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20202
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Author: Tamanna × End date: 2020 × Start date: 2020 × Type: Thesis ×
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Effect of fly ash application on efficacy of biofertilizers in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) crop
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020-08) Tamanna; Leela Wati
    Fly ash disposal is of grave environmental concern worldwide due to its increasing accumulation over the years, followed by air-water pollution and land degradation. The potentiality of fly ash for its use in agriculture is popularizing day by day due to the fact that it contains almost all the essential plant nutrients i.e., macronutrients including P, K, Ca, Mg and S and micronutrients like Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, B and Mo. Moreover, continuous use of chemical fertilizers for plant growth in the agricultural field has become an alarming problem for today's world. Therefore, it is required to involve fly ash more effectively in agriculture sector to exploit its various physical and chemical properties fully, which are beneficial for soil and crop health.Fly ash used in the present investigation had grey color, alumina-silicate texture, alkaline pH, with small concentration of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Growth of bacterial biofertilizers of mustard i.e. Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas strain P-36 in their respective growth media supplemented with 0.5-5% (w/v) fly ash and survival in sterile soil supplemented with different concentration of fly ash revealed better growth upto 3% supplementation of fly ash indicating stimulatory effect of fly ash on growth of microorganisms at small concentration. Under pot house condition, fly ash amendment in soil at 3% conc. along with biofertilizers treatment of mustard seeds improved plant growth and seed yield in comparison with control. Chlorophyll and oil content of mustard had no remarkable effect of fly ash application. Number of siliquae and seed yield obtained were maximum in treatment comprising of 3% fly ash amendment in soil and seed treatment with PSB and A. chroococcum indicating favourable response of mustard crop to fly ash along with biofertilizer application.
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    ThesisItemOpen Access
    Synthesis and characterization of metallic nanoparticles, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Triphala powder and its fruit constituents
    (CCSHAU, Hisar, 2020) Tamanna; Madan, V. K.
    The present study was undertaken to estimate the phytochemical and nutritional parameters; to determine the antioxidant potential of promising extracts of Triphala powder and its fruit constituents: Amla, Bahera and Harad using DPPH free radical scavenging assay and Phosphomolybdate assay; by making use of these bioactive components in plant extracts and their bio efficacies to synthesize the metallic nanoparticles; compare the antimicrobial activity of as synthesized NPs and their crude extracts. Moisture, fat, ash, protein, crude fibre and total carbohydrates contents were estimated in different parts viz. seeds, aerial parts & roots of Amla, Bahera and Harad. All parts of these medicinal plants were found to be very rich sources of bioactive components/antioxidants. The fruit pulp of these plants also contained different minerals viz. Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. Among these plant extracts: total phenolics, flavonoids, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity were higher in herbal extracts of fruits in comparison to herbal extracts of aerial parts and roots. Hence, these medicinal plants are important source of good antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity which may be due to the presence of various phytochemicals; therefore, play an important role in antioxidant defence system against free radicals and thus aid in human health. The total phenolics contents, total antioxidant capacity and thus antimicrobial activity followed the order as: Amla > Triphala > Bahera > Harad. The total flavonoids content varies as Bahera > Triphala > Amla > Harad. DPPH free radical scavenging assay follows the order as Bahera > Amla > Harad > Triphala. Aqueous extracts were better in all sorts of quantifications of antioxidants and their antioxidant potential. Amongst these natural therapeutic agents, Amla showed the highest antibacterial activity followed by Triphala powder, Bahera and Harad. In case of antifungal activity, it was Bahera which showed the highest activity against the test organisms taken; followed by Amla, Harad and Triphala powder. Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant derived bio-active components is an economical, eco-friendly and simple method in the synthesis route. Plant extracts contain diverse chemical compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, oils and saponins which have medicinal value and the same can act as reducing and capping agent for the nanoparticles synthesis. Bimetallic NPs possessed better antimicrobial activity as compared to monometallic NPs. Gram negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria were more susceptible to gram positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis) bacteria. The order for antibacterial efficacies was as follows: Ag@AuNPs > AgNPs > AuNPs. In case of antifungal activities, AuNPs were better than AgNPs i.e. the order was Ag@AuNPs > AuNPs > AgNPs. A. niger was most susceptible as compared to A. flavus and C. albicans to the action of these plant derived therapeutic agents.