphism between parental genotypes out of which 100 and 101 SSR markers produced polymorphic alleles between parents i.e. WH711 and Lassik and PBW343 and Lassik, respectively. Finally, the maximum genome recovery for pyramided genotypes was analysed by NTSYS and GGT softwares. The percentage recovery of recurrent parent genome in the BC2F7 plants of WH711 x Lassik and PBW343 x Lassik ranged from 94.0 % to 96.1 % and 93.6 % to 96.6 %, respectively. Similarly, the percentage recovery of recurrent parent genome in the BC2F8 plants of both crosses ranged from 94.0 % to 96.1 % and 95.5 % to 97.4 %. Based on agronomic evaluation, yellow rust reaction, and percentage recovery of recurrent parent genome, promising lines from both the crosses were identified. The present work demonstrates the successful pyramiding of yellow rust resistance gene i.e. Yr36, Yr18 and Yr17 into WH711 and PBW343 varieties using the marker assisted backcross breeding.
Open Access
Development and characterization of transgenic chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants with OsRuvB gene for salt stress tolerance
(CCSHAU, 2018) Preeti; Kharb, Pushpa
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a nutrient rich, second most important legume crop after soybean. Production and productivity of chickpea is affected by various abiotic stresses but salt stress is the most deleterious accounting for upto 100% yield losses. In the present study, transgenic chickpea plants (var. HC-1) carrying OsRuvB gene were developed for salt stress tolerance using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 with pCAMBIA1301 (Kharb et al., 2012). Putative transformants were screened at early stage through PCR amplification using gene specific primers and a transformation frequency of 17% was observed. Southern blot and real time PCR analysis revealed stable and single copy insertion of the transgene in chickpea genome. Seeds from each of the PCR positive T0 chickpea plants were sown to raise T1 generation and a total of 74 plants (out of 170) showed the presence of OsRuvB gene. Physio-biochemical analysis of selected T1 transgenic plants subjected to 100 mM salt stress showed that transgenic plants were able to maintain higher chlorophyll content, relative water content, proline content, total soluble sugars, catalase and peroxidase activity compared to the wild type plants. Whereas, electrolytic leakage and lipid peroxidation were relatively less as compared to the wild type plants under 100 mM stress. Among all transgenic lines, line 8 performed well with respect to all the parameters studied and can be taken further for the development of transgenic chickpea plants for salt stress tolerance.
Open Access
Studies on phytochemicals, nutritional parameters and antioxidant potential of Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and Garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.)
(CCSHAU, 2018) Jangra, Satya Shree; Madan, V. K.
The present study was undertaken to estimate the phytochemical and nutritional parameters; comparison of microwave assisted and conventional extraction techniques and effect of herbal extracts (infusion, decoction and strong decoction) on total phenolics, flavonoids as well as on the antioxidant potential of the extracts of different plant parts of Chicory and Garden cress (Hisar and Solan regions). Moisture, fat, ash, protein, crude fibre and total carbohydrates were estimated in different parts viz. seeds, aerial parts & roots of Chicory and Garden cress (both regions). All parts of Chicory and Garden cress (both regions) were found to be very rich sources of energy on the basis of their calorific values. Seeds, aerial parts & roots of Chicory and Garden cress (both regions) also contained minerals viz. Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. Different parts of Chicory and Garden cress (both regions) were found to contain ascorbic acid, starch, tannins, total sugars, reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars also in varying amounts. Oil content in seeds of Chicory, Garden cress (Hisar region) and Garden cress (Solan region) were 18.05, 22.42 and 25.52%, respectively. Major constituents in Chicory and Garden cress (both regions) seed oil were palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Total phenolics (6.90 - 10.78 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (1.55 - 6.33 mg CE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (63.15 - 223.70 mg AAE/g) were highest in whole plant and seeds extracts of both crops prepared by soxhlet extraction technique followed by column chromatography, microwave assisted and homogenization techniques. