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ThesisItem Open Access A Study to develop optimum combination of farm enterprises in Haryana(CCSHAU, Hisar, 2023-08) Sunita; Malik, D.P.The present investigation was carried out to develop optimum combination of existing farm enterprises on different category of farms in Haryana. For study purpose, Hisar, Mahendergarh and Sonipat districts of Haryana state, were randomly selected from each zone. From each selected district one block was selected randomly. From each selected block, different villages were selected to collect the data regarding major crops and livestock enterprises of that area. Total 80 farmers were selected from each district which makes a total of 240 farmers in the district. The selected farmers were categorized as small (upto 2 ha), medium (2-4 ha) and large (>4 ha) according to their operational size of holdings. Linear programming technique was used to achieve optimum combination of farm enterprises. In Hisar district human labour employment was found highest in cotton crop followed by guava crop, carrot, buffalo and broilers. Highest human labour was employed by carrot crop in Mahendergarh district followed by kinnow, HF cow, mustard, broilers, pearlmillet and wheat crop. For Sonipat district, the highest employment was found in mushroom cultivation followed by sugarcane, guava, buffalo, broilers, potato, paddy and wheat. Among crops the maximum labour utilization was under harvesting/picking activity. In case of buffalo and broiler rearing, the maximum labour use was under feeding and watering activity. In mushroom cultivation, compost making was the highest labour using activity which utilized 165.38 man days on small category farms while on medium and large farms it was 165.67 and 170.33. In all the three districts the highest net return generated was from poultry enterprise. In Mahendergarh district, the highest gross return was generated by poultry enterprise followed by citrus orchard, HF cow, carrot, wheat, mustard, and pearlmillet. From mushroom cultivation, highest net returns per shed (Rs. 144512.96) were generated on large category farms (>20 sheds) followed by medium category farms (Rs.139629.26). In livestock net returns were highest on large category farms. Total net returns in optimum and relaxed resource plan were increased on each category farm in each district. Total net returns in optimum plan in Hisar district were Rs.1228054 (small), Rs.3223939 (medium) and Rs.5369640 (large). In Mahendergarh district total net returns in optimum plan were Rs. 1166347, Rs.2876228 and Rs. 5196940 on small, medium and large category farm. For Sonipat district the net returns in optimum plan on small, medium and large category were Rs. 1259396, Rs. 3312573 and Rs. 5441168. Inadequate irrigation was the major constraint for most of the crops. For fruit crops insect pest attack was also a major problem. For livestock and poultry high cost of concentrates and feed was main constraint in their adoption.ThesisItem Open Access Quality of life and adjustment pattern among senior citizens(CCSHAU, 2018) Sunita; Sangwan, SheelaThe study was conducted in Hisar district of Haryana state purposively selected. For the rural sample 200 senior citizens of age group 60-70 years were selected. Hisar city was purposively selected and total 200 senior citizens were included in the study for urban sample, thus included total 400 senior citizens from both rural and urban area. Majority of senior citizens in both rural and urban area were in 60-65 years age group. Above fifty percent of urban senior citizens were having up to 4 family members Majority of senior citizens were married, living with husband-wife with one child. Female senior citizens were housewife whereas; males were ex-service man and farmers. Maximum numbers of urban and rural senior citizens were in medium category in all aspects of physical, psychological, level of independence, social relationship, environment, spirituality domains and overall quality of life and all areas of adjustment pattern. Significant differences were observed in all domains of quality of life except physical domain of urban and rural senior citizens. Quality of life and adjustments of younger senior citizens were better as compared to older senior citizens. There were significant differences in home, marital, emotional and financial areas of adjustment pattern of urban and rural senior citizens. Physical domain, psychological domain, level of independence domain, social relationship domain and environment domain of quality of life was significantly associated with area of residence of senior citizens. Overall quality of life was significantly associated with area of residence, occupation of male, marital status and annual income. Health and marital adjustment pattern was positively significantly correlated with occupation of senior citizens. Overall adjustment pattern was positively significantly correlated with family type and living arrangement of senior citizens. More number of rural senior citizens was in high category of depression as compared to urban senior citizens. Significant differences were observed in depression in between urban and rural area senior citizens. Depression was negatively and significantly correlated with all the domains of quality of life of senior citizens. To improve the quality of life of senior citizens some strategies were framed for all the domains of quality of life and adjustment pattern.ThesisItem Open Access Study on the Stability Constants of Bindary and Ternary Complexes of Some LanthanideIons(College of Basic Sciences and Humanities Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1998) Sunita; Nepal, J.K.ThesisItem Open Access Bionomics and control of mites of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus linn.)