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of whole plant and seeds (IC50: 410.6 - 647.8 μg/mL) was also highest of extracts of both crops prepared by soxhlet extraction technique followed by column chromatography (IC50: 411.9 - 666.7 μg/mL), microwave assisted (IC50: 419.1 - 668.0 μg/mL) and homogenization (IC50: 437.4 - 701.1 μg/mL) techniques. Among plant parts of Chicory, total phenolics, flavonoids, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were higher in whole plant extracts in comparison to seeds extracts; whereas in Garden cress of both regions, total phenolics, flavonoids, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity of seeds extracts were higher in comparison to whole plant extracts. Strong decoctions of aerial parts and roots of both crops had highest total phenolics (1.83 - 19.62 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (0.53 - 8.53 mg CE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (11.93 - 80.31 mg AAE/g) in comparison to their corresponding decoctions and infusions. Strong decoctions of aerial parts and roots also exhibited highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50: 372.7 - 736.1 μg/mL) in comparison to corresponding decoctions (IC50: 385.8 - 739.2 μg/mL) and infusions (IC50: 396.1 - 744.0 μg/mL). Among different plant parts of Chicory and Garden cress (both regions); total phenolics, flavonoids, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were higher in herbal extracts of aerial parts in comparison to herbal extracts of roots. Hence, Chicory and Garden cress possess good antioxidant potential which may be due to the presence of various phytochemicals; therefore, play an important role in antioxidant defence system against free radicals and thus aid in human health.
Open Access
Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality in Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Blood Red
(CCSHAU, 2018) Bhanukar, Manoj; Rana, G.S.
The experiment entitled “Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and quality in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) cv. Blood Red” was conducted at Research Farm of the Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the years 2016 & 2017 to find out the best concentration of foliar application of different micronutrients and soil application of zinc sulphate in improvement of growth, yield, quality and nutrient status of leaves. The treatments comprising thirteen foliar application of micronutrients and six zinc sulphate soil application were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications keeping a net plot size of 6.0 x 6.0 m separately. The data were recorded on various parameters, which were influenced significantly by different levels of micronutrients applied as foliar and soil application. In foliar application of micronutrients experiment, the maximum values of growth parameters viz. plant spread, height, final fruit retention and minimum fruit drop were recorded with ZnSO4 1.00%. The maximum total chlorophyll content and minimum carotenoid content was observed with FeSO4 2.5%. The yield parameters viz. fruit weight, length, breadth, number of fruits per tree and yield were recorded maximum with foliar application of ZnSO4 1.00% whereas; rind thickness and number of seeds per fruit were found non-significant. The quality parameters viz. TSS, TSS/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid were found maximum with foliar application of ZnSO4 1.00% and acidity was found nonsignificant. The nutrient status of leaves was affected significantly with foliar application of micronutrients during may, september and november. The maximum of leaf zinc, iron, manganese and boron content were recorded with ZnSO4 1.00%, FeSO4 2.5%, MnSO4 1.00% and H3BO3 0.3% . In soil application of zinc sulphate experiment, the maximum values of growth parameters viz. plant spread, height, number of flowers per twig, initial fruit set, final fruit retention, total chlorophyll conent and minimum fruit drop, carotenoid content were recorded with ZnSO4 250 g/plant. The yield parameters viz. fruit weight, length, breadth, number of fruits per tree and yield were recorded maximum with soil application of ZnSO4 250 g/plant whereas; rind thickness and number of seeds per fruit were found non-significant. The quality parameters viz. TSS, TSS/acid ratio, and ascorbic acid were found maximum with soil application of ZnSO4 250 g/plant and acidity was found nonsignificant. The zinc content of leaves was affected significantly with soil application of zinc sulphate during march, may, september and november. The maximum of leaf zinc content was recorded with ZnSO4 250 g/plant whereas; leaf iron, manganese and boron content were not affected significantly.

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