(College of Agriculture Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 1996) Sunita; Mathur, R. BThesisItem Open Access An Exploratory Study on Expectation and Performance of Women Labour Engaged in paddy Cultivation(I.C College Of Home Science Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar, 2001) Sunita; Malaviya, AThesisItem Open Access Characterization of recombinant inbred wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines for heat tolerance using physiological traits and molecular markers(CCSHAU, 2017) Sunita; Munjal, RenuA mapping population of eighty lines derived from the cross between WH1021 (heat tolerant) × WH711 (heat susceptible) were genotyped and phenotyped under timely and late sown during 2015-16 and 2016-17 crop seasons. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the various morpho-physiological traits, their association with each other and to explore of the SSR markers related with heat tolerance during terminal heat stress. Data were recorded for various morphological traits including plant height and stem solidness at 70 and 100 days after sowing, number of days to heading, number of days to maturity, number of tillers per plant, spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, grain yield per plant (g), biological yield per plant (g), number of grains per spike, 100-grain weight (g) and physiological traits observations were recorded at anthesis and 10 days after anthesis including canopy temperature, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency, chlorophyll content and NDVI. HSI for grain yield was determined for heat stress effect assessment. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among genotypes and reveal the genetic diversity among RILs. CTAB method was used for DNA isolation. Total ninety four markers were used to detect polymorphism in parents out of which parental polymorphism was found 23.5%. Genetic diversity analysis of RILs and parents was done using NT SYS-pc software based on twenty two SSRs and Linkage map constructed using these 22 polymorphic markers consist of seven linkage groups. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified 14 quantitative trait loci (QTL) with significant phenotypic variation. Out of fourteen QTLs two QTLs were detected for plant height at 70 days after sowing , two for days to heading, two for days to maturity, two for photosynthetic rate, one for transpiration rate, four for intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) and one for NDVI. Out of these QTL and photosynthetic rate were consistent and stable over the condition and year respectively. Photosynthetic rate reported maximum phenotypic variation (78.13%) flanked by the two markers barc24 & Xgwm102 with an interval of 27.9 cM. Two QTLs for iWUE were also consistent and stable flanked by the markers Xgwm512 & Xgwm448 with 35.5 cM interval another Xgwm512 also flanked the another QTL for iWUE with 5.2 cM interval. These markers can be useful for the improvement through marker assisted selection for developing the better genotypes for heat tolerance.ThesisItem Open Access Development of digital embroidery designs from traditional motifs of Haryana(CCSHAU, 2016) Sunita; Rose, Neelam M.The motifs and patterns of traditional art and craft provide significant elements for designing and are indicative of the rich cultural heritage of different states of India.Thus the present study was conducted to adapt and apply traditional motifs of Haryana on different products using digital embroidery technique. The 400 traditional motifs of Haryana were collected from primary and secondary sources and screened for their suitability to apparels, home textiles and utility articles as well as digital embroidery. The screened motifs were categorized in five categories viz. geometrical, floral and foliage, animal and bird, human and religious motifs and database was prepared. The motifs were shown to the thirty experts to seek their preferences for selection of one third top preferred motifs from each category of motifs. Two top preferred products of apparels, home textiles and utility articles/accessories were selected from listed products. Preferences of experts were also taken for fabrics and base colours of fabric for selected six products. A total of sixty designs, twenty for each category of products were developed using selected thirty four motifs and two top raked designs for each selected product were selected for placements. Created thirty six design placements were again shown to the experts and one best placement of each selected twelve designs was chosen. Three colour ways for each selected twelve design placements were simulated and colour way that secured I rank was selected for embroidery. Twelve products were developed through digital embroidery and cost of each product was calculated. The developed products were assessed on different parameters. Out of 102 motifs, thirty four motifs selected for design development were motif number 2, 5, 7, 12, 13, 19, 20 and 23 in geometrical category, motif number 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 12 in floral and foliage category, motif number 4, 5, 9, 12, 15, 20, 21 and 22 in animal and bird category, motif number 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 and 15 in human category and motif number 1, 3, 4, 8, 11 and 12 in religious category. Twelve designs of design number 10 and 13 for ladies’ kurta, 3 and 7 for stole, 2 and 6 for bed cover, 11 and 13 for cushion cover, 9 and 13 for tote bag and 4 and 5 for file folder were selected. Most preferred placements of selected twelve designs were placement III of design number 10 and placement I of design number 13 for ladies’ kurta, placement III of design number 3 and placement II of design number 7 for stole, placement II of design number 2 and placement III of design number 6 for bed cover, placement III for both the selected designs of cushion covers, placement I for both the selected designs of tote bag and placement III for both the selected designs of file folder. Most preferred colour ways for digital embroidery on selected products were colour way III for both the selected designs of ladies kurta, colour way III of design number 3 and colour way I of design number 7 for stole, colour way II for both the selected designs of bed cover, colour way III of design number 11 and colour way II of design number 13 for cushion cover, colour way I for both the selected designs of tote bag, colour way I of design number 4 and colour way III of design number 5 for file folder. Twelve products were developed through digital embroidery technique using most preferred placements and colour ways of selected designs. The cost of the digital embroidered products was rated appropriate by half of the consumers. All the developed products were found highly appreciated and well accepted by consumers for suitability of digital embroidery technique in design development for the apparels, home textiles and utility articles. Thus, traditional motifs of Haryana adapted for designing various products using digital embroidery has broadened the design base for apparel and textile products.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of different manures on the hydro-biological parameters, bacterial population and growth performance of Indian major carps(CCSHAU, 2013) Sunita; Gupta, R.K.In the present investigations, the experiment was carried out in 18ft×20 ft sized ponds from Sept., 2011 to Aug., 2012 at the Fish Farm Hatchary of CCSHAU, Hisar. Different organic fertilizers i.e Vermicompost @ 15,000, Vermicompost @ 10,000, cow dung @ 10,000, poultry manure @ 6,000, pig manure @ 4,000 kg/ha/yr and control were used to monitored their effect on water quality parameters, bacterial population and growth performance of Catla catla (as surface feeder), Labeo rohita (as column feedrer) and Cirrhinus mrigala (as bottom feeder). One forth dose of fertilizers were applied 15 days prior to fish stocking and remaining doses given at fortnightly interval. The fry/fingerlings were stocked @ 30 fish per pond in the ratios of 3:4:3 and fed upon supplemented feed given at 2% of their body weight. The water parameters like DO, pH, alkalinity, hardness, temperature, turbidity, free CO2, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous and planktons were found in optimum range in all treated ponds. The maximum values of dissolved oxygen (5.81 to 8.65 mg/l), turbidity (35.96 to 16.30 cm), phytoplanktons (99 to 5,786 no/l) and zooplanktons (186 to 2,046 no/l) were observed in pond waters treated with vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr. While that of pH (5.63 to 5.80), alkalinity (200.00 to 360.62 mg/l), hardness (173.06 to 292.02 mg/l) were found to be maximum in vermicompost @15,000 kg/ha/yr. Free CO2 (1.40 to 3.40 mg/l) and nitrogen (0.990 to 0.170 mg/l) were found to be maximum in the pond waters treated with cowdung @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr. Temperature (26.53 to 34 oC), potassium (3.24 to 23.94 mg/l) and phosphorous (0.72 to 0.199 mg/l) were found to be maximumin in the pond waters treated with poultry manure @ 4,000 kg/ha/yr. The range of water parameters increased significantly (P<0.05) in the pond waters treated with different manures. The bacterial strains isolated in pond waters treated with different manures were 7 gram negative (A. hydrophilla, E. coli, E. aerogens, Shigella sp., K. oxytoca, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens) and 3 gram positive (M. luteus, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp.). The average counts of pathogenic heterotrophic bacteria in poultry manure @ 6,000 kg/ha/yr was found to be maximum in decreasing order followed by pig manure @ 4,000kg/ha/yr, cow dung @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr, vermicompost @ 15,000 kg/ha/yr, vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr and control, respectively. However, bacteria, E. aerogens, P. fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, Shigella sp., K. oxytoca and Streptococcus sp. were absent in vermicompost @ 10,000 and vermicompost @ 15,000 kg/ha/yr treatments. All the three species gained maximum growth in vermicompost @ 10,000, followed by vermicompost @ 15,000, cow dung @ 10.000, poultry manure @ 6,000 and pig manure @ 4,000 kg/ha/yr, respectively. Among the 3 species L. rohita showed maximum growth followed by C. catla and C. mrigala. There was two times more growth of Indian major carps in pond treated with vermicompost @ 10,000 kg/ha/yr as compared to control.
